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Tropical Spastic Paraparesis (Tropical Spastic Paraplegia)

A subacute paralytic myeloneuropathy occurring endemically in tropical areas such as the Caribbean, Colombia, India, and Africa, as well as in the southwestern region of Japan; associated with infection by HUMAN T-CELL LEUKEMIA VIRUS I. Clinical manifestations include a slowly progressive spastic weakness of the legs, increased reflexes, Babinski signs, incontinence, and loss of vibratory and position sensation. On pathologic examination inflammatory, demyelination, and necrotic lesions may be found in the spinal cord. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1239)
Also Known As:
Tropical Spastic Paraplegia; Paraparesis, Tropical Spastic; Familial Spastic Paraparesis, Htlv-1-Associated; HTLV I Associated Myelopathies; HTLV-I-Associated Myelopathy-Tropical Spastic Paraparesis; Human T-Lymphotropic Virus Type 1 Associated Myelopathy; Myelopathies, HTLV I Associated; Myelopathy, Htlv-1-Associated; Myelopathy, Human T-Lymphotropic Virus Type 1 Associated; Paraplegia, Tropical Spastic; Familial Spastic Paraparesis, Htlv 1 Associated; HTLV I Associated Myelopathy; HTLV I Associated Myelopathy Tropical Spastic Paraparesis; HTLV-I-Associated Myelopathies; Htlv-1-Associated Myelopathies; Htlv-1-Associated Myelopathy; Human T Lymphotropic Virus Type 1 Associated Myelopathy; Myelopathies, HTLV-I-Associated; Myelopathies, Htlv-1-Associated; Myelopathy, HTLV-I-Associated; Myelopathy, Htlv 1 Associated; Myelopathy, Human T Lymphotropic Virus Type 1 Associated; Parapareses, Tropical Spastic; Paraplegias, Tropical Spastic; Spastic Parapareses, Tropical; Spastic Paraparesis, Tropical; Spastic Paraplegia, Tropical; Spastic Paraplegias, Tropical; Tropical Spastic Parapareses; Tropical Spastic Paraplegias; HTLV-I-Associated Myelopathy
Networked: 493 relevant articles (21 outcomes, 32 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1. Spinal Cord Diseases
2. Tropical Spastic Paraparesis (Tropical Spastic Paraplegia)
3. T-Cell Leukemia (Leukemia, T Cell)
4. Adult T-Cell Leukemia-Lymphoma (Leukemia Lymphoma, T Cell, Acute, HTLV I Associated)
5. Glioma (Gliomas)

Experts

1. Saito, Mineki: 19 articles (01/2020 - 04/2003)
2. Izumo, Shuji: 18 articles (01/2020 - 01/2002)
3. Osame, Mitsuhiro: 17 articles (04/2008 - 01/2002)
4. Nakamura, Tatsufumi: 16 articles (07/2021 - 04/2002)
5. Yamano, Yoshihisa: 14 articles (12/2022 - 01/2002)
6. Rafatpanah, Houshang: 14 articles (01/2021 - 09/2012)
7. Taylor, Graham P: 13 articles (12/2022 - 05/2002)
8. Tanaka, Yuetsu: 13 articles (12/2019 - 05/2002)
9. Usuku, Koichiro: 13 articles (03/2008 - 04/2003)
10. Bangham, Charles R M: 12 articles (02/2021 - 05/2002)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Tropical Spastic Paraparesis:
1. Interferon-alpha (Interferon Alfa)IBA
2. InterferonsIBA
3. Prednisolone (Predate)FDA LinkGeneric
4. prosultiamineIBA
5. CytokinesIBA
6. Messenger RNA (mRNA)IBA
12/01/2004 - "Increased mRNA expression of Th1-cytokine signaling molecules in patients with HTLV-I-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis."
12/01/2002 - "This review focuses on current approaches to understanding the immunopathogenesis of human T cell lymphotropic virus (HTLV) type I-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) based on newly developed molecular and immunologic techniques that have been adapted to studies of HTLV-I proviral load, HTLV-I mRNA, and HTLV-I tax-specific CD8 T cells. "
05/01/1994 - "In order to evaluate the expression of HTLV-1 and its effects in the lung, we examined the expression of mRNA for the HTLV-1 tax/rex gene in fresh bronchoalveolar lavage cells (BALC) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of 23 seropositive individuals, including six patients with HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP), by use of an improved method of reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). "
02/19/2009 - "We quantified the HBZ and tax mRNA expression levels in peripheral blood from 56 HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) patients, 10 ATL patients, 38 healthy asymptomatic carriers (HCs) and 20 normal uninfected controls, as well as human leukemic T-cell lines and HTLV-1-infected T-cell lines, and the data were correlated with clinical parameters. "
04/27/2016 - "Human T cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) basic leucine zipper factor (HBZ), which is encoded by a minus strand mRNA, is thought to play important roles in the development of adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) and HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). "
7. Adrenal Cortex Hormones (Corticosteroids)IBA
8. Pentoxifylline (Trental)FDA LinkGeneric
9. Ascorbic Acid (Vitamin C)FDA LinkGeneric
10. Valproic Acid (Depakote)FDA LinkGeneric

Therapies and Procedures

1. Therapeutics
2. Physical Therapy Modalities (Physical Therapy Technique)
3. Plasmapheresis
4. Oral Administration
5. Blood Transfusion (Blood Transfusions)