Spinal Dysraphism (Spina Bifida)

Congenital defects of closure of one or more vertebral arches, which may be associated with malformations of the spinal cord, nerve roots, congenital fibrous bands, lipomas, and congenital cysts. These malformations range from mild (e.g., SPINA BIFIDA OCCULTA) to severe, including rachischisis where there is complete failure of neural tube and spinal cord fusion, resulting in exposure of the spinal cord at the surface. Spinal dysraphism includes all forms of spina bifida. The open form is called SPINA BIFIDA CYSTICA and the closed form is SPINA BIFIDA OCCULTA. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1992, Ch55, p34)

Also Known As:

Networked: 848 relevant articles (25 outcomes, 81 trials/studies) for this Disease, Comments

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Anencephaly (Aprosencephaly)
2.	Neural Tube Defects (Exencephaly)
3.	Neurogenic Urinary Bladder (Bladder, Neurogenic)
4.	Chronic Kidney Failure (Chronic Renal Failure)
5.	Prostatic Neoplasms (Prostate Cancer)

Experts

1.	Shaw, Gary M: 22 articles (07/2009 - 02/2002)
2.	Lammer, Edward J: 15 articles (02/2009 - 02/2002)
3.	Finnell, Richard H: 15 articles (02/2009 - 02/2002)
4.	Zhu, Huiping: 14 articles (02/2009 - 02/2002)
5.	Whitehead, Alexander S: 9 articles (08/2009 - 11/2002)
6.	Mitchell, Laura E: 9 articles (08/2009 - 11/2002)
7.	Yang, Wei: 9 articles (02/2009 - 06/2005)
8.	Oakley, Godfrey P: 8 articles (04/2009 - 01/2002)
9.	Niggemann, B: 7 articles (10/2001 - 02/2000)
10.	Canfield, Mark A: 6 articles (01/2010 - 01/2005)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Spinal Dysraphism:

1.	Folic Acid (Vitamin M)FDA LinkGeneric 03/01/2006 - "RESULTS: Infants with spina bifida experienced a significantly improved first-year survival rate of 92.1% (adjusted hazard ratio: 0.68; 95% confidence interval: 0.50-0.91) during the period of mandatory folic acid fortification, compared with a 90.3% survival rate for those born before fortification. " 12/01/2000 - "Moreover, folic acid supplementation seems at least as effective in spina bifida patients as in controls." 10/01/2009 - "CONCLUSIONS: 1. On the basis of own investigations the authors did not find positive results of introducing of women' s folic acid prophylaxis programme in Poland in the decrease of number of newborns, treated surgically on spina bifida in the Institute of Mother and Child. " 10/01/2009 - "Genetic association study of putative functional single nucleotide polymorphisms of genes in folate metabolism and spina bifida." 04/01/2009 - "The paper tells the success story of the trials that proved that folic acid would prevent folic-acid-preventable spina bifida. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
2.	LatexIBA 02/01/1998 - "Therefore we did a follow-up study in the high risk group of patients with spina bifida and evaluated the efficacy of latex prophylaxis. " 06/01/2008 - "Spina bifida is often identified in utero or soon after birth, allowing vigorous latex allergen avoidance with enhanced efficacy of primary prevention. " 03/01/2002 - "Efficacy of latex avoidance for primary prevention of latex sensitization in children with spina bifida." 02/01/2006 - "The study group included 31 latex-sensitized children: 26 operated at least twice, 20 of them with spina bifida; two children with one operation and three atopic non-operated children. " 12/01/2002 - "The aim of our study was to investigate the prevalence of latex sensitisation in the spina bifida patients born during the five years after establishing latex prophylaxis in the Cologne Children's Hospital in December 1995. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
3.	Immunoglobulin E (IgE)IBA 06/01/2007 - "MATERIALS AND METHODS: We investigated the prevalence of NRL-specific IgE (> 0.35 kU/l, ImmunoCAP system, Pharmacia) in a normal paediatric population (neither atopic nor having undergone surgery) (group I), spina bifida patients (group II), children with urogenital malformations (group III) and children with oesophago-tracheal malformations (group IV). " 05/01/2000 - "Intermethod comparison of in vitro and in vivo IgE assays in spina bifida patients." 10/01/1996 - "The pattern of reactivity was not correlated specifically with IgE levels, but sera from patients suffering from spina bifida reacted specifically with the minor protein of 25 kDa located in LP. " 01/01/1996 - "Further, 2 of 11 spina bifida patients found to be NL-IgE negative by FCA were NL-IgE positive by ECL. " 12/01/1992 - "Rubber-specific IgE in children with spina bifida: identification and management." Order ALL the reference details at left...
4.	AntibodiesIBA 01/01/2007 - "Abnormalities like decreased number of embryos, growth delay, spina bifida and sinus arrhythmia from 12th GD were documented in pups of mice showing anti-5-HT4 receptor antibodies. " 08/01/2000 - "Analysis by the CAP system revealed the presence of rHev b 8-specific IgE antibodies in two out of 17 sera from spina bifida patients and in five out of 25 sera (20%) from health-care workers. " 09/01/1998 - "We found significant correlation between duration of SCL and precipitating antibodies against urinary tract pathogens (PAU) (r = 0.23, P < 0.005), between plasma creatinine and PAU in patients with spina bifida (r = 0.64, P < 0.01), between PAU and the number of positive urine cultures (r = 0.17; P < 0.05) and a relation between abnormal urological findings and PAU. " 01/01/1998 - "CONCLUSION: The high prevalence of latex antibodies in children with spina bifida justifies a primary prophylaxis by avoiding latex contacts, especially during anaesthesia and surgery, a correlation between the number of operations and the development of latex antibodies exists." 01/01/1998 - "Antibodies against banana were more frequent in the latex sensitized children with spina bifida. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
5.	Inositol (Myoinositol)IBA 09/01/2002 - "Although D-chiro- and myo-inositol both reduced the frequency of spina bifida in curly tail mice by all routes of administration, D-chiro-inositol consistently exhibited the more potent effect, reducing spina bifida by 73-86% in utero compared with a 53-56% reduction with myo-inositol. " 02/15/2008 - "In this study, we present a Fkbp8 mouse mutant that has an isolated and completely penetrant spina bifida, which is folate- and inositol-resistant. " 07/01/2009 - "Stepwise multiple logistic regression analysis showed that high maternal glucose and low myo-inositol are the main risk factors for H2 spina bifida children, whereas for H1 spina bifida children, maternal BMI was the main risk factor. " 04/01/2009 - "Spina bifida frequency is reduced in Axd by methionine and in curly tail by inositol. " 06/01/2004 - "We investigated the biochemical concentrations of these nutrients and polymorphisms in the myo-inositol transporter SLC5A11, myo-inositol synthase ISYNA1, and zinc transporter SLC39A4 in association with spina bifida risk. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
6.	L 644711 (B-3(+))IBA 04/15/2000 - "Characterization of T cell responses to Hev b 3, an allergen associated with latex allergy in spina bifida patients." 11/01/1999 - "Cloning, expression, and characterization of recombinant Hev b 3, a Hevea brasiliensis protein associated with latex allergy in patients with spina bifida." 01/01/2001 - "Development of recombinant Hev b 3, a major NRL allergen relevant to children with spina bifida, enhances the likelihood for improved diagnostic reagents. " 05/01/2002 - "In addition, Hev b 3 and Hev b 1, the two major allergens for children with spina bifida, are also commonly found. " 02/01/1999 - "Cloning and molecular characterization of Hev b 3, a spina-bifida-associated allergen from Hevea brasiliensis latex." Order ALL the reference details at left...
7.	Methionine (L-Methionine)FDA Link 01/01/1996 - "Methionine reduces VPA-induced spina bifida in mice without altering VPA kinetics." 01/01/1996 - "In a search for protection against neural tube defects, we investigated the effect of methionine on the incidence of VPA-induced spina bifida in the mouse. " 04/01/2009 - "Spina bifida frequency is reduced in Axd by methionine and in curly tail by inositol. " 01/01/1996 - "Methionine reduces the valproic acid-induced spina bifida rate in mice without altering valproic acid kinetics." 12/01/2000 - "This study investigated whether spina bifida patients have lower blood folate and higher fasting and post-methionine-load plasma total homocysteine (tHcy) concentrations than control patients. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
8.	Tretinoin (Retinoic Acid)FDA LinkGeneric 04/01/2003 - "We have previously reported that the retinoic acid (RA) catabolizing enzyme CYP26A1 plays an important role in protecting tail bud tissues from inappropriate exposure to RA generated in the adjacent trunk tissues by RALDH2, and that Cyp26a1-null animals exhibit spina bifida and caudal agenesis. " 05/01/2002 - "We provide genetic evidence that ALDH1A2 and CYP26A1 activities concurrently establish local embryonic retinoic acid levels that must be finely tuned to allow posterior organ development and to prevent spina bifida." 03/01/1990 - "Discontinuity of primary and secondary neural tube in spina bifida induced by retinoic acid in mice." 01/01/1990 - "Retinoic acid-induced spina bifida: evidence for a pathogenetic mechanism." 04/01/1988 - "The splotch gene (Sp) and all-trans retinoic acid (RA) interact to cause spina bifida in mouse embryos. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
9.	AntigensIBA 03/01/1994 - "The affinity-purified antigen of CRI-C (C-Ag) had multiple bands of less than 20 kd and was 3.9 times more potent in RAST inhibition than NAL when sera from patients with spina bifida were used. " 09/01/1993 - "Also no relationship between spina bifida and red blood cell antigens. " 04/30/1980 - "The geographical correlations between the mortality rates of Spina-Bifida and incidence of Spina-Bifida and Anencephaly and the HLA antigen frequencies are studied. " 03/01/1980 - "The geographical correlation between the incidence of spina bifida and anencephaly and the HLA and ABO antigen frequencies are studied. " 08/01/1991 - "Children with spina bifida have a significantly greater likelihood than controls of having IgE specific for rubber antigens. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
10.	Cystatin CIBA 02/01/2008 - "Correlation between cystatin C- and renal scan-determined glomerular filtration rate in children with spina bifida." 06/01/2003 - "Cystatin C proved to be a superior marker in patients with spina bifida. " 06/01/2003 - "CONCLUSIONS: Only cystatin C served as a suitable marker to estimate glomerular filtration rate in patients with spina bifida. " 06/01/2003 - "Correlation coefficients for cystatin C were 0.45 and 0.84 in the spina bifida and control groups, respectively, while correlation coefficients for beta-trace protein were 0.31 and 0.75, respectively. " 06/01/2003 - "Measuring glomerular filtration rate with cystatin C and beta-trace protein in children with spina bifida." Order ALL the reference details at left...

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Transplants (Transplant) 08/01/1975 - "A study of ankle X-rays of spina bifida children before and after extra-articular subtalar fusion in which the bone graft is removed from the ipsilateral tibia has shown that the valgus tilt of the mortice may increase after this procedure." 08/01/2006 - "However, in patients with a renal transplant or spina bifida, the 2 new equations were less biased and more precise. " 02/01/2002 - "MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between February 1986 and April 2000, 17 cadaveric renal transplants were performed in 11 females and 5 males with spina bifida. " 09/01/1994 - "Between February 1989 and December 1991, we performed 5 cadaveric renal transplants in 4 patients with spina bifida. " 12/01/1996 - "RESULTS: After 2 days of reincubation, diastematomyelia, spina bifida, or a normal embryo without a graft was observed. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
2.	Enema (Enemas) 11/01/1997 - "CONCLUSION: Although enema therapy for bowel treatment in patients with spina bifida gave good results for faecal incontinence, with good patient compliance, no favourable effect on bladder function should be expected in most patients with a high-risk urinary tract dysfunction. " 04/01/2008 - "Robotic-assisted laparoscopic mitrofanoff appendicovesicostomy and antegrade continent enema colon tube creation in a pediatric spina bifida patient." 08/01/2006 - "BACKGROUND: Children with spina bifida, high anorectal anomalies, or neuronal intestinal dysplasia who are treated with a laparoscopic antegrade continence enema to achieve a socially acceptable level of fecal continence sometimes have problems with the stoma and its catheterization. " 02/01/2006 - "The impact of antegrade colonic enema (ACE) in the management of patients with spina bifida (SB) is analysed. " 10/01/2001 - "Between 1996 and 1999, 12 patients mainly presenting with spina bifida were operated for antegrade colonic enema (ACE). " Order ALL the reference details at left...
3.	Urinary Diversion (Ileal Conduit) 08/01/2004 - "Vaginal delivery in a patient with spina bifida and a Mitrofanoff urinary diversion." 11/01/2002 - "Pregnancy in patients with spina bifida and urinary diversion." 11/01/2002 - "PURPOSE OF REVIEW: A few decades ago, urinary diversion, usually with an ileal conduit, was the ultimate outcome for most children with spina bifida. " 12/01/1977 - "Intermittent non-sterile catheterization of children suffering from spina bifida: an alternative to urinary diversion." 08/01/2001 - "CONCLUSIONS: Transverse retubularized sigmoidovesicostomy is effective for creating a continent urinary diversion to the umbilicus in patients with neurogenic bladder secondary to spina bifida. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
4.	Rehabilitation 09/12/2005 - "Children with spina bifida are from birth to adulthood followed by a multidisciplinary medical and paramedical team within the habilitation organisation. " 06/01/1983 - "The rectosphincteric responses of 22 spina bifida (SB) children, aged 3.0 to 11.0 years, with frequent neurogenic faecal incontinence were investigated by clinical and anomanometric techniques and a bowel habilitation programme based on the physiological rationale of timed regular and complete evacuations, regulation of bowel habit and faecal consistency by diet and biofeedback conditioning of rectosphincteric responses. " 01/01/1985 - "This project sought to determine if a community-based habilitation program focusing on normalization and individual goal setting was effective in enhancing levels of independence in teenagers with spina bifida (myelomeningocele). " 05/01/1969 - "Orthopedic and habilitation management of patients with spina bifida and myelomeningocele." 07/28/1956 - "Habilitation of the child with spina bifida and myelomeningocele." Order ALL the reference details at left...
5.	Artificial Urinary Sphincter 10/01/2006 - "PURPOSE: The efficacy of the artificial urinary sphincter to treat sphincteric incontinence in pediatric patients with spina bifida has been clearly reported. " 10/01/2006 - "We reviewed our experience with the artificial urinary sphincter in patients without spina bifida who had had previous surgery of the bladder neck or proximal urethra. " 10/01/2006 - "14 years of experience with the artificial urinary sphincter in children and adolescents without spina bifida." 04/01/2002 - "The authors report the case of a pregnancy in a 36-year-old woman with lumbosacral spina bifida, treated by artificial urinary sphincter and augmentation enterocystoplasty. " 04/01/2002 - "OBJECTIVE: We describe our long-term experience in a uniform population of Spina Bifida boys all treated with the AS-800 model artificial urinary sphincter (AUS) and compare our results to other treatment modalities available to children with neurogenic incontinence. " Order ALL the reference details at left...