Tyramine

An indirect sympathomimetic that occurs naturally in cheese and other foods. Tyramine does not directly activate adrenergic receptors, but it can serve as a substrate for adrenergic uptake systems and MONOAMINE OXIDASE to prolong the actions of adrenergic transmitters. It also provokes transmitter release from adrenergic terminals and may be a neurotransmitter in some invertebrate nervous systems.

Also Known As:

Networked: 552 relevant articles (19 outcomes, 46 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Bio-Agent Context: Research Results

Experts

1.	Carpéné, Christian: 6 articles (05/2022 - 10/2005)
2.	D'Andrea, Giovanni: 5 articles (01/2019 - 05/2008)
3.	D'Andrea, G: 5 articles (05/2017 - 05/2003)
4.	Goldstein, David S: 5 articles (02/2016 - 10/2004)
5.	Leon, Alberta: 4 articles (01/2019 - 07/2012)
6.	Berg, Torill: 4 articles (01/2017 - 09/2005)
7.	Holmes, Courtney: 4 articles (02/2016 - 09/2008)
8.	Rosenmeier, Jaya B: 3 articles (01/2018 - 05/2011)
9.	Kurisawa, Motoichi: 3 articles (10/2017 - 03/2013)
10.	Perini, F: 3 articles (05/2017 - 10/2004)

Related Diseases

1.	Depressive Disorder (Melancholia) 07/01/1984 - "This study replicates and extends those findings by showing that within the heterogeneous group of unipolar depressives, patients with melancholia and bipolar patients with a history of melancholia manifest a tyramine excretion deficit. " 01/01/1996 - "There is considerable evidence that subjects vulnerable to endogenous depression excrete less tyramine sulphate after an oral dose of free tyramine than controls (the tyramine test). " 12/01/1993 - "Abnormally low tyramine test values are known to be markers for vulnerability to unipolar, but not bipolar, endogenous depression. " 09/01/1992 - "There were no significant differences in tyramine sulphate excretion following tyramine ingestion between elderly depressed, demented or control patient groups, in contrast with younger subjects where this test is a trait marker for unipolar endogenous depression. " 01/01/1992 - "The tyramine conjugation test as a trait marker for endogenous unipolar depression and a predictor of treatment response."
2.	Tachycardia (Tachyarrhythmias) 05/06/1996 - "Depletion of monoamines markedly reduced resting arterial pressure and heart rate and significantly attenuated the pressor response and tachycardia elicited by tyramine (1 mg/kg, i.v.). " 01/01/2014 - "SR59230A reduced tyramine-induced tachycardia in normotensive rats, and prevented down-regulation of the tyramine-induced rise in resistance in hypertensive rats. " 06/01/2008 - "Norepinephrine was elevated in p75-/- atria, but stimulating norepinephrine release with tyramine produced less tachycardia in p75-/- mice than wild type mice. " 01/22/1999 - "The indirectly acting sympathomimetic agent, tyramine (0.5 mg/kg, i.v.), produced a pressor response and a tachycardia. " 03/01/1988 - "1. The mechanism of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)-induced tachycardia is species-dependent and is mediated directly or indirectly either by '5-HT1-like' (cat), 5-HT2 (rat, dog) or 5-HT3 (rabbit) receptors, or by an action similar to tyramine (guinea-pig). "
3.	Hypertensive Crisis 01/01/2021 - "Irreversible MAOIs cause serious hypertensive crises owing to peripheral accumulation of tyramine, but the role of tyramine in the central effects of MAOIs remains elusive, an issue addressed herein. " 01/01/2011 - "The absorbed tyramine can cause hypertensive crisis, also known as the cheese reaction. " 08/15/2007 - "However, the prescription of MAOIs has decreased considerably as a result of side effects such as tyramine-induced hypertensive crisis, which is also known as the 'Cheese Effect'. " 01/01/2007 - "Although no tyramine-restricted diet is required for the 6-mg/24-hour patch, a restricted diet is recommended for the higher-dose patches to reduce the risk of hypertensive crisis." 01/01/2007 - "No evidence of a tyramine pressor effect on systolic blood pressure or evidence of hypertensive crisis occurred during the STS treatment. "
4.	Infections 05/01/2004 - "Tyramine functions as a toxin in honey bee larvae during Varroa-transmitted infection by Melissococcus pluton." 12/01/2023 - "Additionally, tyramine was found to enhance the efficacy of tetracycline in reducing the infectivity of Burkholderia cenocepacia in Galleria mellonella larvae infection model. " 09/01/1984 - "The effect of an acute infection with Trypanosoma brucei on the reactivity of the rat vas deferens to noradrenaline, tyramine and field stimulation was studied. " 06/01/2017 - "Induced accumulation of tyramine, serotonin, and related amines in response to Bipolaris sorokiniana infection in barley." 04/01/2015 - "Monoamines, such as 5-HT and tyramine (TA), paralyze both free-living and parasitic nematodes when applied exogenously and serotonergic agonists have been used to clear Haemonchus contortus infections in vivo. "
5.	Inflammation (Inflammations) 11/06/2019 - "The relationship between tyramine levels and inflammation in metabolic syndrome." 11/06/2019 - "In addition, tyramine was significantly inversely correlated with multiple biomarkers of inflammation and cardiometabolic risk factors such as RBP4, monocyte TLR-4 abundance and P38MAPKinase activity, body mass index (BMI) and blood pressure (BP) (both systolic and diastolic). " 10/09/2017 - "When injected subcutaneously in mice, HA-EGCG hydrogel was retained much longer than HA-tyramine hydrogel with minimal inflammation." 06/01/2011 - "We propose to enrich fascia ECM with high molecular weight tyramine substituted-hyaluronan (TS-HA) to modulate inflammation associated with implantation and enhance fibroblast infiltration. " 01/01/2021 - "In this study, a human 3D inflammatory cartilage-on-a-chip model was established to test the therapeutic efficacy of anti-TNFα mAb-CS/PAMAM dendrimer NPs loaded-Tyramine-Gellan Gum in the treatment of inflammation. "

Related Drugs and Biologics

1.	Norepinephrine (Noradrenaline)
2.	gellan gum
3.	Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitor)
4.	Hydrogels
5.	Moclobemide (Arima)
6.	Monoamine Oxidase (MAO)
7.	Phenylephrine (Neo-Synephrine)
8.	Vasoconstrictor Agents
9.	Sulfates (Sulfates, Inorganic)
10.	Muscarinic Receptors (Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptor)

Related Therapies and Procedures

1.	Diet Therapy (Therapy, Diet)
2.	Radiotherapy
3.	Lower Body Negative Pressure
4.	Therapeutics
5.	Injections