Velopharyngeal Insufficiency

Failure of the SOFT PALATE to reach the posterior pharyngeal wall to close the opening between the oral and nasal cavities. Incomplete velopharyngeal closure is primarily related to surgeries (ADENOIDECTOMY; CLEFT PALATE) or an incompetent PALATOPHARYNGEAL SPHINCTER. It is characterized by hypernasal speech.

Also Known As:

Networked: 273 relevant articles (12 outcomes, 32 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Cleft Palate (Palate, Cleft)
2.	Nasal Obstruction
3.	Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)
4.	Cleft Lip (Harelip)
5.	Fistula

Experts

1.	Pegoraro-Krook, Maria Inês: 4 articles (03/2022 - 11/2007)
2.	Abdel-Aziz, Mosaad: 4 articles (05/2018 - 10/2009)
3.	White, David R: 3 articles (01/2017 - 04/2010)
4.	Hartnick, Christopher J: 3 articles (12/2015 - 07/2010)
5.	Kjøll, Lillian: 3 articles (03/2013 - 09/2005)
6.	Shi, Bing: 2 articles (01/2022 - 06/2010)
7.	Flores, Roberto L: 2 articles (05/2021 - 03/2018)
8.	Sell, Debbie: 2 articles (09/2020 - 07/2016)
9.	Filip, C: 2 articles (08/2019 - 12/2018)
10.	Hide, Ø: 2 articles (08/2019 - 12/2018)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Velopharyngeal Insufficiency:

1.	Botulinum Toxins (Botulinum Toxin)IBA 04/01/2022 - "First-line treatment is botulinum toxin injection into the levator veli palatini and tensor veli palatini muscles, with velopharyngeal insufficiency being its main adverse effect. "
2.	AllodermIBA 11/01/2019 - "Novel treatment for mild and moderate velopharyngeal insufficiency using implantable AlloDerm for posterior pharyngeal wall augmentation and review of surgical repair techniques." 11/01/2019 - "Ultimately, implantable AlloDerm for posterior pharyngeal wall augmentation is a useful, low risk method for treating mild to moderate velopharyngeal insufficiency." 11/01/2019 - "This paper presents four patients with mild or moderate velopharyngeal insufficiency who were treated with implantable AlloDerm in the posterior pharyngeal wall at a large, safety-net hospital in New England from 2000 to 2019. " 11/01/2019 - "This case series describes a novel technique using implantable AlloDerm to repair the posterior pharyngeal wall to treat mild and moderate velopharyngeal insufficiency. "
3.	Polytetrafluoroethylene (Teflon)FDA Link 01/01/1982 - "A long term study on treating velopharyngeal insufficiency by teflon injection." 04/01/1986 - "From 1967 to 1974 a clinical trial of Teflon injection into the posterior pharyngeal wall for correction of velopharyngeal incompetence (VPI) was conducted in thirty-six patients. " 11/01/1985 - "After a teflon injection into the submucosa of the posterior pharyngeal wall in a child, a corrective operative procedure was carried out eight years later because of severe open nasality due to velopharyngeal incompetence. " 11/01/1967 - "Improvement of velopharyngeal insufficiency by teflon injection." 08/01/1966 - "Teflon injection to improve velopharyngeal insufficiency."
4.	Polyethylene (Polythene)IBA 05/01/2008 - "In the current study, we evaluated the efficiency of using porous polyethylene implant to correct velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI) in young adult patients. " 05/01/2008 - "Use of porous polyethylene implant for augmentation of the posterior pharynx in young adult patients with borderline velopharyngeal insufficiency."
5.	dextranomer-hyaluronic acid copolymerIBA 06/01/2015 - "A consecutive series of patients with velopharyngeal insufficiency treated with dextranomer/hyaluronic acid copolymer were included in this study. " 06/01/2015 - "We studied the imaging appearance of dextranomer/hyaluronic acid copolymer implants in patients treated for velopharyngeal insufficiency. " 06/01/2015 - "Dextranomer/hyaluronic acid copolymer implants are used in treating velopharyngeal insufficiency. " 06/01/2015 - "Imaging appearance of dextranomer/hyaluronic acid copolymer implant injections for treatment of velopharyngeal insufficiency."
6.	arginine thiazolidinecarboxylate (ATCA)IBA 01/01/2022 - "The aim of this study was to retrospectively estimate intervention outcomes and to establish suitable indications for autogenous tiered cartilage augmentation (ATCA) of the posterior pharyngeal wall for velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI). "
7.	6-chloro-2-(1-piperazinyl)pyrazine (CPP)IBA 11/01/2014 - "The purpose of this study is to survey the cepstral peak prominence (CPP) of vowel sounds and to compare objective data obtained from patients with velopharyngeal insufficiency after cleft palate surgery with objective data of those with normal healthy controls using acoustic analyzer. "
8.	brassIBA 01/01/2017 - "Stress velopharyngeal insufficiency (SVPI) is an uncommon but often career-threatening condition affecting professional brass and woodwind musicians. " 01/01/2017 - "Injection Pharyngoplasty With Autologous Fat as Treatment for Stress Velopharyngeal Insufficiency in Brass and Woodwind Musicians." 12/01/2015 - "Stress velopharyngeal incompetence (SVPI) commonly affects brass and wind musicians. " 07/01/2012 - "Stress velopharyngeal incompetence (SVPI) is a special form of velopharyngeal incompetence observed in musicians who play wind and brass instruments. " 10/01/2011 - "Velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI) is a disorder in which air leaks out through the nose, reducing performance quality and capacity in wind and brass players. "
9.	CalciumIBA 01/01/2013 - "We report the case of an 8-year-old boy presenting a hypocalcemic seizure (ionized calcium, 0.65 mM); he had a history of velopharyngeal insufficiency and late development with language impairment; at presentation, minor dysmorphic features were noticed. " 12/01/2012 - "The phenotypic spectrum of VCFS may include cardiac anomalies, velopharyngeal insufficiency, aberrant calcium metabolism, and immune dysfunction. " 05/01/2018 - "Primary augmentation pharyngoplasty with calcium hydroxylapatite for treatment of velopharyngeal insufficiency: Surgical and speech outcomes." 01/01/2015 - "A retrospective review of children undergoing calcium hydroxylapatite injection pharyngoplasty for persistent velopharyngeal insufficiency after sphincter pharyngoplasty was performed. " 01/01/2015 - "Calcium Hydroxylapatite Injection for Persistent Velopharyngeal Insufficiency after Sphincter Pharyngoplasty."
10.	Durapatite (Hydroxylapatite)IBA 10/17/2023 - "In this case, a patient with a cleft palate who was treated for velopharyngeal insufficiency with calcium hydroxyapatite injection pharyngoplasty developed persistent cervical pain on postoperative day 6. CT imaging showed a hypodense structure in the right retropharyngeal tissue, and cultures tested positive for Streptococcus intermedius and Staphylococcus aureus. " 10/17/2023 - "Mitigating Infectious Complications of Injection Pharyngoplasty with Calcium Hydroxyapatite for Velopharyngeal Insufficiency: Retropharyngeal Abscess and Osteomyelitis." 05/01/2018 - "Primary augmentation pharyngoplasty with calcium hydroxylapatite for treatment of velopharyngeal insufficiency: Surgical and speech outcomes." 01/01/2015 - "A retrospective review of children undergoing calcium hydroxylapatite injection pharyngoplasty for persistent velopharyngeal insufficiency after sphincter pharyngoplasty was performed. " 01/01/2015 - "Calcium Hydroxylapatite Injection for Persistent Velopharyngeal Insufficiency after Sphincter Pharyngoplasty."

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Prostheses and Implants (Prosthesis) 07/01/2002 - "The described treatment protocol also seemed to be effective for correcting velopharyngeal insufficiency in patients using an obturator prosthesis." 11/01/1990 - "Two of three patients with velopharyngeal incompetence did achieve adequate improvement in speech following placement of a speech appliance in combination with maxillary obturator prostheses." 11/01/1990 - "In the latter, insufficient improvement in speech intelligibility was attributed to velopharyngeal incompetence or unstable prosthesis. " 03/01/2022 - "The use of the pharyngeal bulb prosthesis is an effective approach to eliminate hypernasality related to velopharyngeal insufficiency." 03/01/2022 - "All patients were fitted with a pharyngeal bulb prosthesis to manage velopharyngeal insufficiency while they were awaiting corrective surgery to be scheduled. "
2.	Speech Therapy (Therapy, Speech) 12/01/2011 - "[A preliminary study on speech therapy for marginal velopharyngeal insufficiency]." 05/01/2017 - "Velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI) is usually managed, besides speech therapy, by performing a velopharyngoplasty. " 12/01/2015 - "We reviewed the outcomes of patients who underwent a velopharyngoplasty and subsequent speech therapy for velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI) to determine possible prognostic variables. " 01/01/2015 - "For patients with velopharyngeal insufficiency, prosthetic speech appliances and speech therapy are applied first, and then pharyngeal flap surgery to improve velopharyngeal function is performed in our hospital. " 05/01/2013 - "Age at repair did not affect velopharyngeal insufficiency outcome; however, repair after 18 months of age led to a higher likelihood of developing articulatory speech errors resulting in the need for more speech therapy.In"
3.	Operative Surgical Procedures 06/01/2010 - "Our surgical procedure in this study corrected the velopharyngeal insufficiency and improved the articulation of the patients over six years old significantly." 01/01/2021 - "Most patients in this study developed after palatal repair speech problems with an increased rate of secondary surgical procedures needed for correction of velopharyngeal insufficiency. " 09/01/2005 - "The aim of this trial was to compare the relative effectiveness (efficacy and morbidity) of two surgical procedures for correcting velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI). " 01/01/2022 - "Posterior pharyngeal flap palatoplasty (PPF) is one of the most commonly used surgical procedures to correct speech, especially for patients suffering from velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI). " 05/01/2018 - "Velopharyngeal surgical procedures may have adverse effect on the airway of the patients with velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI). "
4.	Adenoidectomy 10/01/2009 - "We aimed in this study to identify the causes of persistent post-adenoidectomy velopharyngeal insufficiency and to assess the efficacy of sphincter pharyngoplasty in the treatment of such problem. " 09/01/2022 - "To assess the efficacy of posterior pharyngeal wall augmentation using septal or conchal cartilages with other bulks-according to the persistent gap and the individual anatomy of each patient-in improving velopharyngeal function in patients who acquired persistent velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI) post-adenoidectomy. " 03/01/2020 - "This study aimed to explore the aetiological factors contributing to the development of velopharyngeal insufficiency in a non-cleft paediatric population, especially following adenoidectomy. " 11/01/1995 - "The aim of the present study was to identify the cause of velopharyngeal incompetence and hypernasality after adenoidectomy in children who did not have palatal defect as a predisposing factor. " 09/01/2022 - "Posterior pharyngeal wall augmentation in post-adenoidectomy velopharyngeal insufficiency."
5.	Therapeutics 12/01/2011 - "To investigate the feature and therapy of patients with marginal velopharyngeal insufficiency(MVPI). " 04/01/2011 - "Prospective evaluation of the outcome of velopharyngeal insufficiency therapy after pharyngeal flap, a sphincter pharyngoplasty, a double Z-plasty and simultaneous Orticochea and Furlow operations." 01/01/2010 - "A 1-stage Furlow operation and sphincter pharyngoplasty are an effective modality in the therapy of velopharyngeal insufficiency. " 01/01/2010 - "The aim of the prospective study was to evaluate the effectiveness of therapy in patients with velopharyngeal insufficiency treated by simultaneously performed Furlow and Orticochea operations. " 01/01/2010 - "Prospective evaluation of the outcome of velopharyngeal insufficiency therapy after simultaneous double z-plasty and sphincter pharyngoplasty."