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Tinnitus

A nonspecific symptom of hearing disorder characterized by the sensation of buzzing, ringing, clicking, pulsations, and other noises in the ear. Objective tinnitus refers to noises generated from within the ear or adjacent structures that can be heard by other individuals. The term subjective tinnitus is used when the sound is audible only to the affected individual. Tinnitus may occur as a manifestation of COCHLEAR DISEASES; VESTIBULOCOCHLEAR NERVE DISEASES; INTRACRANIAL HYPERTENSION; CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA; and other conditions.

Also Known As:

Ringing-Buzzing-Tinnitus; Spontaneous Oto-Acoustic Emission Tinnitus; Tensor Palatini Induced Tinnitus; Tensor Tympani Induced Tinnitus; Tinnitus of Vascular Origin; Tinnitus, Clicking; Tinnitus, Leudet; Tinnitus, Leudet's; Tinnitus, Noise Induced; Tinnitus, Objective; Tinnitus, Spontaneous Oto-Acoustic Emission; Tinnitus, Subjective; Tinnitus, Tensor Palatini Induced; Tinnitus, Tensor Tympani Induced; Vascular Origin Tinnitus; Clicking Tinnitus; Induced Tinnitus, Noise; Leudet Tinnitus; Leudet's Tinnitus; Noise Induced Tinnitus; Objective Tinnitus; Ringing Buzzing Tinnitus; Spontaneous Oto Acoustic Emission Tinnitus; Subjective Tinnitus; Tinnitus, Leudets; Tinnitus, Pulsatile; Tinnitus, Spontaneous Oto Acoustic Emission; Tinnitus, Vascular Origin; Pulsatile Tinnitus

Networked: 1212 relevant articles (165 outcomes, 196 trials/studies) for this Disease, Comments

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Vertigo (Positional Vertigo)
2.	Dizziness (Lightheadedness)
3.	Hearing Loss (Hearing Impairment)
4.	Tinnitus
5.	Meniere Disease (Menieres Disease)

Experts

1.	Langguth, Berthold: 13 articles (12/2009 - 05/2003)
2.	Shulman, Abraham: 11 articles (02/2009 - 01/2002)
3.	Kleinjung, Tobias: 9 articles (01/2009 - 10/2003)
4.	De Ridder, Dirk: 9 articles (09/2008 - 02/2004)
5.	Goldstein, Barbara: 8 articles (02/2009 - 01/2006)
6.	Hajak, Göran: 8 articles (01/2009 - 05/2003)
7.	Van de Heyning, Paul: 7 articles (01/2009 - 02/2004)
8.	Eichhammer, Peter: 7 articles (01/2007 - 05/2003)
9.	Smith, Paul F: 6 articles (03/2010 - 07/2005)
10.	Darlington, Cynthia L: 6 articles (03/2010 - 07/2005)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Tinnitus:

1.	Lidocaine (Xylocaine)FDA LinkGeneric 11/01/1997 - "During a follow-up of 12-44 months, 4 cases treated with lidocaine achieved complete remission; in 3 cases the tinnitus eased off to such an extent that it was no longer regarded as annoying. " 06/01/1983 - "Significant improvement in the tinnitus was seen in 13 patients after lignocaine compared with only 3 patients after saline. " 10/01/2004 - "Review of the literature and the authors' experience suggest the following points regarding intratympanic treatment for tinnitus: 1. Lidocaine, although effective in decreasing tinnitus, has been largely abandoned because of its severe side-effect profile and need for inpatient administration. " 02/01/1980 - "It is shown that intravenous lignocaine is effective in reducing tinnitus, although duration of such effect is short. " 01/01/2004 - "The efficacy of lidocaine in controlling tinnitus is well documented. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
2.	Pentoxifylline (Trental)FDA LinkGeneric 07/01/2001 - "The patient's subjective assessment of the treatment with regard to improvement in hearing and reduction in tinnitus suggested that Ginkgo biloba extract was more beneficial than pentoxifylline. " 01/01/1989 - "Efficacy of oral oxpentifylline in the management of idiopathic tinnitus." 01/01/1989 - "There was no significant difference between the placebo and treatment groups for any of the parameters measured, and, therefore, oxpentifylline cannot be recommended in the management of idiopathic tinnitus." 05/01/1988 - "In addition, symptoms like sleep disturbances, vertigo, and tinnitus improved significantly during the pentoxifylline observation period." 09/01/2000 - "DPOAE-amplitudes did not change in patients without hearing loss after a treatment with Pentoxifylline i.v., also not at the frequency of tinnitus, although there was a subjective reduction of tinnitus. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
3.	Carbamazepine (Tegretol)FDA LinkGeneric 11/01/2008 - "OBJECTIVE: To determine whether carbamazepine is effective in treating the subjective tinnitus. " 11/01/2008 - "RESULT: Completion of treatment, tinnitus loudness matching assessment showed that the efficacy of the carbamazepine group was similar to that of the control group. " 06/01/2009 - "Treatment of subjective tinnitus: a comparative clinical study of intratympanic steroid injection vs. oral carbamazepine." 01/01/1985 - "A double-blind controlled trial on the use of oral carbamazepine in the treatment of tinnitus is reported. " 09/01/1981 - "Tegretol: a double blind trial in tinnitus." Order ALL the reference details at left...
4.	Nortriptyline (Aventyl)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/1993 - "Both active drug and placebo were given for 6 weeks following a dose adjustment phase; the median nightly dose of nortriptyline was 100 mg. The two primary outcome variables were global satisfaction questions: "Has the medication helped you in any way?" and "Has your tinnitus improved?" Sixty-seven percent of nortriptyline patients stated the drug had helped them, versus 40 percent of placebo patients (chi-square = 7.14, p = 0.008). " 01/01/1992 - "Preliminary analysis of global outcome on the first 52 patients reveals that those receiving nortriptyline were more likely to feel that their drug had been helpful (74% vs. 36%, p less than 0.01), but were equally likely to report that their tinnitus was improved (37% vs. 32%, NS). " 11/01/1989 - "To explore further this link between tinnitus and depression, and to investigate the efficacy of treating depression in the treatment of tinnitus, a single-blind, placebo-washout, nonrandomized pilot study of the tricyclic antidepressant nortriptyline (hydrochloride) was undertaken in disabled tinnitus patients who also met diagnostic criteria for major depression. " 10/11/1993 - "OBJECTIVE: To determine whether the antidepressant, nortriptyline, is effective for treatment of depression, tinnitus-related disability, and tinnitus symptoms in patients with severe chronic tinnitus. " 11/01/1989 - "Fourteen considered their tinnitus improved, and 12 chose to continue taking nortriptyline after the study. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
5.	Gentamicins (Gentamicin)FDA LinkGeneric 09/01/2002 - "The effect of gentamicin on tinnitus presented intersubject variability, and no correlation was found between the amount of gentamicin injected and its effect on tinnitus." 09/01/2002 - "However, the effect of gentamicin on tinnitus has been less well identified. " 09/01/2002 - "Intratympanic gentamicin in Menière's disease: the impact on tinnitus." 06/01/2000 - "[Round window microcatheter administered microdose of gentamycin: an alternative in the treatment of tinnitus in patients with Menière's disease]" 01/01/1995 - "We have examined the effect of intratympanic gentamicin on hearing and tinnitus in 69 patients with intractable Menière's disease. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
6.	OxygenIBA 01/01/2000 - "Eighty percent of our patients suffering from acute tinnitus showed an improvement with intravenous medication without hyperbaric oxygen treatment, and 65.7% showed improvement with infusion therapy and hyperbaric oxygen. " 01/01/2009 - "Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO2) therapy may improve tinnitus, but the significance of the level of improvement is not clear. " 01/01/2007 - "Hyperbaric oxygen in tinnitus: influence of psychological factors on treatment results?" 11/01/2006 - "Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO2) in tinnitus: influence of psychological factors on treatment results?" 02/01/2001 - "BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Cochlear dysfunction and tinnitus are treated by means of hemorrheological infusions in order to increase the cochlear oxygen supply and restore function of hair cells, neurotransmission and central processing of auditory information. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
7.	Ginkgo biloba extract 761 (Rokan)IBA 01/01/2009 - "It was shown that monotherapy with tanakan effectively improved the hearing function and had the most pronounced beneficial effect on subjective tinnitus. " 05/01/2002 - "OBJECTIVE: The objective of the present study in 60 patients with chronic tinnitus aurium was to confirm the efficacy of oral treatment with 2 x 80 mg Ginkgo special extract EGb 761 per day subsequent to 10-day EGb 761 infusion treatment. " 05/01/2002 - "The efficacy of Ginkgo special extract EGb 761 in patients with tinnitus." 01/11/2001 - "In a systematic search of the literature 19 clinical trials investigating the effects of tinnitus treatment with Ginkgo biloba special extract EGb 761 were identified and evaluated. " 05/01/2002 - "METHODS: Patients with chronic tinnitus aurium underwent 10 days of in-patient infusion treatment with 200 mg/day EGb 761, after which they were randomized to double-blind, oral out-patient treatment with either 2 x 80 mg/day EGb 761 or placebo, given over a scheduled treatment period of 12 weeks. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
8.	Botulinum Toxins (Botulinum Toxin)IBA 06/01/2005 - "CONCLUSIONS: This small study found improvement in THI scores and patient subjective results after botulinum toxin A injection compared with placebo, suggesting a possible benefit of botulinum toxin A in tinnitus management. " 06/01/2005 - "After botulinum toxin A, subjective tinnitus changes included 7 patients improved, 3 worsened, and 16 unchanged. " 06/01/2005 - "OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential benefit of botulinum toxin A in treatment of tinnitus with a prospective, double-blinded study design. " 01/01/2007 - "Botulinum toxin for the treatment of somatic tinnitus." 09/01/2006 - "Botulinum toxin was applied to the PAM with the 14 patients presenting tinnitus, "clicking" or a "ticking" sound on the sane side and other positive auricular symptoms. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
9.	Misoprostol (Cytotec)FDA LinkGeneric 05/01/2004 - "CONCLUSIONS: Misoprostol provided therapeutic relief for some patients with tinnitus we studied, but further investigation of larger groups is needed." 09/01/2004 - "CONCLUSION: Misoprostol is an effective and safe treatment for chronic tinnitus in hypertensive and/or diabetic patients. " 05/01/2004 - "OBJECTIVE: To test the efficacy of misoprostol as a treatment for tinnitus. " 07/01/1995 - "Practitioners should realize that further study of misoprostol in larger patient populations must be undertaken to determine its efficacy and safety in the treatment of tinnitus. " 09/01/2004 - "Subjective tinnitus scoring revealed improvement rates of 29 and 14% for the misoprostol and placebo groups, respectively. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
10.	ZincIBA 10/01/2002 - "Zinc therapy for 8 weeks presented no promising effect on tinnitus in three groups of patients and the difference between the rate of improvement in severity of tinnitus after zinc intake in patients with normal and low serum zinc level was not significant. " 01/01/2003 - "OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to investigate the role of zinc administration in treatment of tinnitus. " 10/01/2002 - "Significant correlation between tinnitus and decreased zinc level and also reduction in severity of tinnitus after zinc therapy has been reported in some clinical studies. " 08/27/1990 - "Forty-eight patients with tinnitus of various etiologies underwent a placebo-controlled, randomized, double-blind trial to assess whether treatment with zinc had any favourable effect on tinnitus. " 01/01/1987 - "This work studies the efficiency of the zinc overloading in the treatment of patients suffering from tinnitus with hypozincemia. " Order ALL the reference details at left...

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Hearing Aids (Hearing Aid) 05/01/1988 - "In most cases, the tinnitus of burnt-out Menière's disease can be relieved easily by the masking afforded through the use of hearing aids." 04/01/2007 - "Previous linear analogue hearing aid fitting had not been beneficial for either hearing or tinnitus. " 11/01/1978 - "The use of a hearing aid or introduction of a sound with a tinnitus masker has been found to be 82% effective in suppressing tinnitus. " 04/01/2007 - "Careful fitting of a digital hearing aid, together with tinnitus counselling, inhibited the patient's tinnitus to 25 per cent of its former intensity after a six month acclimatisation period, and improved communication." 05/01/1987 - "As expected, the hearing aids improved the hearing capacity, but they did not reduce tinnitus as recorded on a visual analogue scale. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
2.	Psychology Biofeedback (Biofeedback) 11/01/1992 - "Is biofeedback effective for chronic tinnitus? " 01/01/1988 - "Biofeedback procedures were effective in modifying EMG activity levels, but changes in EMG levels were not related systematically to behavioral ratings of tinnitus. " 07/01/1984 - "Recent evidence suggests that relaxation-biofeedback treatment is effective in reducing or eliminating tinnitus. " 02/01/1981 - "Although auditory biofeedback procedures were effective in decreasing and increasing EMG activity at frontalis muscle sites, changes in EMG levels were not systematically related to behavioral severity ratings of either tinnitus or annoyance. " 12/01/2008 - "This study developed and investigated the efficacy of a biofeedback-based cognitive-behavioral treatment for tinnitus. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
3.	Cochlear Implants (Cochlear Implant) 03/01/2001 - "RESULTS: Statistical analysis revealed a significant reduction in tinnitus intensity in patients using cochlear implants, with 35 of 38 patients (92%) experiencing a reduction in tinnitus intensity. " 01/01/1997 - "A severe iatrogenic tinnitus has been successfully improved by cochlear implant, despite the hearing and intelligibility of the opposite ear were not profoundly impaired. " 12/01/1992 - "Overall, the majority of the patients (74%) thought that their cochlear implant was helpful in tinnitus suppression, especially in the ear with the implant. " 01/01/2006 - "Our aim was to study tinnitus in individuals before surgery and after cochlear implant activation and to observe improvement in the perception of tinnitus, comparing these results with data in the literature. " 01/01/1981 - "Cochlear implant patients report an improvement in their tinnitus with use of the stimulator and implant. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
4.	Aftercare (After-Treatment) 06/01/1990 - "The effect was rapid in onset, usually unnoticed (although tinnitus was reported in seven patients), and resolved completely after treatment was completed." 01/01/1987 - "Global therapeutic efficacy was evaluated after treatment of 100 patients with tinnitus. " 04/01/2009 - "According to the Tinnitus Questionnaire, tinnitus intensity decreased from 84 points before to 59 points after treatment. " 01/01/2009 - "We also observed a significant decrease of tinnitus according to the Klockhoff test before and after treatment (p < .001) and at follow-up after 3 months (p < .01). " 01/01/2009 - "The statistical analysis demonstrated a significant decrease of tinnitus in the treatment group as compared with the control group, according to the VAS before and after treatment (p < .001) and at follow-up after 3 months (p < .01). " Order ALL the reference details at left...
5.	Stapes Surgery (Stapedectomy) 01/01/1995 - "Tinnitus score became more markedly improved in the patients received partial stapedectomy or stapedotomy than those who received total stapedectomy. " 01/01/2004 - "Of the 40 patients, 34 (85%) had improved K/L tinnitus grades after stapedectomy, 5 (12.5%) had no change, and 1 (2.5%) had a worse K/L grade postoperatively. " 04/01/2003 - "Patients who had poor hearing outcomes reported abolition of their tinnitus, suggesting that this was due to the improvement in the fluid mechanics of the cochlea resulting from stapedectomy. " 01/01/2007 - "Two patients had no change and none reported worsening of tinnitus after stapes surgery. " 01/01/2007 - "Many papers have been written about tinnitus outcome after stapes surgery. " Order ALL the reference details at left...

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