Substance Withdrawal Syndrome (Withdrawal Symptoms)

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1866 relevant articles (129 outcomes, 252 trials/studies) found for this Disease

Description: Physiological and psychological symptoms associated with withdrawal from the use of a drug after prolonged administration or habituation. The concept includes withdrawal from smoking or drinking, as well as withdrawal from an administered drug.

Also Known As:

Withdrawal Symptoms; Drug Withdrawal Symptom; Substance Withdrawal Syndromes; Symptom, Drug Withdrawal; Symptom, Withdrawal; Symptoms, Drug Withdrawal; Symptoms, Withdrawal; Syndrome, Substance Withdrawal; Syndromes, Substance Withdrawal; Withdrawal Symptom; Withdrawal Symptom, Drug; Withdrawal Symptoms, Drug; Withdrawal Syndrome, Substance; Withdrawal Syndromes, Substance; Drug Withdrawal Symptoms

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Disorders of Environmental Origin

Substance-Related Disorders: 6011

Substance Withdrawal Syndrome: 1866

Alcohol Withdrawal Delirium: 323

Alcohol Withdrawal Seizures: 59

Mental Disorders: 1850

Substance-Related Disorders: 6011

Substance Withdrawal Syndrome: 1866

Alcohol Withdrawal Delirium: 323

Related Diseases

1.	Weight Gain
2.	Pain (Aches)
3.	Seizures (Seizure)
4.	Tobacco Use Disorder (Nicotine Dependence)
5.	Alcoholism (Alcohol Abuse)

Experts

1.	Sofuoglu, Mehmet: 4 articles (01/2006 - 04/2003)
2.	Kampman, K M: 4 articles (06/2001 - 07/2000)
3.	West, Robert: 3 articles (04/2008 - 01/2006)
4.	Pettinati, Helen: 3 articles (01/2008 - 01/2002)
5.	Sparkman, Thorne: 3 articles (01/2008 - 01/2002)
6.	Ussher, Michael: 3 articles (09/2006 - 01/2006)
7.	Hatsukami, Dorothy K: 3 articles (07/2005 - 04/2003)
8.	Alterman, A I: 3 articles (06/2001 - 12/2000)
9.	Volpicelli, J R: 3 articles (06/2001 - 12/2000)
10.	O'Brien, C P: 3 articles (03/2001 - 07/2000)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Substance Withdrawal Syndrome:

1.	Nicotine FDA Link 11/01/1995 - "Withdrawal symptom relief can be improved with more complete nicotine replacement. " 08/01/2007 - "Women with Childhood Onset weight problems reported first trying cigarettes at a significantly younger age than those with Later Onset (13 vs. 15 years of age, respectively), and they reported more nicotine withdrawal symptoms during smoking abstinence, with a significantly greater likelihood of endorsing anger/irritability and trouble concentrating. " 12/11/1991 - "All transdermal nicotine doses significantly decreased the severity of nicotine withdrawal symptoms and significantly reduced cigarette use by patients who did not stop smoking. " 01/01/1999 - "While there are a limited number of reported studies with mixed findings using higher than the standard nicotine patch dose, use of higher doses of nicotine patch therapy (i.e., more than one patch at a time) may be appropriate for smokers who previously failed single dose patch therapy or in those whose nicotine withdrawal symptoms were not adequately relieved with standard therapy. " 09/01/1992 - "The partial replacement of plasma nicotine, which would have otherwise been obtained from cigarettes, reduces the severity of nicotine withdrawal symptoms, and so allows the smoker to abstain from smoking more easily. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
2.	Buprenorphine (Subutex)FDA LinkGeneric 06/01/2004 - "The results indicate that 24 mg of sublingually administered buprenorphine beginning when the patient judges himself to be in a withdrawal state followed by another three days of daily administered and rapidly decreased doses resulted in a significant reduction of withdrawal symptoms. " 07/01/2000 - "Overall, the relief from opioid withdrawal symptoms and craving was better in the WeiniCom group than in the buprenorphine group. " 09/01/2001 - "The relative efficacy of quintuple and sextuple buprenorphine dosing in abating withdrawal symptoms for 120 h was compared in opioid-dependent outpatients. " 07/01/2000 - "The purposes of this double blind study were to evaluate (1) the efficacy of WeiniCom in reducing acute opioid withdrawal symptoms and craving, and (2) the side effects of WeiniCom, in each instance by comparing WeiniCom with buprenorphine, an established opioid detoxification treatment agent. " 06/01/2001 - "These studies compared opioid withdrawal symptoms during 24-, 72-, and 120-hour buprenorphine dosing regimens and evaluated participants' preferences for these different dosing regimens. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
3.	Methadone (Dolophine)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/2009 - "Withdrawal symptoms, craving and compliance improved significantly after transfer to (R)-methadone. " 01/15/1977 - "There was a significant reduction in the frequency of withdrawal symptoms among infants born to mothers whose methadone dose at time of delivery was less than 20 mg (17.9 per cent). " 11/01/2003 - "Receiver Operator Characteristics analysis showed that 80% of the suggested methadone dose was effective in minimizing withdrawal symptoms. " 01/01/2008 - "AIM: This study investigates factors influencing the severity of opiate withdrawal symptoms, focusing on the relationship between methadone dose and withdrawal severity among opiate-dependent in-patients receiving methadone detoxification. " 01/01/2006 - "In the present study, the emergence of opioid tolerance or sensitization during the progression of opioid dependence was assessed by comparing the methadone doses that were initially required to alleviate the opioid withdrawal symptoms of intravenous opioid users who presented for detoxification upon 3-7 consecutive admissions over the course of up to 84 months. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
4.	BenzodiazepinesIBA 07/14/2001 - "Once the withdrawal symptoms have diminished, most patients have an improved psychological functioning compared to when they were using benzodiazepines. " 10/05/2004 - "This is the first study comparing type, severity and course of opiate withdrawal symptoms between opiate dependent patients with, and without, concurrent benzodiazepine dependence. " 03/01/2004 - "The aim of this study was to identify risk factors for benzodiazepine (BZD) dependence, such as sociodemographic variables, characteristics of BZD use, and psychiatric parameters, which to date have been found to relate inconsistently to indicators of BZD dependence such as chronic BZD use and BZD withdrawal symptoms. " 09/01/1994 - "The patients completed the 12-item general health questionnaire and a benzodiazepine withdrawal symptom questionnaire at the outset of the study and at three and six months after this. " 11/01/1993 - "Since the background of this study was the relation between the dopaminergic effects and the development of psychotic symptoms during benzodiazepine withdrawal, this different pattern of the benzodiazepines is suggested to be an indication that benzodiazepines may differ qualitatively in the development of withdrawal symptoms after long-term treatment." Order ALL the reference details at left...
5.	Clonidine (ST 155)FDA LinkGeneric 12/06/1991 - "Clonidine pretreatment (200 micrograms/kg, i.p.) eliminated both the withdrawal symptoms and the DA decrease. " 10/11/1991 - "Pretreatment with clonidine (200 micrograms/kg, i.p.) reduced these withdrawal symptoms and eliminated the ACh response. " 09/01/1988 - "We conclude that transdermal clonidine treatment ameliorates some of the short-term withdrawal symptoms, especially craving, associated with smoking cessation." 03/01/2004 - "IMPLICATIONS: In this randomized, double-blinded study, clonidine 150 microg both intrathecally and orally prevented postoperative alcohol-withdrawal symptoms in alcohol-dependent men. " 10/01/1992 - "CONCLUSION--This study demonstrated some reduction in early withdrawal symptoms with the use of a clonidine transdermal patch, but no increase in cessation rate, 6 weeks after medication had been discontinued." Order ALL the reference details at left...
6.	Morphine (MS Contin)FDA LinkGeneric 06/01/2008 - "RESULT: The morphine withdrawal symptoms of rats were relieved significantly by ig Cedemex. " 02/01/1999 - "On day 5 of spontaneous abstinence from chronic morphine treatment (10-40 mg/kg morphine dose once daily for 5 days), when withdrawal symptoms were still present, even a lower morphine dose (5 mg/kg) was effective in decreasing ACh release in the NAc. " 06/01/2007 - "MNTX has been shown to improve oral-cecal transit times in opioid treated patients, induce laxation in chronic opioid users, and neither reverses the analgesic effects of morphine nor cause withdrawal symptoms. " 03/01/2003 - "In addition, 2-PMPA did not affect learning or memory retrieval in a simple two-trial test, nor did it produce withdrawal symptoms in morphine-dependent, placebo-challenged mice. " 01/03/2000 - "Previous studies in this and other laboratories have suggested an important role for central cholinergic neurons in the expression of morphine withdrawal symptoms. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
7.	Bupropion (Wellbutrin)FDA LinkGeneric 12/01/2003 - "Bupropion hydrochloride is effective in promoting long-term abstinence from smoking and may reduce risk for relapse through attenuation of withdrawal symptoms and craving. " 02/01/2000 - "Smoking abstinence rates and withdrawal symptom relief were compared to the placebo (n = 153) arm of a previously reported bupropion smoking cessation trial. " 11/01/2005 - "Among individual withdrawal symptoms (excluding craving), appetite increase was significantly reduced during SR bupropion compared to placebo. " 04/30/2004 - "Thus, in addition to its known effects on spontaneous cigarette craving and withdrawal symptoms, bupropion HCl diminishes cue-induced cigarette craving and appears to attenuate cigarette cue-induced ACC activation. " 12/01/2003 - "The individual symptoms of craving, irritability, and anxiety were significantly reduced in the bupropion group, whereas no withdrawal symptoms were diminished in the placebo group. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
8.	Cocaine (Cocaine HCl)IBA 01/01/1992 - "The Halikas-Crosby Drug Impairment Rating Scale for Cocaine (HAL DIRS-C) is designed to measure improvement in drug treatment through interval assessment of impact of cocaine use on daily functioning, relationships with other people, other alcohol and drug use, cocaine withdrawal symptoms, adverse effects associated with cocaine use, and personal outlook over the previous week. " 08/01/2009 - "Cocaine withdrawal symptoms are thought to play a role in relapse; studies characterizing the symptomatology have yielded mixed findings. " 11/01/2006 - "Among the most powerful predictors of response to psychosocial treatment are cocaine withdrawal symptom severity and the results of a urine drug screen (UDS) collected at study entry. " 04/01/2003 - "The purpose of this two part study was to better characterize cocaine users based on self-reported cocaine withdrawal symptoms by examining screening data and response to smoked cocaine in the human laboratory. " 03/01/2001 - "This study evaluated the ability of cocaine withdrawal symptoms, measured by the Cocaine Selective Severity Assessment (CSSA) and initial urine toxicology results, to predict treatment attrition among 128 cocaine dependent veterans participating in a 4-week day hospital treatment program. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
9.	Naloxone (Narcan)FDA LinkGeneric 12/01/1991 - "This study examined naloxone-precipitated withdrawal symptoms from 24 to 168 h after pretreatment with a single 30-mg i.m. " 05/01/2009 - "NAc DA increased in vehicle-treated rats significantly more than in AV411-treated rats before naloxone treatment, and withdrawal symptoms were significantly reduced in AV411-treated rats. " 05/01/2006 - "However, two patients developed significant opiate withdrawal symptoms after receiving enteral naloxone. " 06/20/2002 - "After 7 days, withdrawal symptoms were precipitated by naloxone (1 mg/kg) and brains were removed 30 min after naloxone injection. " 04/01/2000 - "We assessed catecholamine plasma concentrations, oxygen consumption, cardiovascular variables, and withdrawal symptoms after naloxone and tested the hypothesis that variables are influenced by the anesthetic administered during detoxification. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
10.	Buspirone (Buspar)FDA LinkGeneric 12/01/1998 - "The most recent studies have been unable to demonstrate the efficacy of buspirone in smoking cessation or in the relief of withdrawal symptoms. " 05/01/2003 - "It is concluded that buspirone was effective in attenuating the objective and subjective withdrawal symptoms that follow opiate use cessation." 02/01/1992 - "In a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial, we determined the effects of buspirone on the withdrawal symptoms associated with smoking cessation in 40 long-term cigarette smokers. " 01/01/1992 - "Buspirone effect on tobacco withdrawal symptoms: a randomized placebo-controlled trial." 01/01/1991 - "This paper reports on a double blind trial of the effect of buspirone, 15 mg per day, on cigarette withdrawal symptoms and ability of smokers to maintain abstinence during treatment. " Order ALL the reference details at left...

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy) 12/01/2004 - "A better understanding of the brain systems underlying drug withdrawal may help in the development of improved pharmacotherapies that can alleviate drug withdrawal symptoms. " 11/01/2005 - "The majority of published studies evaluating cannabis pharmacotherapies have focused on decreasing withdrawal symptoms: a growing number of medications reduce symptoms in laboratory animals, but the majority of these medications have not been tested in humans. " 07/01/1997 - "Withdrawal symptoms due to abrupt discontinuation of drug therapy can be profound and dangerous. " 03/01/1996 - "Standard treatment for alcohol abuse may include pharmacotherapy to alleviate withdrawal symptoms followed by psychotherapy in inpatient and/or outpatient settings. " 03/01/1996 - "Standard treatment for alcohol abuse may include pharmacotherapy to alleviate withdrawal symptoms followed by psychotherapy in inpatient and/or outpatient settings. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
2.	Analgesia 01/01/2008 - "However, the loss of analgesia and opioid withdrawal symptoms were described as adverse effects. " 04/01/2006 - "Inadequate analgesia, adverse medication effects, and opioid withdrawal symptoms can precipitate a stressful situation that may be perceived as dangerous or threatening by patients who are predisposed to anxiety. " 04/01/2006 - "Maintaining adequate analgesia and managing opioid withdrawal symptoms may be difficult. " 11/01/2001 - "However, because they also act centrally, they may provoke opioid withdrawal symptoms or reverse analgesia in some patients. " 09/01/1989 - "Kendall's correlation analysis revealed a positive relationship between intensity of withdrawal symptoms and analgesia index in the hot plate test (tau = +0.343, p. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
3.	Nebulizers and Vaporizers (Inhaler) 05/01/2001 - "RESULTS: Of 27 studies that reported effects of oral nicotine products on at least one withdrawal symptom, 12 met the quality criteria (eight for nicotine gum, three for inhaler, one for microtab, none for 1 mg lozenge). " 05/01/2001 - "METHODS: All published studies reporting effects of nicotine gum, inhaler, lozenge and sublingual tablet on recognised withdrawal symptoms were scanned and those that met a set of quality criteria were included in the review. " 09/01/2003 - "Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) is available in different forms (gum, transdermal patch, nasal spray, inhaler, sublingual tablet and lozenge), and has been shown to relieve withdrawal symptoms and to double abstinence rates compared to placebo. " 01/01/1995 - "Fifteen subjects participated in a randomised, placebo-controlled cross-over study to assess the effect of a nicotine vapour inhaler on craving and other withdrawal symptoms during a two-day smoking-free period. " 12/01/2003 - "This article reviews various NRT formulations, including chewing gum, patch, nasal spray, tablet and inhaler, and our experience of using NRT in medical practice, such as adverse events, withdrawal symptoms and the efficacy of NRT in patients with coronary heart disease (angina pectoris, cardiac arrhythmias, etc.), are briefly mentioned. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
4.	Aftercare (After-Treatment) 02/01/1992 - "No evidence of tolerance or withdrawal symptoms was seen after treatment was stopped. " 01/01/1989 - "Hormonal withdrawal symptoms after treatment were noted in 45% of the patients. " 07/01/2005 - "The treatment group in change of total scores for withdrawal symptoms before and after treatment, the total scores for withdrawal symptoms at the 4th and 5th days, treatment of insomnia and the score for self-Hamilton Anxiety Scale and the score after at the 4th day was superior to the control group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01, P < 0.001). " 01/01/2006 - "Many of these gene expression changes underlie the alterations in neuronal excitability, cell morphology and cell birth or death responsible for producing morphine's rewarding effects, the development of dependence, and withdrawal symptoms after treatment ends." 06/01/2004 - "After treatment and progressive reduction of fentanyl, the patient remains in good condition, and is currently taking the initial dose of the drug transdermally, without having experienced any withdrawal symptoms." Order ALL the reference details at left...
5.	Intraperitoneal Injections 08/01/1975 - "Withdrawal symptoms can be precipitated by intraperitoneal injection of naloxone, without removal of the pellet, and up to 70% of a group of mice show the characteristic urge to jump off a raised platform. " 05/01/2007 - "Intraperitoneal injections of methylnaloxone iodide in a daily dose of 2 mg/kg over 3 days after morphine withdrawal reduced the severity of withdrawal symptoms. " 07/01/2003 - "RESULTS: Intraperitoneal injection of 5 mg.kg(-1) N-nitro-L-arginine suppresses most of the withdrawal symptoms of morphine dependent rats. " Order ALL the reference details at left...

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