Toluene 2,4-Diisocyanate (Toluene Diisocyanate)

Skin irritant and allergen used in the manufacture of polyurethane foams and other elastomers.

Also Known As:

Toluene Diisocyanate; Toluene 2,4 Diisocyanate; 2,4-Toluenediisocyanate; 2,4 Toluenediisocyanate; 2,4-Diisocyanate, Toluene; Diisocyanate, Toluene; Diisocyanate, Tolylene; Diisocyanatotoluene; Tolylene Diisocyanate; Benzene, 2,4-diisocyanato-1-methyl-

Networked: 346 relevant articles (9 outcomes, 40 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Bio-Agent Context: Research Results

Organic Chemicals: 133
- Hydrocarbons: 1713
  - Cyclic Hydrocarbons: 97
    - Aromatic Hydrocarbons: 291
      - Benzene Derivatives: 17
        Toluene: 931
        Toluene 2,4-Diisocyanate: 346
        2,6-diisocyanatotoluene: 1
        toluene-4-isocyanate-2-amine
- Isocyanates: 512
  - Toluene 2,4-Diisocyanate: 346
    - 2,6-diisocyanatotoluene: 1
    - toluene-4-isocyanate-2-amine

Experts

1.	Park, Hae-Sim: 15 articles (01/2018 - 07/2003)
2.	Yao, Lihong: 14 articles (01/2021 - 07/2015)
3.	Zhao, Haijin: 12 articles (02/2022 - 06/2013)
4.	Cai, Shaoxi: 11 articles (02/2022 - 06/2013)
5.	Dong, Hangming: 11 articles (02/2022 - 06/2013)
6.	Tang, Haixiong: 10 articles (01/2021 - 06/2013)
7.	Chen, Shuyu: 8 articles (01/2022 - 01/2019)
8.	Vanoirbeek, Jeroen A J: 8 articles (03/2021 - 08/2004)
9.	Chen, Rongchang: 7 articles (01/2022 - 01/2019)
10.	Park, Choon-Sik: 7 articles (01/2022 - 07/2003)

Related Diseases

1.	Asthma (Bronchial Asthma) 05/01/2021 - "Anti-DLL4 ameliorates toluene diisocyanate-induced experimental asthma by inhibiting Th17 response." 01/01/2013 - "Mild improvement in symptoms and pulmonary function in a long-term follow-up of patients with toluene diisocyanate-induced asthma." 12/01/2017 - "This study examines asthma risk in facilities producing toluene diisocyanate (TDI). " 04/01/2002 - "Our previous study reported that more than 50% of toluene diisocyanate (TDI)-induced asthma patients had persistent asthmatic symptoms even after complete avoidance. " 02/01/1996 - "The aim of this study was to investigate whether genetic factors are involved in toluene diisocyanate-induced asthma. "
2.	Inflammation (Inflammations) 07/01/2020 - "The aim of this study was to investigate the role of TLR4 in toluene diisocyanate (TDI)-induced allergic airway inflammation. " 09/01/2012 - "The aim of the study was to analyze certain aspects of the pathogenesis of allergic inflammation in the airways induced by toluene diisocyanate (TDI) in an experimental model in mice. " 12/02/1996 - "Bronchial responsiveness and inflammation in guinea-pigs exposed to toluene diisocyanate: a study on single and repeated exposure." 11/17/2017 - "Epithelial folliculin is involved in airway inflammation in workers exposed to toluene diisocyanate." 01/01/2017 - "Toluene diisocyanate exposure induces airway inflammation of bronchial epithelial cells via the activation of transient receptor potential melastatin 8."
3.	Occupational Asthma 11/01/2020 - "The anonymized data of an epidemiology study on the incidence of toluene diisocyanate (TDI)-related occupational asthma in three US-based TDI production facilities have been reanalyzed to identify where to best focus exposure reduction efforts in industrial practice in order to reduce the risk of sensitization to TDI. " 11/01/2020 - "The anonymized data of an epidemiology study on incidence of toluene diisocyanate (TDI)-related occupational asthma in three US-based TDI production facilities have been reanalyzed to identify where to best focus exposure reduction efforts in industrial practice to reduce the risk of sensitization to TDI. " 12/01/2017 - "The objective of this study was to characterize workplace toluene diisocyanate (TDI) exposures using standardized industrial hygiene exposure assessment procedures for use in a prospective epidemiologic study of occupational asthma. " 03/01/2005 - "Immune mediators in a murine model for occupational asthma: studies with toluene diisocyanate." 12/01/2002 - "Nine longitudinal workplace studies of 2,751 persons under risk allow calculation of incidences of occupational asthma due to toluene diisocyanate. "
4.	Hypersensitivity (Allergy) 10/01/1985 - "Studies on toluene diisocyanate (TDI)-induced delayed type hypersensitivity." 09/01/2018 - "Here, we show that low dose irradiation with 310 nm NB-UVB alleviates nasal symptoms in toluene 2,4-diisocyanate (TDI)-sensitized allergy model rats. " 03/01/2008 - "Brown Norway allergy model rats sensitized to toluene 2,4-diisocyanate (TDI) were developed. " 03/01/2005 - "(1) Make rabbit model with nasal allergic reaction and nasal septum mucosa erosion, by dropping nose with toluene diisocyanate then curettaging front-middle-part of nasal septum mucosa. " 08/01/1998 - "Rats were sensitized by intranasal application of toluene diisocyanate as a nasal allergy model. "
5.	Respiratory Hypersensitivity 06/01/2000 - "The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of airway hyperresponsiveness induced by methylene diphenyldiisocyanate (MDI) and toluene diisocyanate (TDI) at a petrochemical industry complex in Korea. " 06/01/2000 - "Increase in airway hyperresponsiveness among workers exposed to methylene diphenyldiisocyanate compared to workers exposed to toluene diisocyanate at a petrochemical plant in Korea." 04/01/1999 - "Long-term topical exposure to toluene diisocyanate in mice leads to antibody production and in vivo airway hyperresponsiveness three hours after intranasal challenge." 12/01/1997 - "Assessment of respiratory hypersensitivity in guinea pigs sensitized to toluene diisocyanate: improvements on analysis of respiratory response." 12/02/1996 - "The question of whether or not toluene diisocyanate (TDI)-induced airway hyperresponsiveness in the guinea-pig is accompanied by neutrophil influx into bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was addressed. "

Related Drugs and Biologics

1.	Steroids
2.	Interleukin-6 (Interleukin 6)
3.	Catenins
4.	Methacholine Chloride (Methacholine)
5.	Antioxidants
6.	Acetylcysteine (Siran)
7.	XAV939
8.	ICG 001
9.	Caspase 1 (ICE Protease)
10.	Immunoglobulin E (IgE)

Related Therapies and Procedures

1.	Sympathectomy (Sympathectomies)