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Oculomotor Nerve Diseases (Oculomotor Nerve Palsy)

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Diseases of the oculomotor nerve or nucleus that result in weakness or paralysis of the superior rectus, inferior rectus, medial rectus, inferior oblique, or levator palpebrae muscles, or impaired parasympathetic innervation to the pupil. With a complete oculomotor palsy, the eyelid will be paralyzed, the eye will be in an abducted and inferior position, and the pupil will be markedly dilated. Commonly associated conditions include neoplasms, CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA, ischemia (especially in association with DIABETES MELLITUS), and aneurysmal compression. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p270)

Also Known As:

Oculomotor Nerve Palsy; Palsy, Oculomotor Nerve; Third-Nerve Palsy; Oculomotor Nerve Disorders; Oculomotor Nerve Paralysis; Oculomotor Neuropathy; Partial Third-Nerve Palsy; Third Cranial Nerve Diseases; Third-Nerve Paralysis; Total Third-Nerve Palsy; Nerve Disease, Oculomotor; Nerve Diseases, Oculomotor; Nerve Disorder, Oculomotor; Nerve Disorders, Oculomotor; Nerve Palsies, Oculomotor; Nerve Palsy, Oculomotor; Nerve Paralyses, Oculomotor; Nerve Paralysis, Oculomotor; Neuropathies, Oculomotor; Neuropathy, Oculomotor; Oculomotor Nerve Disease; Oculomotor Nerve Disorder; Oculomotor Nerve Palsies; Oculomotor Nerve Paralyses; Oculomotor Neuropathies; Palsies, Oculomotor Nerve; Palsies, Partial Third-Nerve; Palsies, Third-Nerve; Palsies, Total Third-Nerve; Palsy, Partial Third-Nerve; Palsy, Third-Nerve; Palsy, Total Third-Nerve; Paralyses, Oculomotor Nerve; Paralyses, Third-Nerve; Paralysis, Oculomotor Nerve; Paralysis, Third-Nerve; Partial Third Nerve Palsy; Partial Third-Nerve Palsies; Third Nerve Palsy; Third Nerve Paralysis; Third-Nerve Palsies; Third-Nerve Palsies, Partial; Third-Nerve Palsies, Total; Third-Nerve Palsy, Partial; Third-Nerve Palsy, Total; Third-Nerve Paralyses; Total Third Nerve Palsy; Total Third-Nerve Palsies; Cranial Nerve III Diseases

Networked: 80 relevant articles (5 outcomes, 2 trials/studies) for this Disease, Comments

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Strabismus (Squint)
2.	Brain Ischemia (Cerebral Ischemia)
3.	Exotropia (Exophoria)
4.	Aneurysm (Aneurysms)
5.	Tonic Pupil

Experts

1.	Oh, Chang Wan: 1 article (11/2009)
2.	Kwon, O-Ki: 1 article (11/2009)
3.	Kwon, Bae Ju: 1 article (11/2009)
4.	Kim, Jeong Eun: 1 article (11/2009)
5.	Kang, Hyun-Seung: 1 article (11/2009)
6.	Jung, Cheolkyu: 1 article (11/2009)
7.	Han, Moon Hee: 1 article (11/2009)
8.	Singh Sharma, Manish: 1 article (08/2009)
9.	Singh Narang, Karanjit: 1 article (08/2009)
10.	Shankar Sharma, Bhawani: 1 article (08/2009)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Oculomotor Nerve Diseases:

1.	glucuronyl glucosamine glycan sulfate (Vessel)IBA 12/01/1998 - "Signs of cerebral ischemia and third-nerve palsy resolved completely after reconstructive surgery of the occluded vessel. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
2.	Botulinum Toxins (Botulinum Toxin)IBA 10/01/2008 - "Botulinum toxin injection into the lateral rectus muscle may provide temporary relief of symptoms in some patients and seems to be a useful treatment option in cases of acute traumatic third nerve palsy in the short-term." 10/01/2008 - "METHODS: Nine patients with acute traumatic partial third-nerve palsy of less than 2 months' duration were treated by injection of botulinum toxin A into the ipsilateral lateral rectus muscle. " 10/01/2008 - "The role of Botulinum toxin in management of acute traumatic third-nerve palsy." 05/01/1992 - "The role of botulinum toxin in third nerve palsy." 01/01/1988 - "Botulinum toxin treatment of patients with acute sixth and third nerve palsy appears beneficial. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
3.	Alprostadil (Muse)FDA LinkGeneric 03/01/1990 - "The present study suggests that improvement of intraneural microcirculation by PGE1 administration results in an immediate recovery from diabetic oculomotor nerve palsy." Order ALL the reference details at left...
4.	Pilocarpine (Ocusert)FDA LinkGeneric 09/15/1994 - "To evaluate the frequency and clinical correlates of preganglionic cholinergic supersensitivity of the iris sphincter, I prospectively tested 31 consecutive outpatients with oculomotor nerve palsies by comparing their pupil diameters in darkness before and 30 minutes after topical application of pilocarpine 0.1%. " 09/01/1998 - "METHODS: In this retrospective study, the authors first identified 11 patients with oculomotor nerve palsy and 11 patients with unilateral Adie's pupil who demonstrated supersensitive pupillary responses using dilute pilocarpine. " 01/01/1991 - "Other causes of a non-light-reactive dilated pupil, such as Adie's tonic pupil, third nerve palsy and lesion of the mesencephalic pretectal region, must be excluded before testing the iris sphincter reaction to 1% pilocarpine. " 01/01/2007 - "Our patient's mydriasis reacted to diluted pilocarpine 0.125% which is a sign of Adie's pupil and is not supposed to occur in mydriasis caused by a third nerve palsy. " 10/01/2005 - "The clinical evaluation of anisocoria is discussed, emphasising the pharmacological aids (e.g., cocaine 10% eye drops, hydroxyamphetamine eye drops, pilocarpine 0.1% eye drops, pilocarpine 1% eye drops, apraclonidine) used in differentiating the different causes of anisocoria (e.g., physiological anisocoria, Horner syndrome, Adie pupil, pharmacological anisocoria, third nerve palsy)." Order ALL the reference details at left...
5.	Immunoglobulin G (IgG)IBA 09/24/2002 - "Unilateral oculomotor nerve palsy associated with anti-GQ1b IgG antibody." 01/01/2008 - "Unlike previous reports, our patient showed isolated unilateral oculomotor nerve palsy as soon as she developed general symptoms with Influenza A infection, and demonstrated no significant increases of anti-ganglioside antibodies including anti-GQ1b IgG antibody. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
6.	AntibodiesIBA 09/01/2000 - "Partial oculomotor nerve palsy associated with elevated anti-galactocerebroside and anti-GM1 antibodies." 01/01/2008 - "Unlike previous reports, our patient showed isolated unilateral oculomotor nerve palsy as soon as she developed general symptoms with Influenza A infection, and demonstrated no significant increases of anti-ganglioside antibodies including anti-GQ1b IgG antibody. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
7.	alpha-Fetoproteins (AFP)IBA 03/01/2004 - "We have now identified causative mutations in 15 families, which allows us to clinically define this entity by onset between 10 and 22 years, cerebellar atrophy, axonal sensorimotor neuropathy, oculomotor apraxia and elevated alpha-fetoprotein (AFP). " 01/01/2009 - "BACKGROUND: The autosomal recessively inherited ataxia with oculomotor apraxia 2 (AOA2) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by juvenile or adolescent age of onset, gait ataxia, cerebellar atrophy, axonal sensorimotor neuropathy, oculomotor apraxia, and elevated serum AFP levels. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
8.	sildenafil (Viagra)FDA Link 10/01/1999 - "Some interesting cases of neurologic and systemic associations have also been reported, including a unilateral pupil-sparing third nerve paralysis developing after the use of sildenafil citrate (Viagra; Pfizer, New York, New York). " 09/01/1998 - "CONCLUSION: In a patient with microvascular disease, use of sildenafil may be associated with pupil-sparing third nerve palsy." 09/01/1998 - "Three weeks later, the patient took a second dose of Viagra (50 mg); 36 hours later he experienced a complete pupil-sparing third nerve palsy. " 09/01/1998 - "PURPOSE: To report unilateral pupil-sparing third nerve palsy after use of sildenafil citrate (Viagra). " 09/01/1998 - "Pupil-sparing third nerve palsy associated with sildenafil citrate (Viagra)." Order ALL the reference details at left...
9.	Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 (Fludeoxyglucose F 18)FDA Link 08/01/1995 - "A 16-year-old girl presented with a unilateral third nerve palsy and predominant gray matter involvement on MR and positron emission tomography with fludeoxyglucose F 18. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
10.	Botulinum Toxin Type A (Botox)FDA Link 01/01/1992 - "Botulinum A toxin was injected into the frontalis muscle in two patients with complete third nerve palsies to limit intermittent upper lid retraction after a frontalis sling procedure. " Order ALL the reference details at left...

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Decompression 08/01/2008 - "Microvascular decompression was carried out, and the oculomotor nerve palsy improved. " 01/01/1991 - "Bilateral oculomotor nerve palsies due to posterior cerebral arterial compression relieved by microvascular decompression--case report." 01/01/2009 - "An aggressive decompression of the optic chiasm was performed with complete resolution of both visual fields and third nerve palsy. " 01/01/1991 - "Two months later, a similar oculomotor nerve paralysis due to the same mechanism occurred contralaterally and was also treated by microvascular decompression. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
2.	Sutures (Suture) 10/01/2004 - "An adjustable medial orbital wall suture for third nerve palsy." 04/01/2008 - "Traction sutures in the management of long-standing third nerve palsy." 08/01/2000 - "These include temporal mattress suture,(2) eye muscle prosthesis, (3,4) splitting and reattaching the lateral rectus muscle near the vortex veins,(5) and fixation of the eye with fascia lata.(6) Taylor(7) suggested using medial transposition of the lateral rectus muscle in a case of isolated third nerve palsy. " 09/01/1980 - "Four tarsorrhaphy sutures are placed through the lower eyelid and brow following ptosis surgery in a system designed for patients with external ophthalmoplegia, third nerve paralysis, and myashenia gravis. " 04/01/2008 - "CONCLUSION: Adducting traction sutures combined with large recess-resect of the horizontal rectus muscles are safe and effective in the management of long-standing strabismus due to third nerve palsy." Order ALL the reference details at left...
3.	Traction 04/01/2008 - "Traction sutures in the management of long-standing third nerve palsy." 04/01/2008 - "CONCLUSION: Adducting traction sutures combined with large recess-resect of the horizontal rectus muscles are safe and effective in the management of long-standing strabismus due to third nerve palsy." 08/01/1996 - "METHODS: We describe use of through-the-lid traction sutures in 24 consecutive patients with fixed divergent squint secondary to long-standing third nerve palsy. " 08/01/1996 - "Management of fixed divergent squint in third nerve palsy using traction sutures." 11/01/1980 - "Other complications in the treated eyes included transient partial third nerve palsies, preretinal haemorrhage, haemorrhage confined to the burn area, vitreous haemorrhage, vitreoretinal traction, and retinal detachment. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
4.	Trephining 01/01/1954 - "[Oculomotor nerve paralysis cured by trephining of maxillary sinus.]" Order ALL the reference details at left...
5.	Transplantation (Transplant Recipients) 11/01/1993 - "Transplantation of the lateral rectus muscle to the medial side of the globe in third nerve palsy." 02/01/1989 - "An operation for complete third nerve paralysis involving lateral rectus muscle transplantation to the medial side of the globe as a basic procedure is described. " 02/01/1989 - "Surgical management of oculomotor nerve palsy with lateral rectus transplantation to the medial side of globe." 03/01/1974 - "Superior oblique transplantation in third nerve paralysis." Order ALL the reference details at left...

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