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Low Vision (Subnormal Vision)

Vision considered to be inferior to normal vision as represented by accepted standards of acuity, field of vision, or motility. Low vision generally refers to visual disorders that are caused by diseases that cannot be corrected by refraction (e.g., MACULAR DEGENERATION; RETINITIS PIGMENTOSA; DIABETIC RETINOPATHY, etc.).
Also Known As:
Subnormal Vision; Vision, Low; Vision, Diminished; Diminished Vision; Reduced Vision; Vision, Reduced; Vision, Subnormal
Networked: 804 relevant articles (61 outcomes, 81 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1. Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)
2. Macular Degeneration (Age-Related Maculopathy)
3. Macular Edema
4. Refractive Errors (Refractive Error)
5. Blindness (Hysterical Blindness)

Experts

1. Massof, Robert W: 10 articles (10/2019 - 09/2002)
2. Wittich, Walter: 9 articles (01/2022 - 12/2013)
3. Markowitz, Samuel N: 8 articles (01/2022 - 06/2006)
4. Legge, Gordon E: 7 articles (12/2020 - 01/2013)
5. Warren, Mary: 7 articles (09/2018 - 01/2007)
6. Lorenzini, Marie-Céline: 6 articles (01/2021 - 01/2018)
7. Stelmack, Joan A: 6 articles (10/2019 - 09/2002)
8. Peli, Eli: 5 articles (10/2021 - 04/2002)
9. Dagnelie, Gislin: 5 articles (11/2020 - 06/2009)
10. Gopalakrishnan, Sarika: 4 articles (03/2020 - 10/2017)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Low Vision:
1. Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A (Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor)IBA
10/01/2015 - "To assess the effect of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor treatment on visual acuity outcome in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration presenting with very low vision. "
04/01/2014 - "RESULTS Among beneficiaries newly diagnosed as having exudative ARMD, the introduction of anti-VEGF therapy reduced vision loss by 41% (95% CI, 52%-68%) and onset of severe vision loss and blindness by 46% (95% CI, 47%-63%). "
07/01/2015 - "Patients were considered for FMT if they had low vision in the fellow eye and choroidal neovascularization (CNV) along with (1) no response to vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibitors, (2) retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) tear, (3) subretinal hemorrhage, (4) foveal scar tissue of recent onset, or (5) CNV before the availability of VEGF inhibitors. "
07/10/2023 - "Logistic regression analysis showed that intraoperative silicone oil filling and postoperative complication were significant risk factors for postoperative low vision, while preoperative pseudophakic lens and postoperative intra vitreal injection of anti-VEGF were protective factors for vision recovery (p < 0.05). "
01/01/2023 - "The clinical effectiveness rate was defined as the primary outcome, and the TCM symptom score, Chinese-Version Low Vision Quality of Life Questionnaire (CLVQOL) scores, macular thickness, hemorrhagic spot area, vascular endothelial growth factor levels, platelet-derived growth factor levels, and the incidence of adverse effects were the secondary outcome. "
2. Retinaldehyde (Retinal)IBA
3. Fluorescein (Funduscein)FDA LinkGeneric
4. Ranibizumab (Lucentis)FDA Link
5. Fluconazole (Zonal)FDA LinkGeneric
6. afliberceptIBA
7. Adrenal Cortex Hormones (Corticosteroids)IBA
8. A-factor (Streptomyces)IBA
9. LipidsIBA
10. Acetazolamide (Diamox)FDA LinkGeneric
01/01/2020 - "Four and a half years later, she presented with headaches, reduced vision and clinical findings of papilloedema.  Cerebrospinal fluid analysis revealed a high opening pressure of 37cmH20 and neuroimaging was otherwise unremarkable.  Treatment with a reduced dose of oral acetazolamide resulted in symptomatic relief of headaches, and resolution of optic nerve swelling. "
11/01/2022 - "Outcomes examined were headache, tinnitus, blindness/low vision, optic nerve sheath fenestration (ONSF), cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) shunt, and use of medications (acetazolamide, methazolamide, furosemide, topiramate, tricyclic antidepressants, and valproate) for IIH. "
02/01/2015 - "PHARMACOLOGICAL TREATMENT: Depending on the pathophysiology of different types of nystagmus, several drugs were effective in clinical application (off-label use): (i) gabapentin (non-selective GABAergic and anti-glutamatergic effect): up to 2400 mg/d in infantile nystagmus, acquired pendular nystagmus and oculopalatal tremor, (ii) nemantine (anti-glutamatergic effect): dosage up to 40 mg/d in infantile nystagmus, also in acquired pendular nystagmus and oculopalatal tremor, (iii) baclofen (GABA-B-receptor agonist): 3 × 5-10 mg/d in periodic alternating nystagmus and in upbeat nystagmus, (iv) 4-aminopyridine (non-selective blocker of voltage-gated potassium channels): 3 × 5 mg/d or 1-2 × 10 mg Fampridin in downbeat nystagmus and upbeat nystagmus, (v) acetazolamide (carbonic anhydrase inhibitor): in hereditary episodic ataxia type 2. OPTICAL DEVICES: (i) Contact lenses are used in infantile nystagmus in order to overcome negative effects of eye glasses in abnormal head posture, lateral gaze, and higher refractive errors, (ii) spectacle prisms are useful to induce an artificial exophoria (base-out prisms) or to shift an excentric null zone (base in direction of head posture) of infantile nystagmus with abnormal head posture, (iii) low vision aids may be necessary and should be prescribed according to magnification requirements."

Therapies and Procedures

1. Eyeglasses (Spectacles)
2. Contact Lenses
3. Therapeutics
4. Lenses
5. Psychology Biofeedback (Biofeedback)