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Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (Myalgic Encephalomyelitis)

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A syndrome characterized by persistent or recurrent fatigue, diffuse musculoskeletal pain, sleep disturbances, and subjective cognitive impairment of 6 months duration or longer. Symptoms are not caused by ongoing exertion; are not relieved by rest; and result in a substantial reduction of previous levels of occupational, educational, social, or personal activities. Minor alterations of immune, neuroendocrine, and autonomic function may be associated with this syndrome. There is also considerable overlap between this condition and FIBROMYALGIA. (From Semin Neurol 1998;18(2):237-42; Ann Intern Med 1994 Dec 15;121(12): 953-9)

Also Known As:

Myalgic Encephalomyelitis; Encephalomyelitis, Myalgic; Postviral Fatigue Syndrome; Fatigue Syndrome, Chronic; Chronic Fatigue Disorder; Chronic Fatigue and Immune Dysfunction Syndrome; Chronic Fatigue-Fibromyalgia Syndrome; Fatigue Syndrome, Postviral; Royal Free Disease; Chronic Fatigue Disorders; Chronic Fatigue Fibromyalgia Syndrome; Chronic Fatigue Syndromes; Chronic Fatigue-Fibromyalgia Syndromes; Disorders, Chronic Fatigue; Fatigue Disorder, Chronic; Fatigue Disorders, Chronic; Fatigue Syndromes, Chronic; Fatigue Syndromes, Postviral; Fatigue-Fibromyalgia Syndrome, Chronic; Fatigue-Fibromyalgia Syndromes, Chronic; Infectious Mononucleosis Like Syndrome, Chronic; Postviral Fatigue Syndromes; Syndrome, Chronic Fatigue-Fibromyalgia; Syndromes, Chronic Fatigue-Fibromyalgia; Syndromes, Postviral Fatigue; Infectious Mononucleosis-Like Syndrome, Chronic

Networked: 630 relevant articles (32 outcomes, 92 trials/studies) for this Disease, Comments

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Fatigue
2.	Fibromyalgia (Fibrositis)
3.	Multiple Sclerosis
4.	Infection
5.	Cardiovascular Diseases (Cardiovascular Disease)

Experts

1.	Maes, Michael: 14 articles (01/2009 - 10/2005)
2.	De Meirleir, Kenny: 11 articles (11/2008 - 04/2002)
3.	Cleare, Anthony J: 9 articles (05/2009 - 02/2004)
4.	Cleare, A J: 8 articles (08/2005 - 04/2000)
5.	Reeves, William C: 7 articles (01/2009 - 12/2002)
6.	Wessely, S: 7 articles (07/2008 - 04/2001)
7.	Mihaylova, Ivana: 7 articles (06/2008 - 10/2005)
8.	Nijs, Jo: 7 articles (04/2008 - 08/2004)
9.	Puri, B K: 6 articles (11/2009 - 09/2002)
10.	Kuratsune, Hirohiko: 6 articles (04/2009 - 08/2003)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Chronic Fatigue Syndrome:

1.	Antidepressive Agents (Antidepressants)IBA 01/01/1997 - "There is a strong association between the chronic fatigue syndrome and both depressive illness and sleep disturbance, but the efficacy of antidepressants is uncertain. " 02/01/2009 - "Protective effects of antidepressants against chronic fatigue syndrome-induced behavioral changes and biochemical alterations." 07/01/2009 - "Pharmacological treatment of chronic fatigue syndrome: focusing on the role of antidepressants." 11/15/2001 - "Established treatment options in chronic fatigue syndrome are graded exercise, antidepressants in case of depression and anxiety, and cognitive behaviour treatment. " 06/01/1998 - "BACKGROUND: The Joint Working Group of the Royal Colleges of Physicians, Psychiatrists and General Practitioners (1996) recommended graded exercise and antidepressants for patients with chronic fatigue syndrome. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
2.	Moclobemide (Arima)IBA 09/01/2000 - "CONCLUSION: Moclobemide produces some improvement in key symptoms experienced by patients with chronic fatigue syndrome. " 09/01/2000 - "A randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled trial of moclobemide in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome." 01/01/1997 - "An open study of the efficacy and adverse effects of moclobemide in patients with the chronic fatigue syndrome." 01/01/1995 - "Clinical trials are in progress on the effect of moclobemide in chronic fatigue syndrome. " 01/01/1997 - "These results do not support moclobemide as an effective treatment of chronic fatigue syndrome in the absence of a major depressive disorder." Order ALL the reference details at left...
3.	MelatoninIBA 01/01/2006 - "The effect of melatonin, a chronobiotic drug, was explored in 29 patients with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) and Dim Light Melatonin onset (DLMO) later than 21.30 hours, reflective of delayed circadian rhythmicity. " 10/01/2000 - "High nocturnal melatonin in adolescents with chronic fatigue syndrome." 07/01/1996 - "Dissociation of body-temperature and melatonin secretion circadian rhythms in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome." 01/01/2006 - "Influence of melatonin on fatigue severity in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome and late melatonin secretion." 12/01/1999 - "Melatonin levels in women with fibromyalgia and chronic fatigue syndrome." Order ALL the reference details at left...
4.	Eicosapentaenoic AcidIBA 04/01/2004 - "These results, which are consistent with a recent detailed report of cerebral and clinical changes associated with a high intake of eicosapentaenoic acid, suggest that this n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acid may offer the hope of effective treatment for at least some patients with chronic fatigue syndrome." 03/01/2004 - "Eicosapentaenoic acid-rich essential fatty acid supplementation in chronic fatigue syndrome associated with symptom remission and structural brain changes." 04/01/2004 - "A series of patients with chronic fatigue syndrome were treated solely with a high-eicosapentaenoic acid-containing essential fatty acid supplement. " 04/01/2004 - "The use of eicosapentaenoic acid in the treatment of chronic fatigue syndrome." 03/01/2004 - "An essential fatty acid supplement rich in eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) was therefore given daily to a female patient with a 6-year history of unremitting symptoms of chronic fatigue syndrome. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
5.	Hydrocortisone (Cortisol)FDA LinkGeneric 03/01/2008 - "Attenuated morning salivary cortisol concentrations in a population-based study of persons with chronic fatigue syndrome and well controls." 07/01/2006 - "OBJECTIVES: Reduced basal hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis output in chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) has been inferred from low cortisol levels in blood, saliva, and urine in some studies. " 08/01/2001 - "These neuroendocrine studies were part of a series of studies testing the hypotheses that 1) there may be reduced activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in chronic fatigue syndrome and 2) low-dose augmentation with hydrocortisone therapy would improve the core symptoms. " 01/01/1999 - "Previous studies have demonstrated concentrating neuroendocrinological disturbances in chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) patients, concentrating in particular on low cortisol levels and a hypothalamic deficiency. " 01/01/1998 - "BACKGROUND: Previous studies reporting cortisol hyposecretion in chronic fatigue syndrome may have been confounded by venepuncture, fasting and hospitalisation. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
6.	Serotonin (5 Hydroxytryptamine)IBA 03/01/1995 - "The findings of this study do not support a role for 5-HT in chronic fatigue syndrome." 05/01/2010 - "BACKGROUND: Accumulating data support the involvement of the serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine [5-HT]) system in the pathophysiology of chronic fatigue syndrome. " 07/01/2005 - "We assessed the serotonin status of patients with the chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). " 12/03/2004 - "Reduction of serotonin transporters of patients with chronic fatigue syndrome." 01/01/2000 - "OBJECTIVE: The serotonin system presumably is involved in the pathogenesis of chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). " Order ALL the reference details at left...
7.	FludrocortisoneIBA 04/27/1998 - "CONCLUSION: Low-dose fludrocortisone does not provide sufficient benefit to be evident in a preliminary blinded trial of unselected patients with chronic fatigue syndrome." 04/27/1998 - "A preliminary placebo-controlled crossover trial of fludrocortisone for chronic fatigue syndrome." 08/08/2003 - "Fludrocortisone and chronic fatigue syndrome." 11/05/2002 - "A high frequency of positive results on tilt-table testing has confirmed an association between the chronic fatigue syndrome and orthostatic intolerance; however, treatment with the salt-retaining steroid fludrocortisone, which is usually beneficial in primary chronic autonomic failure, does not seem to be beneficial in the chronic fatigue syndrome. " 06/15/2003 - "CONCLUSION: Low-dose combination therapy of hydrocortisone and fludrocortisone was not effective in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome." Order ALL the reference details at left...
8.	AntibodiesIBA 04/01/2001 - "In addition, preliminary data suggest that the presence of antilamin antibodies may be helpful in the diagnosis of chronic fatigue syndrome. " 01/01/1993 - "Second, a series of studies have detailed elevations of antibodies to most herpesviruses in selected chronic fatigue syndrome populations, with Epstein-Barr virus and human herpes type 6 being the objects of most scrutiny. " 04/01/1998 - "Surface and intracellular immunologic and apoptotic markers and functional lymphocyte assays after stimulation with anti-CD3/anti-CD28 antibodies or phytohemagglutinin (PHA) were studied in 44 patients fulfilling the Oxford criteria for chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). " 06/01/1997 - "Antimuscle and anti-CNS circulating antibodies in chronic fatigue syndrome." 09/01/1994 - "Simultaneous measurement of antibodies to Epstein-Barr virus, human herpesvirus 6, herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2, and 14 enteroviruses in chronic fatigue syndrome: is there evidence of activation of a nonspecific polyclonal immune response?" Order ALL the reference details at left...
9.	MagnesiumIBA 03/30/1991 - "The hypotheses that patients with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) have low red blood cell magnesium and that magnesium treatment would improve the wellbeing of such patients were tested in a case-control study and a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, respectively. " 09/01/1994 - "Red blood cell magnesium concentrations were measured in samples from 89 patients who fulfilled the diagnostic criteria for chronic fatigue syndrome and the results compared to those found in an age and sex matched group selected from the normal population. " 09/01/1994 - "Normal red cell magnesium concentrations and magnesium loading tests in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome." 11/01/1992 - "[A case of chronic fatigue syndrome who showed a beneficial effect by intravenous administration of magnesium sulphate]" 08/15/1992 - "Magnesium and chronic fatigue syndrome." Order ALL the reference details at left...
10.	Growth Hormone (Somatotropin)IBA 04/01/1998 - "The efficacy of growth hormone (GH) therapy was evaluated in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) who had peak serum GH levels below 10 microg/l during stage-controlled sleep. " 04/01/1998 - "Effect of growth hormone treatment in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome: a preliminary study." 04/01/1998 - "Secretion of growth hormone in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome." 04/01/2000 - "Integrity of the growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor system is maintained in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome." 03/01/1998 - "Abnormalities of the growth hormone-insulin-like growth factor-1 axis have been also documented in both fibromyalgia and chronic fatigue syndrome. " Order ALL the reference details at left...

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Exercise Therapy (Therapy, Exercise) 03/01/2005 - "The aim of this study was to investigate the potential mechanisms underlying the efficacy of graded exercise therapy for chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). " 04/01/2008 - "Using evidence from both the biological and clinical sciences, this paper explains that graded exercise therapy for people with chronic fatigue syndrome can be undertaken safely with no detrimental effects on the immune system. " 04/01/2008 - "The Cochrane Collaboration advises practitioners to implement graded exercise therapy for patients with chronic fatigue syndrome using cognitive behavioural principles. " 01/01/2004 - "Exercise therapy for chronic fatigue syndrome." 10/01/2002 - "Chronic fatigue syndrome, deconditioning, and graded exercise therapy." Order ALL the reference details at left...
2.	Steam Bath (Sauna) 06/01/2007 - "Thermal therapy using far-infrared ray dry sauna was performed for patients with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). " 06/01/2010 - "Far-infrared sauna treatments improve the quality of life for those with chronic pain, chronic fatigue syndrome, depression, and congestive heart failure. " 10/01/2009 - "Such diseases as hypertension, vascular endothelial dysfunction, multiple chemical sensitivity and heart failure are thought to be helped by sauna therapy and chronic fatigue syndrome and fibromyalgia may also be helped and there are others that may be good candidates for sauna therapy." Order ALL the reference details at left...
3.	Aftercare (After-Treatment) 06/01/2006 - "METHODS: Patients with chronic fatigue syndrome (n=62) completed three versions of a Dutch self-report questionnaire evaluating action-proneness retrospectively that is (1) before illness onset, (2) before treatment and (3) after treatment. " 03/01/1988 - "Twenty-three patients with polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) followed in an academic rheumatology practice frequently reported symptoms commonly found in the recently described "chronic fatigue syndrome" or "chronic Epstein-Barr infection syndrome." These symptoms persisted for months after treatment had reduced the severity of the myalgias and lowered the sedimentation rate: periodically disabling fatigue (33%), recurrent pharyngitis (30%), sleep disorder (65%) and arthralgias (70%). " Order ALL the reference details at left...
4.	Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) 01/01/2000 - "Here, we discuss six such areas: the long-term efficacy of HAART therapy in treatment of HIV infection; the role of viral infection in chronic fatigue syndrome; Rasmussen's encephalitis as an infectious or autoimmune disease; the spectrum of neurological diseases caused by rickettsial infection; the role of Mycoplasma pneumoniae in human central nervous system disease; and the possible association of Chlamydia pneumoniae and human herpesvirus 6 with multiple sclerosis." Order ALL the reference details at left...
5.	Phototherapy (Light Therapy) 11/01/2002 - "Therapy of circadian rhythm disorders in chronic fatigue syndrome: no symptomatic improvement with melatonin or phototherapy." Order ALL the reference details at left...

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