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Zalcitabine (Hivid)

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A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by a hydrogen. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. The compound is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication at low concentrations, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA by binding to reverse transcriptase. Its principal toxic side effect is axonal degeneration resulting in peripheral neuropathy.

Also Known As:

Hivid; 2',3' Dideoxycytidine; HIVID Roche; Hoffman-La Roche Brand of Zalcitabine; NSC-606170; Roche Brand of Zalcitabine; NSC 606170; NSC606170; 2',3'-Dideoxycytidine; Dideoxycytidine; ddC (Antiviral); Cytidine, 2',3'-dideoxy-

Networked: 224 relevant articles (13 outcomes, 38 trials/studies) for this Drug, Comments

Relationship Network

Drug Context: Research Results

Experts

1.	Walker, Ulrich A: 4 articles (01/2010 - 11/2002)
2.	Levine, Jon D: 4 articles (01/2007 - 01/2004)
3.	Lebrecht, Dirk: 3 articles (01/2010 - 01/2007)
4.	Kirschner, Janbernd: 3 articles (01/2010 - 01/2007)
5.	De Clercq, Erik: 3 articles (09/2009 - 11/2002)
6.	Söderkvist, Peter: 3 articles (12/2008 - 05/2002)
7.	Karlsson, Anneli: 3 articles (12/2008 - 05/2002)
8.	De Clercq, E: 3 articles (01/2007 - 08/2001)
9.	Joseph, Elizabeth K: 3 articles (03/2006 - 01/2004)
10.	Venhoff, Nils: 2 articles (01/2010 - 11/2002)

Related Diseases

1.	Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) 08/01/2001 - "Theoretical mechanistic basis of the toxic effects and efficacy of dideoxycytidine in HIV:AIDS." 05/21/1990 - "Another dideoxynucleoside, 2',3'-dideoxycytidine (ddC), also shows theoretical promise in the treatment of the pediatric AIDS population. " 07/01/2000 - "The perception that zalcitabine is poorly tolerated appears to have arisen largely from the results of early monotherapy trials in patients with AIDS and low CD4 cell counts. " 08/01/1990 - "2',3'-Dideoxycytidine (DDC), a potent inhibitor of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), is presently undergoing clinical trials as a promising anti-AIDS drug. " 07/15/1989 - "The compound 2',3'-dideoxycytidine (ddC) is a potent inhibitor of human immunodeficiency virus replication in vitro and is currently in clinical trials for treatment of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
2.	HIV Infections (HIV Infection) 03/15/2008 - "The nucleoside analog 2',3'-dideoxycytidine (ddC) has been used for treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections. " 10/01/2007 - "In order to elucidate the mechanisms underlying drug-induced neuropathy in the context of HIV infection, we have characterized pathological events in the peripheral and central nervous system following systemic treatment with the anti-retroviral agent, ddC (Zalcitabine) with or without the concomitant delivery of HIV-gp120 to the rat sciatic nerve (gp120+ddC). " 10/01/1992 - "In vitro, zalcitabine is one of the more effective nucleoside analogues currently in clinical use for HIV infection, with 0.5 mumol/L concentrations completely inhibiting HIV replication in human T lymphocyte cell lines. " 01/01/1990 - "A non-linear three-compartment model is proposed to describe a new strategy for the administration of 2',3'-dideoxycytidine (ddCyd) in the treatment of HIV infections. " 04/01/2009 - "To elucidate the mechanisms underlying peripheral neuropathic pain in the context of HIV infection and antiretroviral therapy, we measured gene expression in dorsal root ganglia (DRG) of rats subjected to systemic treatment with the anti-retroviral agent, ddC (Zalcitabine) and concomitant delivery of HIV-gp120 to the rat sciatic nerve. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
3.	AIDS-Related Complex (ARC) 02/01/1989 - "STUDY OBJECTIVE: To determine the safety and efficacy of dideoxycytidine in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) or advanced AIDS-related complex. " 02/01/1993 - "We administered the antiviral agent 2',3'-dideoxycytidine (ddC) to HIV-infected patients with either ARC or AIDS as part of the AIDS Clinical Treatment Group protocol 012 and serially evaluated them with neuropathic symptom questionnaires, neurologic examinations, nerve conduction studies, and quantitative sensory testing (QST). " 10/01/1989 - "A total of 20 patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) or AIDS-related complex (ARC) received the anti-retroviral drug 2',3',dideoxycytidine in a phase I study at doses ranging from 0.03 mg/kg every 8 hours to 0.25 mg/kg every 8 hours. " 05/01/1996 - "Safety and tolerability of zalcitabine (ddC) in patients with AIDS or advanced AIDS-related complex in the European expanded access programme." 05/01/1990 - "Several antiviral compounds showed a toxicity or hemopoietic progenitor cells, 2', 3' Dideoxycytidine (ddc) is the most potent drug in vitro against human T cell lymphotropic viruses and is now being tested on patients with AIDS and AIDS-related complex. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
4.	Disease Progression 09/01/1994 - "RESULTS: Disease progression or death occurred in 157 patients taking didanosine and 152 taking zalcitabine. " 10/01/1992 - "Alternating or concomitant therapy with zalcitabine and zidovudine provides effective inhibition of viral replication and disease progression (as measured by improvements in CD4 cell counts) with lower and less toxic dosage regimens. " 03/10/1994 - "After a median follow-up of 16 months, disease progression or death occurred in 157 of 230 patients assigned to didanosine and 152 of 237 patients assigned to zalcitabine, for a relative risk of 0.93 for the zalcitabine group as compared with the didanosine group (P = 0.56), which decreased to 0.84 (P = 0.15) after adjustment for the CD4 count, Karnofsky score, and presence of AIDS at base line. " 09/01/1993 - "There is evidence to suggest that the concomitant administration of zidovudine with didanosine or zalcitabine is effective in patients with HIV disease progression despite receiving zidovudine monotherapy, and there is some evidence that concomitant zidovudine plus didanosine therapy is more effective than alternating monotherapy. " 06/12/1999 - "Five of the six trials involved randomised comparisons of zidovudine plus didanosine versus zidovudine plus zalcitabine: in these, the zidovudine plus didanosine regimen had greater effects on disease progression (p=0.004) and death (p=0.009). " Order ALL the reference details at left...
5.	Peripheral Nervous System Diseases (PNS Diseases) 10/01/2006 - "However, neither loss of IENF nor an increase in PGP9.5-positive LCs was found in rats with a painful peripheral neuropathy evoked by the anti-HIV agent, 2',3'-dideoxycytidine. " 07/01/2000 - "Peripheral neuropathy: zalcitabine reassessed." 12/15/1999 - "2',3'-Dideoxycytidine (ddCyd) is a prescription anti-retroviral drug that causes mitochondrial toxicity and peripheral neuropathy. " 01/01/1998 - "More widespread use of zalcitabine has been limited by a number of factors including peripheral neuropathy and three times daily dosing. " 06/01/1997 - "Peripheral neuropathy is the most frequent dose-limiting adverse effect associated with zalcitabine therapy and is generally reversible on discontinuation of treatment. " Order ALL the reference details at left...

Related Drugs and Biologics

1.	Zidovudine (Retrovir)
2.	Didanosine (Videx)
3.	Zalcitabine (Hivid)
4.	Ritonavir (Norvir)
5.	Saquinavir (Invirase)
6.	Antigens
7.	Biological Markers (Surrogate Marker)
8.	Antiviral Agents (Antivirals)
9.	2',3'-dideoxycytidine 5'-triphosphate
10.	Lamivudine (3TC)

Related Therapies and Procedures

1.	Oral Administration
2.	First Aid (Aids, First)
3.	Aftercare (After-Treatment)
4.	Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART)
5.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy)

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