Tetany (Spasmophilia)

A disorder characterized by muscle twitches, cramps, and carpopedal spasm, and when severe, laryngospasm and seizures. This condition is associated with unstable depolarization of axonal membranes, primarily in the peripheral nervous system. Tetany usually results from HYPOCALCEMIA or reduced serum levels of MAGNESIUM that may be associated with HYPERVENTILATION; HYPOPARATHYROIDISM; RICKETS; UREMIA; or other conditions. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1490)

Also Known As:

Networked: 709 relevant articles (27 outcomes, 44 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Hypoparathyroidism
2.	Hypocalcemia
3.	Bartter Syndrome (Syndrome, Bartter)
4.	Fistula
5.	Hyperventilation

Experts

1.	Bindels, René J: 4 articles (07/2012 - 08/2007)
2.	McCoy, M A: 4 articles (06/2004 - 12/2000)
3.	Duda, Georg N: 3 articles (12/2012 - 01/2012)
4.	Perka, Carsten: 3 articles (12/2012 - 01/2012)
5.	Preininger, Bernd: 3 articles (12/2012 - 01/2012)
6.	Radojewski, Piotr: 3 articles (12/2012 - 01/2012)
7.	Winkler, Tobias: 3 articles (12/2012 - 01/2012)
8.	von Roth, Philipp: 3 articles (12/2012 - 01/2012)
9.	Hoenderop, Joost G: 3 articles (03/2011 - 08/2007)
10.	Kawamoto, H: 3 articles (04/2001 - 04/2000)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Tetany:

1.	CalciumIBA 06/01/1975 - "The literature on diseases involving calcium in the newborn, particularly neonatal tetany, is especially helpful in establishing a concept of normal levels, providing clinically supported upper and lower values. " 03/01/1960 - "Tetany: some studies on the tetanic syndrome and calcium metabolism." 01/01/1923 - "Studies in Experimental Tetany: On the Distribution of Calcium in the Plasma and Cells. " 08/01/1914 - "THE REMOVAL OF CALCIUM FROM THE BLOOD BY DIALYSIS IN THE STUDY OF TETANY." 01/09/1909 - "Studies of the metabolism in parathyroidectomized animals show: 1. A marked reduction in the calcium content of the tissues especially of the blood and brain, during tetany. "
2.	MagnesiumIBA 06/01/2004 - "In tetany induction studies carried out in adult ewes and lactating cows significant relationships were found to exist between the concentrations of magnesium in either cerebrospinal fluid or plasma and either aqueous or vitreous humour. " 06/01/2004 - "Recent studies have investigated the potential of eye fluid magnesium concentration as a post-mortem marker of hypomagnesaemic tetany. " 03/03/2001 - "Severe hypomagnesaemia and tetany were induced in 10 lactating cows by feeding them semi-synthetic low magnesium diets and the animals were used to study the stability of postmortem markers of hypomagnesaemic tetany. " 07/01/1976 - "Balance studies and a kinetic evaluation of magnesium metabolism with 28Mg were performed on 6 non pregnant ewes, fed first a young normal dried grass, then frozen tetany prone grass. " 04/01/1965 - "[STUDY OF BLOOD MAGNESIUM IN TETANY]."
3.	SaltsIBA 01/20/1919 - "The most important result seems to be the fact that the salts used, though they prevented the muscular convulsions, did not prevent the other symptoms of tetany which in the salamander larvae are very definite and constant. " 01/01/2016 - "Clinically, patients suffer from fatigue and hypotension due to loss of salt and water and also have cramps and tetany. " 01/01/1914 - "Calcium salts have a striking palliative effect on parathyroid tetany and preventative action in tiding over otherwise fatal cases, but are in no sense curative. " 01/09/1909 - "In general the role of the calcium salts in connection with tetany may be conceived of as follows: These salts have a moderating influence upon the nerve cells. " 09/01/1993 - "The Authors, on the basis of their personal experience (previous electromyographic studies), consider childhood migraine and periodic syndrome as a clinical equivalent of spasmophilia, in which an intracellular deficit of magnesium has been demonstrated, and have employed a magnesium salt in the prophylaxis of childhood migraine and migraine equivalents. "
4.	Calcium Gluconate (CBG)IBA 04/11/2022 - "Tetany symptoms were relieved after intravenous calcium gluconate supplementation and she was then transferred to our Hospital. " 04/01/1980 - "Intravenously administered calcium gluconate has become increasingly popular in the treatment of neonatal tetany. " 01/01/1969 - "Cardiovascular changes during tetany and following administration of calcium gluconate in dogs." 03/01/2010 - "Although the patient became nearly euthyroid, she had been hypocalcemic, requiring frequent intravenous injection of calcium gluconate to prevent tetany. " 10/01/2018 - "Symptoms of acute hypocalcemia include neuromuscular irritability, tetany, and seizures, which are rapidly resolved with intravenous administration of calcium gluconate. "
5.	MineralsIBA 12/01/1989 - "These experimental synthetics with genetically altered mineral concentrations need to be fed to ruminants susceptible to grass tetany to determine whether grass tetany can be eliminated or reduced. " 04/01/1984 - "The mineral composition of the forage and results of study of 2 cows in the cow-calf studies indicated that an environment conducive to the occurrence of grass tetany existed. " 03/01/1974 - "Grass tetany: the mineral and species status of sixteen pastures in North-Eastern Victoria and Southern New South Wales." 10/01/1971 - "Effects of season and grass tetany on mineral composition of Hereford cattle hair." 01/09/1909 - "6. In tetany there is apparently some disturbance of the composition of the circulating fluids ordinarily prevented by the secretion of the parathyroid, which disarranges the balance of the mineral constituents of the tissues. "
6.	Vitamin DFDA LinkGeneric 10/01/2019 - "With underestimation of vitamin D supplementation, tetany may emerge again. " 06/01/2015 - "Twelve out of 14 neonates (85.7%) had 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25OHD) levels <20 ng/mL and 9 neonates (64.3%) had 25OHD levels <10 ng/mL. Twenty-one neonates had hypocalcemic tetany. " 10/01/2006 - "[Vitamin D deficit as cause of latent tetany]." 09/01/1998 - "Nevertheless, vitamin D or its analogues are required to control tetany predisposing to abortion and preterm labour. " 01/01/1990 - "Vitamin D metabolites in spasmophilia."
7.	PotassiumIBA 03/01/1993 - "Increasing the serum potassium level from 2.8 to 3.4 mmol/litre by potassium supplementation induced tetany. " 03/01/1993 - "Potassium replacement associated with the development of tetany in a patient with hypomagnesaemia." 06/09/1958 - "Chronic hypopotassaemia, refractory to potassium treatment, and tetany in a girl aged 14 years." 11/01/1953 - "[Potassium and tetany]." 05/15/1953 - "[Potassium sensitization and tetany]."
8.	AlloysIBA 04/01/1984 - "Two cow-calf grazing studies and 2 rate-of-disappearance trials in steers surgically prepared with rumen fistula were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of a large Mg alloy rumen bolus in preventing hypomagnesemic tetany (grass tetany). " 04/01/1984 - "Efficacy of a large magnesium alloy rumen bolus in the prevention of hypomagnesemic tetany in cows."
9.	Parathyroid Hormone (Parathormone)IBA 10/01/2017 - "The causal disease for hypocalcemic tetany is frequently a lack of parathyroid hormone (PTH), (e. g. " 06/01/2013 - "Amongst patients in whom the parathyroid hormone level was normal, tetany symptoms were observed in 0.5% of cases. " 01/01/2008 - "Logistic regression analyses examining the relationship between the reduction in parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels and the incidence of tetany revealed that both the wPTH and iPTH assays were significantly equally predictive of postoperative tetany. " 01/01/1990 - "The patient's TSH remained above the normal limit until 5 years of age, when she suffered from hypocalcemic tetany and was diagnosed as type-1 PHP on the basis of responsiveness to parathyroid hormone. " 10/01/1981 - "In 25 cases of spasmophilia the parathyroid function was assessed by complete exploration of the P-Ca metabolism and radioimmunoassay (RIA) of parathormone (PTH). "
10.	SolutionsIBA 05/01/2016 - "Immediately following intrathecal injection of 2mL of solution, the patient complained of severe back pain, followed by muscle spasm and tetany. " 03/01/2006 - "Prophylactic infusion of calcium solution reduced the prevalence of tetany from 8.6% to 2.1%. " 12/01/1975 - "Perfusion with synthetic cerebrospinal fluid solutions containing less than 0-6 mg magnesium/100 ml produced episodes of tetany which were abolished by perfusion with a solution of normal magnesium concentration. " 08/02/1965 - "[Water solution of vitamin D-3 in the treatment of postoperative tetany]." 01/01/1927 - "After large doses of the phosphate solution, all of the rabbits showed signs of acute tetany in which many of them died. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Therapeutics 04/01/2012 - "MSC therapy improved the force of the injured soleus in male rats significantly (twitch: treated, 0.76 [0.51-1.15]; twitch: untreated, 0.45 [0.32-0.73] [P = 0.01]; tetany: treated, 0.63 [0.4-1.21], tetany: untreated, 0.34 [0.16-0.48] [P = 0.04]). " 01/01/2012 - "Systemic MSC-therapy improved the muscle force significantly compared to control (fast twitch: 82.4%, tetany: 61.6%, p = 0.02). " 06/01/1995 - "Severe hypocalcemic tetany was treated with replacement therapy. " 01/01/1991 - "The case is described of a 68-year-old man whose therapy induced tetany during each of two consecutive hospital admissions. " 12/01/1988 - "Mg therapy results in the control of latent tetany as well as in morphologic recovery. "
2.	Thyroidectomy 01/01/2022 - "More than a decade later Gley, showed that it was the removal of the parathyroids that accounted for the tetany that followed thyroidectomy. " 11/01/2019 - "Presentations to the emergency department with a diagnosis of hypocalcaemia-induced tetany secondary to total thyroidectomy are rare. " 11/01/2019 - "Hypocalcaemia-induced tetany secondary to total thyroidectomy: a nursing case review." 10/10/2019 - "Near-total thyroidectomy was performed after 1 month's pharmacological treatment, and he presented with tetany next morning. " 10/01/2009 - "All patients underwent total thyroidectomy by the same team of surgeons and the patients were closely followed up for postoperative complications especially in terms of recurrent laryngeal nerve damage and hypocalcaemic tetany. "
3.	Transplantation 12/01/2012 - "Delayed MSC transplantation resulted in a significant improvement of contraction maxima in both stimulation modes (twitch, p = 0.011; tetany, p = 0.014). " 01/01/1969 - "[The results of transplantation of the parathyroid glands in the treatment of parathyroprivic tetany]." 05/31/1960 - "Transplantation of homologous parathyroid gland in the treatment of chronic tetany: three-to seven-year follow-up on three patients." 01/01/1955 - "Freedom from tetany after homologous gland transplantation." 01/01/1954 - "[Problem of the treatment of tetany by transplantation of the thyroid]."
4.	Oral Administration 12/15/1991 - "None of the cats had clinical problems with hypocalcemia after surgery, although 2 cats developed hypocalcemia without tetany, one of which was controlled with oral administration of dihydrotachysterol and the other with oral administration of 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D. " 09/01/1991 - "During hospitalization, epilepsy, tetany and multiple sclerosis were ruled out and its seizures were completely depressed by oral administration of a small amount of carbamazepine. " 04/01/1977 - "A 37-year-old woman with typical features of pseudohypoparathyroidism (chronic tetany, paresthesia, persistent hypocalcemia, round face, short stature, short metacarpals and metatarsals, cucutaneous calcification and lack of response to exogenous and endogenous parathyroid hormone as regards urinary phosphate and cyclic AMP excretion) was treated with oral administration of 2 microgram/day of 1alphaOH-vitamin D3. " 07/01/1997 - "After receiving a proper treatment which included oral administration of calcium and magnesium gluconolactate, magnesium gluconolactate with B6 vitamin or Trimagant, there were important changes of all the studied parameters and so, as a specific therapy, we recommend the use of Mg+2 compounds, because it demonstrates a significant improvement of the clinical symptoms in spasmophilia and has no danger to precipitate in the body as Ca+2 exceeding does."
5.	Airway Management 11/01/1999 - "The administration of calcium chloride rapidly resolved the patient's tetany with prompt recovery of respiratory function, averting the need for more aggressive airway management and ventilatory support. " 09/01/2011 - "Propofol and sevoflurane relieved the tetany, allowing airway control and ventilation without intubation or neuromuscular blocking drugs during wound debridement. "