Tetanus

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5215 relevant articles (161 outcomes, 516 trials/studies) found for this Disease

Description: A disease caused by tetanospasmin, a powerful protein toxin produced by CLOSTRIDIUM TETANI. Tetanus usually occurs after an acute injury, such as a puncture wound or laceration. Generalized tetanus, the most common form, is characterized by tetanic muscular contractions and hyperreflexia. Localized tetanus presents itself as a mild condition with manifestations restricted to muscles near the wound. It may progress to the generalized form.

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Bacterial Infections and Mycoses

Bacterial Infections: 6830

Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections: 93

Clostridium Infections: 12

Tetanus: 5215

Related Diseases

1.	Diphtheria
2.	Whooping Cough (Pertussis)
3.	Infection
4.	Poliomyelitis (Polio)
5.	Measles

Experts

1.	Halperin, Scott A: 9 articles (04/2007 - 05/2002)
2.	Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC): 8 articles (10/2008 - 11/2000)
3.	Schuerman, Lode: 6 articles (08/2008 - 10/2004)
4.	Pichichero, Michael E: 5 articles (10/2007 - 09/2002)
5.	García-Corbeira, Pilar: 5 articles (01/2007 - 01/2002)
6.	Sesardic, D: 4 articles (09/2008 - 01/2000)
7.	Barreto, L: 4 articles (07/2008 - 01/2000)
8.	Friedland, Leonard R: 4 articles (04/2008 - 04/2006)
9.	Jacquet, Jeanne-Marie: 4 articles (10/2007 - 05/2006)
10.	Kretsinger, Katrina: 4 articles (07/2007 - 01/2006)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Tetanus:

1.	VaccinesIBA 01/01/2002 - "OBJECTIVES: Although safe and effective vaccines are available to protect against tetanus in the United States and vaccination rates are high, cases of tetanus among children continue to occur. " 01/01/2005 - "Against the background of animal protection, the goal of one project of the Paul-Ehrlich-Institut (Bundesministerium fuer Bildung und Forschung (Federal Ministry for Education and Research), 0312636) was to establish an alternative to the toxin neutralisation test, enabling the testing of efficacy of tetanus vaccines with serological in vitro methods. " 01/01/2005 - "The marketing authorisation requirements stipulate that efficacy of tetanus vaccines ad us. " 12/01/2001 - "Protection against tetanus by needle-free inoculation of adenovirus-vectored nasal and epicutaneous vaccines." 05/15/2006 - "Trial I was conducted to compare serological responses to vaccines produced by three manufacturers against EIV, EHV-1 (respiratory disease), EEE, and tetanus given as multivalent preparations or as multiple vaccine courses. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
2.	ToxoidsIBA 02/01/1992 - "The study of tetanus toxoids obtained from different manufacturers in the USSR has shown that these preparations exhibit molecular heterogeneity. " 05/01/1985 - "[Experimental studies of the reactivity of adsorbed tetanus toxoids in guinea pigs]" 04/01/1965 - "[Experimental trials of tetanus immunization with toxoids obtained from extracts and integral bodies of tetanus bacilli]" 01/01/1961 - "[Study of the sensitizing properties of tetanus toxoids in experiment. " 07/23/2008 - "To our knowledge, this is the first report describing a residual proteolytic activity in tetanus toxoids." Order ALL the reference details at left...
3.	Pertussis VaccineIBA 02/03/2007 - "FINDINGS: Pneumococcal vaccination at the rate of diptheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccine coverage was projected to prevent 262,000 deaths per year (7%) in children aged 3-29 months in the 72 developing countries studied, thus averting 8.34 million disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) yearly. " 12/01/2003 - "All monkeys were inoculated with diptheria, tetanus, and acellular pertussis vaccine at 5 weeks of age to simulate human infant vaccination schedules. " 01/01/1969 - "Histological changes in the heart of animals, induced by immunization with heart tissue homogenate and diptheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccine." 09/01/2008 - "The objective of this study was to determine the feasibility of tetanus, diphtheria, and acellular pertussis vaccine administration to parents in a tertiary care, level III NICU and to measure its effect on vaccination rates among parents of this high-risk population. " 02/01/2002 - "Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccine diluted tenfold in diphtheria-tetanus-whole cell pertussis vaccine: a randomized trial." Order ALL the reference details at left...
4.	AntigensIBA 12/01/2001 - "Laboratory studies reveal that immune responses to ubiquitous antigens are reconstituted, but that responses to rarely encountered antigens, such as tetanus, are not reconstituted without repeat vaccination. " 05/01/1994 - "Further studies showed that this vaccine preparation contained no biologically detectable tetanus antigen. " 01/01/1986 - "Serial studies of these individuals following a tetanus booster immunization showed that LCF was produced by antigen-challenged mononuclear cells obtained 1-5 days postimmunization, was produced optimally 5-15 days postimmunization, and was still produced by antigen-challenged mononuclear cells obtained 6 weeks later. " 10/01/1972 - "2. Studies in sheep on aerogenic hyperimmunization using tetanus antigen]" 01/01/1972 - "1. Studies on airborn hyperimmunization of horses using tetanus antigen and on treatment with tetanus hyperimmune serum]" Order ALL the reference details at left...
5.	Tetanus Toxoid (Vaccine, Tetanus)IBA 06/01/1998 - "CONCLUSIONS: The data demonstrate that a limited-dose regimen of maternal tetanus toxoid provides significant and extended protection against the risk of neonatal tetanus death." 04/01/1979 - "Immunization with tetanus toxoid was effective in reducing the incidence of tetanus." 09/01/1976 - "The two main conclusions drawn at the Dakar International Conference on Tetanus appeared to be: 1) Tetanus is a real problem in developing countries in both occurrence and mortality rates; and 2) Tetanus can be eliminated by the proper use of tetanus toxoid. " 12/08/2007 - "The Maternal and Neonatal Tetanus Elimination Initiative assists countries in which maternal and neonatal tetanus has not been eliminated to provide immunisation with tetanus toxoid to women of childbearing age. " 01/01/2002 - "The weighted median antitoxin titre was 0.35 IU/ml. CONCLUSIONS: Tetanus toxoid coverage in the CAR was lower than the prevalence of serological protection against neonatal tetanus. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
6.	AntibodiesIBA 06/10/1994 - "Apart from the obvious age and sex dependency of the demonstrated inadequacy of immunological protection against tetanus, attention should also be paid to the lack of protective antibodies in newborns and the marked gaps of immunity among children." 06/01/2006 - "In the high-risk ALL group 7/9 patients had subprotective levels of tetanus antibodies after vaccination and concomitantly the lowest avidity, implying poor protection against tetanus. " 03/01/1999 - "The prevalence of antibodies versus tetanus was significantly greater in males than in females. " 05/01/1994 - "The geometric mean titer of antibodies against tetanus was significantly greater in the DTwP group than in the DTaP group. " 04/01/2008 - "The aim of this paper is to investigate the concentration of tetanus antibodies, which may help to define the risk of adverse reactions. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
7.	Immunoglobulins (Immunoglobulin)IBA 01/01/1990 - "A simplified passive haemagglutination (PHA) screening test, an improved quantitative PHA assay, and a stable test cell preparation are described, as well as a comprehensive testing strategy which have been used in concert at this Service over the past 10 years for the successful accession of high-titre tetanus anti-toxin (TAT) plasma for fractionation into human tetanus immunoglobulin (HTIG). " 01/01/1990 - "An improved assay for human tetanus anti-toxin and its use in the accession of human plasma for the production of high-titre tetanus immunoglobulin." 09/22/1984 - "Intrathecal serotherapy appears to be effective in the treatment of tetanus, and it has been claimed that human immune globulins are innocuous. " 05/01/1991 - "For the program to eliminate tetanus neonatorum in this country, we have improved the sensitivity of enzyme immunoassay kit (EIA kit) prepared on 1987 for the detection of human tetanus immunoglobulin (TIG) by competitive principle. " 01/01/2007 - "OBJECTIVE: To study the clinical profile, treatment and outcome of tetanus in children treated with intrathecal tetanus immunoglobulin. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
8.	Diphtheria-Tetanus-acellular Pertussis Vaccines (Tripedia)IBA 03/01/2009 - "More recently, a refinement of this method based on dermal temperature measurement has been developed for ACVs in combination with diphtheria and tetanus vaccines (DTaP). " 01/01/1996 - "Tetanus antibody was higher pre- and post-vaccination for DTwP versus both DTaP vaccine groups, and diphtheria antibody was similar pre- and post-vaccination for all 3 groups. " 10/01/2007 - "The diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis (DTaP) vaccine was considered in the analysis. " 09/01/2007 - "OBJECTIVE: Low childhood immunization rates have been a challenge in Colorado, an issue that was exacerbated by a diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis (DTaP) vaccine shortage that began in 2001. " 07/07/2006 - "BACKGROUND: The incidence of local reactions to diphtheria-, tetanus and acellular pertussis (DTaP-) vaccines in infants and toddlers increases with each subsequent dose, and entire thigh swellings (ETS) have been reported. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
9.	Immunoglobulin G (IgG)IBA 07/01/1992 - "No increase was seen in serum Igs during the study, but the anti-tetanus antibody of the IgG isotype could be detected in cell culture supernatants. " 02/01/2009 - "Both PRP IgG and tetanus responses were significantly enhanced when Pediacel was coadministered with NeisVac-C. " 12/01/2008 - "Protective tetanus-specific IgG titers (>0.10 IU/mL) were detected in all patients tested from the age of 2 to 85 months (n = 72). " 12/01/2008 - "Tetanus-specific IgG levels and the number of tetanus immunizations were also studied. " 07/04/2008 - "Tetanus-specific total IgG as well as antibody subclasses of the IgG1, IgG2, IgG3 and IgG4 isotype and the avidity of the dominating IgG1 subclass were determined both before and 1 month after the booster vaccination. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
10.	Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis Vaccine (DPT Vaccine)IBA 11/01/1997 - "Full protection against tetanus (titers > 0.1 IU/ml) was observed in the group of adults (0.37 IU/ml), in mothers (4.4 IU/ml) and their newborn offspring (5.5 IU/ml), and in children after receiving the second dose of DTP vaccine (1.86 IU/ml). " 05/01/2002 - "OBJECTIVE: To assess the immunogenicity and reactogenicity of a tetanus conjugate Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine (Act-Hib) when extemporaneously mixed and administered as a DTwP-Hib combination using an Indian DTwP vaccine (BE DTwP) in comparison with a licensed DTwP-Hib combination vaccine. " 09/01/1996 - "Priming with diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccine enhances the response to the Haemophilus influenzae type b tetanus conjugate vaccine in infancy." 02/01/1994 - "Immunogenicity and safety of Haemophilus influenzae type b-tetanus protein conjugate vaccine alone or mixed with diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccine in infants." 02/05/1992 - "Impact of Haemophilus influenzae type b polysaccharide-tetanus protein conjugate vaccine on responses to concurrently administered diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccine." Order ALL the reference details at left...

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Intensive Care (Surgical Intensive Care) 02/01/1990 - "Intensive care has markedly improved the prognosis of tetanus; the main problems at present are difficulty of early diagnosis and treatment of complications of the most serious cases." 12/08/2007 - "Survival of tetanus patients has improved substantially for those treated in hospitals with modern intensive-care facilities; however, such facilities are often unavailable where the tetanus burden is highest. " 11/01/2004 - "Impact of improved vaccination programme and intensive care facilities on incidence and outcome of tetanus in southern Vietnam, 1993-2002." 04/01/1985 - "Although low mortality from tetanus is possible with improved intensive care technology, the disease should be virtually preventable by the provision of proper tetanus prophylaxis to all patients at risk." 07/01/1987 - "These studies show the results of intensive care management of 306 consecutive patients with tetanus compared with 335 patients treated conservatively in the same hospital before the institution of the ICU. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
2.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy) 08/01/2008 - "RESULTS: One hundred eighteen patients were randomized to receive either ALVAC before and concomitantly with chemotherapy (n = 39), ALVAC with tetanus adjuvant before and concomitantly with chemotherapy (n = 40), or chemotherapy followed by ALVAC (n = 39). " 02/01/2002 - "Pharmacotherapy of tetanus--a review." 02/11/1999 - "This protease activity is a particularly attractive target for designing potent and selective synthetic inhibitors as a possible drug therapy for tetanus. " 12/01/1971 - "Drug therapy today: drugs for treating tetanus." 04/01/1951 - "[Modern drug therapy of tetanus.]" Order ALL the reference details at left...
3.	Microspheres (Microsphere) 03/01/1977 - "[Comparative studies, in young recruits, of anti-tetanus antibody levels electrosyneresis: agglutination of sensitized latex particles and protection in the mouse]" 05/01/2003 - "An experimental divalent vaccine based on biodegradable microspheres induces protective immunity against tetanus and diphtheria." 05/01/2003 - "The microspheres provided increasing levels of antibodies, during the 16 weeks of testing, and the antibodies were weakly polarized towards tetanus. " 05/01/2003 - "In conclusion, this study showed that a single administration of biodegradable microsphere vaccines provided protective immunity against diphtheria and tetanus, and that this immunization approach might be feasible for multivalent vaccines." 07/01/2009 - "Polymeric microspheres containing diphtheria and tetanus toxoids were prepared without protein stabilizers. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
4.	Injections 01/01/2003 - "Tetanus vaccination coverage was 98.4% for the first, 97.8% for the second and 96.7% for the third dose, while 55.4% of the study subjects received the recommended two booster injections. " 03/01/1997 - "This report describes severe, generalized tetanus in a 29-year-old man who had received a primary series as a child and two booster injections. " 12/01/1996 - "Tetanus and injections drug use: rediscovery of a neglected problem?" 03/01/1989 - "The clinic records of 1,009 women, aged greater than or equal to 28, who comprised the entire cohort of the six kibbutzim studied, were reviewed concerning basic tetanus immunization and booster injections. " 09/03/1988 - " The participants were given a questionnaire that assessed the 3 main opportunities for receiving immunization: while in the armed services, in infancy, or by following a course that included 3 tetanus injections. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
5.	Transplantation (Transplant Recipients) 08/01/2007 - "A 48-year-old renal transplant recipient who developed tetanus 6 years after transplantation is described. " 08/01/2007 - "Tetanus-induced acute kidney injury in a renal transplant recipient." 07/01/1998 - "Thirty of 52 ABMT patients (58%) and 25 of 38 APBSCT patients (66%) had protective antibody levels against tetanus before transplantation (P = NS). " 07/01/1998 - "Tetanus immunity in autologous bone marrow and blood stem cell transplant recipients." 03/01/1980 - "Compared to controls, autografts 40-179 days following transplantation had slower time to peak twitch tensions, half-relaxation times, and maximum velocities of shortening and smaller twitch-tetanus tension ratios. " Order ALL the reference details at left...

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