Posterior Uveitis

Inflammation of the choroid as well as the retina and vitreous body. Some form of visual disturbance is usually present. The most important characteristics of posterior uveitis are vitreous opacities, choroiditis, and chorioretinitis.

Also Known As:

Networked: 563 relevant articles (56 outcomes, 52 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Panuveitis
2.	Uveitis
3.	Intermediate Uveitis (Chronic Cyclitis)
4.	Macular Edema
5.	Inflammation (Inflammations)

Experts

1.	Nguyen, Quan Dong: 11 articles (09/2021 - 01/2007)
2.	Jaffe, Glenn J: 10 articles (01/2021 - 07/2005)
3.	Foster, C Stephen: 10 articles (01/2019 - 09/2004)
4.	Dick, Andrew D: 9 articles (01/2021 - 06/2004)
5.	Agarwal, Aniruddha: 8 articles (03/2022 - 01/2016)
6.	Gupta, Vishali: 8 articles (03/2022 - 04/2014)
7.	Bodaghi, Bahram: 7 articles (11/2022 - 09/2003)
8.	Smith, Justine R: 7 articles (01/2018 - 01/2002)
9.	Thorne, Jennifer E: 6 articles (04/2022 - 03/2010)
10.	Agrawal, Rupesh: 6 articles (01/2022 - 12/2014)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Posterior Uveitis:

1.	Infliximab (Remicade)FDA Link 10/01/2010 - "Four patients with posterior uveitis secondary to Behçet's disease were treated with infliximab until complete remission and were followed after withdrawal of infusions. " 07/01/2007 - "Infliximab is rapidly effective and safe in a high proportion BD patients with refractory posterior uveitis, and may be helpful to prevent recurrences." 07/01/2003 - "Infliximab is effective in the treatment of sight-threatening refractory posterior uveitis. " 01/01/2017 - "Infliximab may be safe and effective in controlling posterior uveitis and inducing remissions if given in a regimen before and after vitrecomy in BD patients." 09/01/2007 - "In our experience infliximab proved to be safe and effective in controlling both the number and intensity of cases of posterior uveitis and the extraocular manifestations of BD. "
2.	Fluocinolone Acetonide (Capex)FDA LinkGeneric 02/01/2022 - "Efficacy of 0.19 mg Fluocinolone Acetonide Implant in Non-infectious Posterior Uveitis Evaluated as Area Under the Curve." 09/01/2008 - "To evaluate the safety and efficacy of 0.59-mg and 2.1-mg fluocinolone acetonide (FA) intravitreous implants in noninfectious posterior uveitis. " 07/01/2005 - "To investigate the safety and efficacy of a fluocinolone acetonide intravitreal implant in the treatment of noninfectious posterior uveitis. " 01/01/2024 - "The 0.2-μg/day Fluocinolone Acetonide Intravitreal Implant in Chronic Noninfectious Posterior Uveitis: A 3-year Randomized Trial in India." 06/01/2006 - "To report the interim 34-week safety and efficacy results of a 3-year study to evaluate an investigational intravitreal fluocinolone acetonide (FA) implant in patients with noninfectious posterior uveitis. "
3.	Dexamethasone (Maxidex)FDA LinkGeneric 05/01/2011 - "To evaluate the safety and efficacy of 2 doses of dexamethasone intravitreal implant (DEX implant) for treatment of noninfectious intermediate or posterior uveitis. " 01/01/2023 - "The present study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety associated to the treatment of patients with non-infectious posterior uveitis with intravitreal dexamethasone (DEX) implants in a real-world clinical setting. " 02/10/2020 - "To date, the dexamethasone 700 μg implant has been authorized for the treatment of noninfectious intermediate and posterior uveitis, but there have been no studies to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the different peri- and intraocular strategies, including the treatment of inflammatory macular oedema. " 05/01/2015 - "This study aims at the development and preliminary evaluation of dexamethasone nanomicelles for treating posterior uveitis. " 01/01/2010 - "More recently, Ozurdex, a 'bioerodible' dexamethasone implant which can be inserted in an office setting, has completed phase III clinical trials in patients with intermediate and posterior uveitis. "
4.	Adrenal Cortex Hormones (Corticosteroids)IBA 07/11/2023 - "Two months ago, the patient was misdiagnosed with "bilateral posterior uveitis", but the diagnosis was ruled out after ineffective treatment with corticosteroids. " 02/01/2023 - "GTR5 hazard was lower for patients with posterior uveitis or if the ISDs were prescribed before 2008, and higher if periocular corticosteroids had been administered before ISD prescription, or if the duration of the posterior segment activity was shorter. " 01/01/2023 - "A young patient presented with counting fingers in both eyes due to posterior uveitis and unresponsive to systemic corticosteroids. " 09/01/2022 - "Therefore, treatment with only topically administered corticosteroids is deemed insufficient in horses in cases of posterior uveitis. " 10/01/2019 - "The recent adoption of alternative drug delivery options has led to the development of new sustained-delivery corticosteroid systems, able to manage successfully chronic noninfectious posterior uveitis. "
5.	Adalimumab (Humira)FDA Link 05/01/2012 - "Sarcoidosis patients with refractory posterior uveitis (n = 26, 17 females, 41 eyes in total) were systematically followed for 12 months after initiation of adalimumab 40 mg sc once a week. " 01/01/2021 - "Long-Term Safety and Efficacy of Adalimumab in Patients with Noninfectious Intermediate Uveitis, Posterior Uveitis, or Panuveitis." 01/01/2017 - "Effect of Adalimumab on Visual Functioning in Patients With Noninfectious Intermediate Uveitis, Posterior Uveitis, and Panuveitis in the VISUAL-1 and VISUAL-2 Trials." 01/01/2017 - "This post hoc analysis suggests that adalimumab is associated with statistically significant and clinically meaningful improvements in patient-reported visual functioning for patients with noninfectious intermediate uveitis, posterior uveitis, and panuveitis. " 01/01/2017 - "Adalimumab was recently approved for the treatment of noninfectious intermediate uveitis, posterior uveitis, and panuveitis. "
6.	Retinaldehyde (Retinal)IBA 12/01/2021 - "A prospective longitudinal observational analytic study where patients with active Behḉet's posterior uveitis (BU) were assessed by optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) and enhanced depth imaging OCT during activity and after remission, for retinal microvascular and subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) changes. " 12/01/2021 - "To investigate the retinal microvascular and choroidal thickness changes in eyes with active Behḉet's disease posterior uveitis and post-remission. " 12/01/2021 - "Post-remission retinal microvascular and choroidal thickness changes in eyes with Behḉet's disease posterior uveitis: an OCTA longitudinal study." 01/01/2018 - "Inner Retinal Microvasculature Damage Correlates With Outer Retinal Disruption During Remission in Behçet's Posterior Uveitis by Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography." 06/01/2018 - "The objective of this study was to investigate the role of EDI-OCT to assess the choroidal and retinal changes in posterior uveitis. "
7.	Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (Tumor Necrosis Factor)IBA 04/01/2005 - "Previous studies showed the immunological efficacy of TNFalpha inhibitors in the treatment of posterior uveitis. " 06/01/2004 - "Neutralizing tumor necrosis factor activity leads to remission in patients with refractory noninfectious posterior uveitis." 12/01/2010 - "Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) may disrupt the extracellular matrix components comprising the blood-retinal barrier (BRB) in patients with posterior uveitis, such as Behçet's disease. " 09/01/2018 - "Conventional immunosuppressive drugs, anti-TNF alpha and other biotherapies used in clinical practice are capable of controlling non-infectious anterior uveitis, posterior uveitis and panuveitis. " 08/01/2005 - "Long-term treatment of refractory posterior uveitis with anti-TNFalpha (infliximab)."
8.	Cyclosporine (Ciclosporin)FDA LinkGeneric 03/01/2004 - "Treatment with cyclosporine (CsA) has considerably improved the visual prognosis of patients suffering from endogenous posterior uveitis (EPU). " 11/01/2022 - "Ciclosporin A in bilateral auto-immune chronic posterior uveitis associated with macular oedema: a Long-term Observational Safety and Efficacy Study." 04/01/2005 - "Cyclosporine (CsA) is a widely used drug in the treatment of posterior uveitis. " 03/01/2004 - "Experience with cyclosporine in endogenous uveitis posterior." 04/01/1987 - "[Contribution of cyclosporin A to the treatment of severe posterior uveitis]."
9.	Immunosuppressive Agents (Immunosuppressants)IBA 09/01/2002 - "MMF was effective in disease control in the majority of patients with intermediate and posterior uveitis and proved to be a useful second line immunosuppressant for refractory intraocular inflammatory disease with an acceptable profile of side-effects." 08/01/2003 - "Systemic immunosuppressive agents also play an important role in the management of posterior uveitis. " 02/01/2011 - "Systematic review on the effectiveness of immunosuppressants and biological therapies in the treatment of autoimmune posterior uveitis." 02/01/2011 - "To analyze the effectiveness of immunosuppressants and biological therapies in autoimmune posterior uveitis, chronic anterior uveitis associated with juvenile idiopathic arthritis, and macular edema. " 03/01/2021 - "Of the 316 consecutive files, 72 were excluded (indeterminate test, prescription before anti-TNFα or immunosuppressant initiation, missing data, wrong indication) and 244 were selected and divided into two groups: group one (anterior uveitis/episcleritis, n=129) and group two (intermediate/posterior uveitis/optic neuritis/ocular myositis, n=115). "
10.	Methotrexate (Mexate)FDA LinkGeneric 10/01/2013 - "Methotrexate is the least toxic, used mainly for posterior uveitis. " 10/01/2019 - "Among patients with posterior uveitis or panuveitis, treatment success was achieved in 58 (74.4%) in the methotrexate group vs 42 (55.3%) in the mycophenolate group (difference, 19.1% [95% CI, 3.6% to 30.6%]; OR, 2.35 [95% CI, 1.16 to 4.90]; P = .02); whereas among patients with intermediate uveitis treatment success occurred in 6 (33.3%) in the methotrexate group vs 14 (63.6%) in the mycophenolate group (difference, -30.3% [95% CI, -51.6% to 1.1%]; OR, 0.29 [95% CI, 0.08 to 1.05]; P = .07; P for interaction = .004). " 01/01/2016 - "The Effectiveness of Intraocular Methotrexate in the Treatment of Posterior Uveitis in Behçet's Disease Patients Compared to Retrobulbar Steroids Injection." 10/01/2019 - "To compare the effect of methotrexate and mycophenolate for achieving corticosteroid-sparing control of noninfectious intermediate uveitis, posterior uveitis, and panuveitis. " 10/01/2014 - "To compare the relative effectiveness of methotrexate and mycophenolate mofetil for noninfectious intermediate uveitis, posterior uveitis, or panuveitis. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Therapeutics 04/01/2006 - "The CsA-PLGA-MS preparation might be useful in the treatment of patients with severe chronic posterior uveitis who cannot tolerate systemic or periocular therapy." 02/01/1995 - "This device may be useful in the management of patients with severe chronic posterior uveitis who cannot tolerate systemic or periocular therapy." 01/01/1997 - "In posterior uveitis, LFP was sensitive to monitor systemic treatments and to establish a diagnosis in unclear cases by measuring the effect of a selective therapy (therapeutic trial) on the flare level. " 12/01/1990 - "The authors used immunopathologic techniques to study vitreous and/or retinochoroidal biopsies from 23 patients with posterior uveitis unresponsive to conventional therapy or who had developed significant complications despite therapy. " 09/01/2020 - "We report a case with pulmonary TB on Anti-tubercular therapy (ATT), who presented to us with two mutually exclusive and distinctly different forms of tubercular posterior uveitis in either eye simultaneously. "
2.	Injections 08/01/2000 - "Subsequently, posterior uveitis developed, necessitating posterior subtenon injections. " 02/21/1990 - "Posterior uveitis is treated with systemic and local injections. " 10/01/2015 - "Both single and repeated injections of a dexamethasone-containing implant are safe and effective for the treatment of noninfectious intermediate and posterior uveitis in children. " 08/01/2005 - "Efficacy of periocular corticosteroid injections in the management of posterior uveitis." 08/01/2021 - "To study the safety of extended monthly intravitreal infliximab injections in patients with active posterior uveitis in Behcet's disease. "
3.	Vitrectomy 01/01/2018 - "One serious device/procedure-related adverse event was recorded (sterile posterior uveitis), which resolved after vitrectomy. " 01/01/2017 - "30 eyes of 27 adult male BD patients with a mean age of 35.56 yrs presented with refractory posterior uveitis not responding to immunosuppressive drugs and candidate for vitrectomy were included. " 01/01/2012 - "A patient with human immunodeficiency virus who developed immune-recovery posterior uveitis in the context of inactive toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis underwent complete ophthalmologic evaluation, polymerase chain reaction of the aqueous humor, diagnostic vitrectomy, and cerebral ancillary testing. " 08/01/2010 - "Scleral thickness was measured at the pars plana region (4 quadrants) with anterior segment OCT (Visante) in FA implanted eyes (18) with noninfectious posterior uveitis in comparison to eyes with prior vitrectomy (8), and normal eyes without prior surgery (30). " 05/01/2008 - "Diagnostic vitrectomy for the diagnosis and management of posterior uveitis of unknown etiology."
4.	Biological Therapy 11/01/2007 - "The majority of reports of biologic therapies in posterior uveitis have been uncontrolled trials, or retrospective studies, of uveitis resistant to immunosuppression. " 02/01/2011 - "Selection criteria were as follows: (1) population: autoimmune posterior uveitis, chronic anterior uveitis in juvenile idiopathic arthritis, and macular edema; (2) intervention: immunosuppressive and biologic therapies; (3) outcomes: visual acuity, Tyndall, vitreous haze, macular edema, pars planitis, and retinal vasculitis. " 02/01/2011 - "Systematic review on the effectiveness of immunosuppressants and biological therapies in the treatment of autoimmune posterior uveitis." 09/01/2018 - "Conventional immunosuppressive drugs, anti-TNF alpha and other biotherapies used in clinical practice are capable of controlling non-infectious anterior uveitis, posterior uveitis and panuveitis. " 02/01/2011 - "To analyze the effectiveness of immunosuppressants and biological therapies in autoimmune posterior uveitis, chronic anterior uveitis associated with juvenile idiopathic arthritis, and macular edema. "
5.	Lasers (Laser) 01/01/2022 - "To study the utility of MultiColor confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscope imaging (MCI) in identifying the morphology of uveitic lesions compared with conventional color fundus photography (CFP) in patients with posterior uveitis. " 01/01/2022 - "MULTICOLOR CONFOCAL SCANNING LASER OPHTHALMOSCOPE IMAGING IN POSTERIOR UVEITIS." 11/01/2016 - "To investigate whether wide-field multispectral scanning laser ophthalmoscopy could assist in determining depth of chorioretinal pathology in posterior uveitis. " 01/01/1998 - "[Comparative laser tyndallometry and fluorophotometry in anterior and posterior uveitis]." 12/01/2016 - "UWF imaging is useful in the detection of peripheral pathologies in tubercular posterior uveitis that may influence management decisions, such as addition of immunosuppressive therapy or scatter laser photocoagulation."