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Urticaria (Hives)

A vascular reaction of the skin characterized by erythema and wheal formation due to localized increase of vascular permeability. The causative mechanism may be allergy, infection, or stress.

Also Known As:

Hives; Urticarias

Networked: 3526 relevant articles (261 outcomes, 310 trials/studies) for this Disease, Comments

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Rhinitis
2.	Pruritus (Itching)
3.	Atopic Dermatitis (Atopic Eczema)
4.	Angioedema
5.	Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis (Hay Fever)

Experts

1.	Asero, R: 22 articles (06/2010 - 08/2000)
2.	Nettis, E: 17 articles (09/2009 - 01/2001)
3.	Ferrannini, A: 16 articles (04/2007 - 01/2001)
4.	Tedeschi, A: 15 articles (06/2010 - 05/2001)
5.	Park, Hae-Sim: 15 articles (05/2010 - 12/2005)
6.	Asero, Riccardo: 15 articles (01/2010 - 05/2002)
7.	Zuberbier, T: 14 articles (04/2010 - 05/2000)
8.	Kim, Seung-Hyun: 13 articles (05/2010 - 06/2005)
9.	Tursi, A: 13 articles (04/2007 - 01/2001)
10.	Lorini, M: 12 articles (06/2010 - 05/2001)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Urticaria:

1.	Histamine Antagonists (Antihistamines)IBA 01/01/2009 - "Treatment and management of chronic urticaria can be non-pharmacological and pharmacological, and sometimes it is not possible to control the disease with antihistamines only, which are considered to be the mainstay of treatment. " 11/01/1994 - "For the majority of patients with chronic idiopathic urticaria, nonsedating antihistamines are the mainstay of treatment. " 08/01/2003 - "We also examined the responses of MoDCs from 13 patients with chronic urticaria to these antihistamines, and compared the in vitro efficacy with the actual clinical response to antihistamines evaluated by patient and physician assessments. " 01/01/2003 - "In our experience, remission of urticarial symptoms can be achieved in 20-50% of chronic urticaria patients unresponsive to antihistamines alone. " 02/28/2002 - "Non-sedative antihistamines are the drugs of choice in urticaria and generally provide substantial symptom relief until spontaneous remission occurs." Order ALL the reference details at left...
2.	Cetirizine (Zyrtec)FDA LinkGeneric 07/01/2001 - "CONCLUSIONS: The results of the present study suggest that cetirizine may represent an effective and safe pharmacologic therapy for chronic urticaria in preschool children. " 08/01/2008 - "Cetirizine as an initial treatment for chronic urticaria appears effective and safe. " 05/01/1991 - "The efficacy of cetirizine dihydrochloride, a new H1-antagonist claimed to have minimal sedative property was evaluated in 28 patients with chronic idiopathic urticaria. " 07/01/1988 - "The efficacy of cetirizine dihydrochloride, a new H1-antagonist with minimal sedative or anticholinergic side effects was evaluated in 30 patients with chronic idiopathic urticaria. " 03/01/1995 - "In order to examine the efficacy of cetirizine in cholinergic urticaria, we studied 24 patients in a double-blind crossover design during 3-week treatment periods, with either 10 or 20 mg/d cetirizine or placebo. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
3.	Histamine (Histamine Dihydrochloride)IBA 05/01/2000 - "Recent studies suggest that histamine H2-receptor antagonists may be useful in the treatment of urticaria. " 01/01/1989 - "These results suggest that alpha-FMH may be useful in the treatment of severe cold urticaria especially in combination with histamine exhaustion of mast cells using cold water." 11/01/2009 - "As for urticaria, the use of oral histamine H1-receptor antagonists is the first line treatment, regardless of the groups, provided that sufficient efforts to eliminate the cause and/or aggravating factors are taken. " 11/01/1990 - "These findings demonstrate a prolongation of skin responses to histamine in patients with urticaria and suggest an impaired clearance of histamine (or other vasoactive agents released by histamine) from the skin of these patients." 07/01/2001 - "NSAID intolerance in chronic idiopathic urticaria: A study of its relationship with histamine-releasing activity of patients' sera." Order ALL the reference details at left...
4.	AstemizoleIBA 11/15/1986 - "Astemizole proved in this study to be a very effective antihistamine being able to achieve good results even in hard to cure cases like cold urticaria. " 05/01/1988 - "Astemizole is very effective in patients with chronic urticaria. " 09/01/1990 - "A double-blind clinical trial of 51 patients with chronic idiopathic urticaria using oral astemizole for 8 weeks demonstrated significant improvement in symptoms and lesions in 75% of treated patients versus 20% in the placebo group. " 12/01/1986 - "This double-blind study evaluated the safety and efficacy of astemizole in the treatment of chronic idiopathic urticaria (more than or equal to 3 months). " 04/01/1987 - "Astemizole seems to be a useful treatment for chronic urticaria in pediatrics." Order ALL the reference details at left...
5.	Terfenadine (Seldane)IBA 12/01/1985 - "Terfenadine, a potent and non-sedative antihistamine, was shown to be effective in chronic idiopathic urticaria in a double-blind crossover placebo controlled trial. " 03/01/1988 - "Terfenadine is a useful therapeutic agent for primary management of chronic idiopathic urticaria." 09/01/1989 - "The objective of these three double-blind multi-centre studies was to determine whether terfenadine 120 mg once daily has similar efficacy and tolerability as the standard dosage of 60 mg twice daily in the treatment of chronic urticaria. " 08/01/1987 - "A double-blind placebo controlled study of terfenadine in the treatment of chronic idiopathic urticaria." 04/01/1993 - "Treatment of solar urticaria with terfenadine." Order ALL the reference details at left...
6.	desloratadine (Aerius)FDA Link 03/01/2009 - "Desloratadine, a non-sedating, second-generation H(1)-receptor antagonist, is an effective and well-tolerated treatment for chronic idiopathic urticaria (CIU). " 12/01/2004 - "Desloratadine, an oral non-sedating antihistamine, has been shown in multiple studies to be safe and effective in relieving the symptoms of AR and chronic idiopathic urticaria (CIU) in adults and adolescents. " 01/01/2010 - "The aim of this investigation was to evaluate the safety, tolerability and efficacy of desloratadine 5 mg once daily in four postmarketing surveillance studies in subjects with seasonal AR (SAR) or chronic idiopathic urticaria (CIU) in real-world clinical practice settings. " 03/01/2009 - "Safety and efficacy of desloratadine in chronic idiopathic urticaria in clinical practice: an observational study of 9246 patients." 03/01/2009 - "This study supports current guidelines that increased desloratadine dosing might benefit patients with urticaria who do not respond to standard doses." Order ALL the reference details at left...
7.	Hydroxyzine (Vistaril)FDA LinkGeneric 08/01/2000 - "It is assumed that hydroxyzine hydrochloride may have caused his urticaria." 08/01/2000 - "We report a case of acute urticaria probably caused by hydroxyzine hydrochloride. " 01/01/1999 - "The impression was probable cholinergic urticaria, for which hydroxyzine was prescribed with fair symptomatic control. " 08/01/1992 - "Twenty-five patients in the placebo group had a reaction (mainly urticaria); only two patients in the hydroxyzine group had a reaction (P less than .0001; odds ratio, 14.1). " 02/01/1979 - "The urticaria could also be suprressed with Atarax." Order ALL the reference details at left...
8.	Immunoglobulin E (IgE)IBA 04/01/2005 - "This study suggests that IgE-mediated reactions play a role in the pathogenesis of urticaria." 01/01/1983 - "[Study of the percentage of T and B lymphocytes and the IgE levels in physical urticaria]" 08/01/2010 - "Solar urticaria is a rare immunoglobulin E-mediated photodermatosis characterized by the development of a pathognomic wheal and flare within minutes of photoexposure. " 07/01/2010 - "RESULTS: The results revealed that patients with 2-5 years of papular urticaria evidenced more IgE bands than those with shorter or longer durations of symptoms. " 09/01/2009 - "Cultured peripheral blood mast cells from chronic idiopathic urticaria patients spontaneously degranulate upon IgE sensitization: Relationship to expression of Syk and SHIP-2." Order ALL the reference details at left...
9.	Cyclosporine (Ciclosporin)FDA LinkGeneric 10/01/2007 - "Cyclosporin is also effective and can be used in selected cases of autoimmune urticaria, and it is also effective in non-autoimmune cases, although less so." 08/01/2004 - "BACKGROUND: Despite the disabling nature of chronic urticaria (CU), little is known about the disease's duration or the efficacy of adopting aggressive therapeutic regimens such as cyclosporine A. " 06/01/2004 - "OBJECTIVE: In a limited number of severe chronic idiopathic urticaria patients, cyclosporine A (CsA) therapy was found to be effective. " 01/01/2003 - "This type of treatment has a corticosteroid-sparing effect and is also generally effective in patients with severe, unremitting urticaria, but requires careful monitoring of cyclosporine plasma concentration and possible adverse effects. " 03/01/1997 - "In a limited number of severe chronic idiopathic urticaria (CIU) patients, low-dose cyclosporin A (CsA) treatment was found to be effective. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
10.	Loratadine (Alavert)FDA Link 02/01/1990 - "We concluded that loratadine, 10 mg, once daily is a safe and effective treatment for symptomatic relief of chronic idiopathic urticaria." 12/01/1996 - "Safety and efficacy of loratadine in urticaria." 04/04/1994 - "This study aimed at evaluating loratadine efficiency versus placebo in the treatment of patients with chronic urticaria. " 01/01/2005 - "OTC product: Loratadine for urticaria." 03/01/1997 - "Loratadine in the treatment of urticaria." Order ALL the reference details at left...

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Immunotherapy 12/09/2009 - "Remission of chronic urticaria in the course of house dust mite immunotherapy--mere coincidence or something more to it?" 12/30/2008 - "OBJECTIVE: To investigate the prevalence of mite sensitivity in patients with urticaria or other skin rashes, and to observe the clinical efficacy of a specific immunotherapy (SIT) by the Injection dermatophagoides farinae for the patients. " 12/30/2008 - "[Urticaria in relation to mite sensitivity and immunotherapy with Injection dermatophagoidei farinae]" 07/01/2008 - "Two years after specific immunotherapy, a patient suffered increasingly from urticaria. " 09/01/2004 - "Local reaction to allergen-specific immunotherapy (SIT) usually appears within 30 minutes, but cases with exercise-induced urticaria at the SIT site 2-3 weeks after the last allergen injection have been reported. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
2.	Intradermal Injections 06/01/2006 - "METHODS: Because an intradermal injection of action spectrum (AS)-irradiated serum in a case of solar urticaria induced a wheal response, we studied the responsiveness of the intradermal injection after an IS irradiation. " 03/01/2005 - "The term chronic autoimmune urticaria (CAIU) is used for chronic urticaria in subjects who present a whealing response to the intradermal injection of autologous serum, suggesting the presence of pathogenic antibody activities. " 09/01/2000 - "BACKGROUND: Intradermal injection of autologous serum elicits a wheal-and-flare response in about 60% of patients with chronic idiopathic urticaria (CIU). " 06/01/1999 - "BACKGROUND: Most patients with chronic idiopathic urticaria (CIU) show cutaneous reactivity to intradermal injection of autologous serum. " 01/01/1998 - "Autoimmune urticaria was diagnosed by the development of a weal-and-flare reaction to the intradermal injection of autologous serum and by serum-induced histamine release from the basophil leucocytes of healthy donors in vitro. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
3.	Aftercare (After-Treatment) 03/01/2001 - "In addition, hives were weighed before as well as during the study and cluster counts were conducted at each hive to determine colony strength before and after treatment. " 02/01/2010 - "Four days after treatment initiation, the patient presented to the Emergency Department with acute generalized urticaria and facial and throat swelling. " 01/01/2009 - "Our observations point towards decays of overall colony vitality for several hives a couple of weeks after treatment, as indicated by a set of carefully assessed parameters including the total amount of active and dead bees, total surface of capped brood and overall colony weight. " 01/01/2009 - "14 days after treatment, 3 hives per thesis were inspected in order to verify the status of the colonies (adults, larvae, eggs, pollen). " 02/01/2007 - "Increases in colony-forming unit (cfu) density per bee were observed in all treatments but were significantly higher among bees from treated hives than control hives for at least a week after treatment. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
4.	Plasmapheresis 12/01/2008 - "The diagnosis of refractory chronic urticaria was made and double-filtration plasmapheresis (DFPP) was performed. " 12/01/2008 - "A case report of double-filtration plasmapheresis for the resolution of refractory chronic urticaria." 04/01/1993 - "Combined treatment of solar urticaria with plasmapheresis and PUVA." 05/02/1992 - "Plasmapheresis for severe, unremitting, chronic urticaria." 01/01/1991 - "It is suggested that some patients with solar urticaria, probably those with a circulating photoallergen, may benefit from plasmapheresis." Order ALL the reference details at left...
5.	Phototherapy (Light Therapy) 01/01/1985 - "The good results achieved during the phototherapy held during the summer but in the autumn urticaria became worse in one third of the cases. " 01/01/2008 - "Data regarding narrowband ultraviolet B (NB-UVB) phototherapy in patients with chronic urticaria is limited. " 01/01/2008 - "Treatment of chronic urticaria with narrowband ultraviolet B phototherapy: a randomized controlled trial." 01/01/2004 - "Narrow-band (TL-01) ultraviolet B phototherapy for chronic urticaria." 03/01/1998 - "We report an unusual case of localized solar urticaria which progressed on each occasion to polymorphic light eruption (PLE); this was initially noted following provocation by narrow band ultraviolet B (311-313 nm) phototherapy." Order ALL the reference details at left...

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