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Thyroxine (Levothyroxine)

The major hormone derived from the thyroid gland. Thyroxine is synthesized via the iodination of tyrosines (MONOIODOTYROSINE) and the coupling of iodotyrosines (DIIODOTYROSINE) in the THYROGLOBULIN. Thyroxine is released from thyroglobulin by proteolysis and secreted into the blood. Thyroxine is peripherally deiodinated to form TRIIODOTHYRONINE which exerts a broad spectrum of stimulatory effects on cell metabolism.

Also Known As:

Levothyroxine; Levothyroxine Sodium; Synthroid; LevoT; Euthyrox; Levo-T; Levothroid; Levoxyl; Novothyrox; Sodium Levothyroxine; Thyroxin; Unithroid; 3,5,3',5'-Tetraiodothyronine; Abbot Brand of Levothyroxine Sodium; Allphar Brand of Levothyroxine Sodium; Aventis Brand of Levothyroxine Sodium; Berlin-Chemie Brand of Levothyroxine Sodium; Berlthyrox; Byk Brand of Levothyroxine Sodium; Delalande Brand of Levothyroxine Sodium; Dexnon; Eferox; Eltroxin; Eltroxine; Eutirox; Forest Brand of Levothyroxine Sodium; Genpharm Brand of Levothyroxine Sodium; GlaxoSmithKline Brand of Levothyroxine Sodium; GlaxoWellcome Brand of Levothyroxine Sodium; Goldshield Brand of Levothyroxine Sodium; Henning Berlin Brand of Levothyroxine Sodium; Hexal Brand 1 of Levothyroxine Sodium; Hexal Brand 2 of Levothyroxine Sodium; Kern Brand of Levothyroxine Sodium; L-3,5,3',5'-Tetraiodothyronine; L-Thyrox; L-Thyroxin Henning; L-Thyroxin beta; L-Thyroxine Roche; Levothyroid; Levothyroxin Deladande; Levothyroxin Delalande; Levoxine; Lévothyrox; Merck Brand of Levothyroxine Sodium; Merck Lipha Santé Brand of Levothyroxine Sodium; Monarch Brand of Levothyroxine Sodium; Mova Brand of Levothyroxine Sodium; Nourypharma Brand of Levothyroxine Sodium; Novothyral; O-(4-Hydroxy-3,5-diiodophenyl) 3,5-diiodo-L-tyrosine; O-(4-Hydroxy-3,5-diiodophenyl)-3,5-diiodotyrosine; Oroxine; Roche Brand of Levothyroxine Sodium; Rudefsa Brand of Levothyroxine Sodium; Sanofi Synthelabo Brand of Levothyroxine Sodium; Sigma Brand of Levothyroxine Sodium; Synthrox; Thevier; Thyrax; Tiroidine; Tiroxina Leo; Vortex Brand of Levothyroxine Sodium; Watson Brand of Levothyroxine Sodium; betapharm Brand of Levothyroxine Sodium; Berlin Chemie Brand of Levothyroxine Sodium; Deladande, Levothyroxin; Delalande, Levothyroxin; L Thyrox; L Thyroxin Henning; L Thyroxin beta; L Thyroxine; L Thyroxine Roche; LThyroxin Henning; LThyroxin beta; Leo, Tiroxina; Levo T; Thyroid Hormone, T4; L-Thyroxine; T4 Thyroid Hormone; Tyrosine, O-(4-hydroxy-3,5-diiodophenyl)-3,5-diiodo-

Networked: 5482 relevant articles (192 outcomes, 500 trials/studies) for this Drug, Comments

Relationship Network

Drug Context: Research Results

Experts

1.	Kulikov, A V: 9 articles (11/2009 - 07/2001)
2.	Biondi, Bernadette: 9 articles (01/2009 - 12/2002)
3.	Miyauchi, Akira: 9 articles (06/2008 - 09/2002)
4.	Bauer, Michael: 8 articles (01/2010 - 01/2002)
5.	Pinchera, Aldo: 8 articles (01/2010 - 09/2002)
6.	Dai, Yin: 8 articles (11/2008 - 10/2006)
7.	Dai, De-Zai: 8 articles (11/2008 - 09/2002)
8.	Mann, K: 8 articles (03/2006 - 06/2000)
9.	Cokkinos, D V: 7 articles (12/2009 - 09/2000)
10.	Pacini, Furio: 7 articles (11/2009 - 08/2002)

Related Diseases

1.	Hypothyroidism 07/05/1993 - "L-thyroxine but not desiccated pork thyroid preparation (Thyroideum-Polfa) appeared to be highly efficacious in the treatment of the primary as well as secondary hypothyroidism." 08/01/1982 - "Treatment with thyroxine resulted in a marked improvement of most of the clinical features of hypothyroidism and some improvement in cardiac function. " 01/01/2010 - "Levothyroxine treatment had no effect on serum PON-1 activity and hs-CRP level, but it resulted in a significant reduction in carotid intima-media thickness in the subclinical hypothyroidism patients. " 10/01/2007 - "However, the subjects with subclinical hypothyroidism showed a significant reduction in hsCRP levels after levothyroxine. " 02/01/2003 - "There was a significant increase in mean total thyroxine (T(4)) and a significant reduction in the prevalence of hypothyroidism (p < 0.001). " Order ALL the reference details at left...
2.	Goiter 09/01/1991 - "Our study demonstrates that L-thyroxine treatment is effective in reducing goiter size in the majority of children with a diffuse goiter.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)" 05/01/2006 - "CONCLUSIONS: Levothyroxine treatment is effective in reducing thyroid volume in pediatric patients and is suggested in treatment of goiter caused by AIT, especially in cases of hypothyroid, but also in euthyroid children." 11/01/1992 - "In conclusion suppressive thyroxine treatment is effective in reducing the goiter, nodules instead are only in part sensitive to the treatment. " 01/01/1992 - "This case suggests that cordocentesis is a reliable method to assess the fetal thyroid status; moreover a single injection of intra-amniotic thyroxine was effective in treating fetal hypothyroid goiter." 12/01/2000 - "Recent studies have raised doubts about the efficacy of the postoperative use of levothyroxine (LT4) suppressive doses in patients who underwent thyroid surgery for multinodular goiter. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
3.	Thyroid Nodule (Nodule, Thyroid) 11/01/2002 - "CONCLUSION: Low- and high-level TSH suppression were equally effective in reducing nodule volume and thus, considering the complications of high-level TSH suppression, low-level TSH suppression should be used if one considers levothyroxine suppressive therapy to reduce thyroid nodule size." 06/01/1993 - "These preliminary results prove PEI to be an effective and safe technique to treat thyroid nodules and to make a valuable alternative to surgery and L-thyroxine." 03/01/1994 - "These preliminary results suggest that PEI is an effective and safe therapy that may be useful in the treatment of thyroid nodules as an alternative to other therapies (surgery, L-thyroxine)." 02/01/2000 - "The aim of this study was to review all published randomized clinical trials evaluating the efficacy of suppressive therapy with levothyroxine for solitary thyroid nodules. " 09/01/1999 - "OBJECTIVE: To study the efficacy of levothyroxine suppressive therapy in the management of benign thyroid nodules. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
4.	Hyperthyroidism 02/01/2004 - "They have been used successfully to treat primary thyroidal hyperthyroidism and thyroxine overdose. " 12/01/2003 - "The symptoms regressed in two of these patients without any specific treatment, one patient was treated with L thyroxin for hyperthyroidism without any improvement in the symptoms and one other patient had normal thyroid function. " 02/01/1998 - "The reduced bone mineral density associated with hyperthyroidism appears to be restored, maintained and in some cases possibly improved while on long-term thyroxine replacement post-radioiodine." 10/01/2009 - "METHODS: A multicentre, self-controlled study in 44 client-owned cats with history and clinical signs of hyperthyroidism, and total thyroxine concentration greater than or equal to 50 nmol/l. " 07/24/2006 - "The results of the present study indicate that l-thyroxine-induced experimental hyperthyroidism increased basal and stimulated AVP release in rats." Order ALL the reference details at left...
5.	Congenital Hypothyroidism (Cretinism) 08/01/1996 - "The introduction of screening for congenital hypothyroidism has led to a marked improvement in neurodevelopmental outcome that has largely been attributed to the introduction of early treatment in the form of thyroxine. " 06/01/1997 - "CONCLUSION: When initiating soy-formula feeding in infants with congenital hypothyroidism, the L-thyroxine dose should be increased because of significant reduction in intestinal absorption: conversely, when soy feeding is discontinued, the L-thyroxine dose should be decreased." 03/01/1995 - "CONCLUSION: A higher starting dose of L-thyroxine is beneficial for subsequent intellectual outcome in children with congenital hypothyroidism but may be associated with internalizing behavior problems." 08/01/1990 - "We conclude that the prompt restoration of clinical and biochemical euthyroidism during early infancy with doses of L-thyroxine between 10 and 14 micrograms/kg/day is a safe and effective method of therapy for children with congenital hypothyroidism." 12/01/2008 - "In this Practice Point commentary, I discuss the findings, implications, and limitations of the study of Mathai et al. in which neonates with congenital hypothyroidism were treated with variable initial doses of levothyroxine. " Order ALL the reference details at left...

Related Drugs and Biologics

1.	Triiodothyronine (Liothyronine)
2.	Thyrotropin (Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone)
3.	Hormones
4.	Thyroxine (Levothyroxine)
5.	Methimazole (Thiamazole)
6.	Iodine
7.	Hydrocortisone (Cortisol)
8.	Thyroglobulin
9.	Antibodies
10.	Oxygen

Related Therapies and Procedures

1.	Thyroidectomy
2.	Aftercare (After-Treatment)
3.	Radiotherapy
4.	Injections
5.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy)

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