Spasm (Spasms)

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4230 relevant articles (337 outcomes, 318 trials/studies) found for this Disease

Description: An involuntary contraction of a muscle or group of muscles. Spasms may involve skeletal muscle (MUSCLE, SKELETAL) or smooth muscle (MUSCLE, SMOOTH).

Also Known As:

Spasms; Muscle Spasm; Muscle Spasms; Spasm, Muscle; Muscular Spasm; Spasm, Ciliary Body; Spasm, Generalized; Ciliary Body Spasm; Ciliary Body Spasms; Generalized Spasm; Generalized Spasms; Muscular Spasms; Spasm, Muscular; Spasms, Ciliary Body; Spasms, Generalized; Spasms, Muscle; Spasms, Muscular

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Nervous System Diseases: 3424

Neurologic Manifestations: 2879

Neuromuscular Manifestations: 11

Spasm: 4230

Hemifacial Spasm: 466

Trismus: 239

Signs and Symptoms Pathological Conditions

Signs and Symptoms

Neurologic Manifestations: 2879

Neuromuscular Manifestations: 11

Spasm: 4230

Hemifacial Spasm: 466

Trismus: 239

Related Diseases

1.	Pain (Aches)
2.	Spasm (Spasms)
3.	Hypertension (High Blood Pressure)
4.	Pathologic Constriction (Stenosis)
5.	Muscle Spasticity (Spastic)

Experts

1.	Yoshimura, Michihiro: 8 articles (05/2008 - 01/2002)
2.	Ogawa, Hisao: 7 articles (05/2008 - 01/2002)
3.	Sueda, Shozo: 6 articles (01/2007 - 06/2002)
4.	Fukuda, Hiroshi: 6 articles (01/2007 - 06/2002)
5.	Kohno, Hiroaki: 6 articles (01/2007 - 06/2002)
6.	Nakayama, Masafumi: 5 articles (05/2008 - 01/2002)
7.	Yasue, Hirofumi: 5 articles (05/2008 - 01/2002)
8.	Uraoka, Tadao: 5 articles (12/2004 - 06/2002)
9.	Kawada, Hiroyuki: 4 articles (12/2004 - 09/2002)
10.	Ochi, Naoto: 4 articles (12/2004 - 09/2002)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Spasm:

1.	Nitroglycerin (Dynamite)FDA LinkGeneric 04/01/1980 - "The risk of serious complications (such as arrhythmias) is very low provided that an induced spasm is immediately relieved by intracoronary injection of nitroglycerin" 05/01/1983 - "Intravenous nitroglycerin was effective in treating the second episode of coronary artery spasm" 05/01/1981 - "These results demonstrate that nitroglycerin ointment provides effective, long-lasting protection against angina due to coronary spasm." 07/01/2007 - "The authors present a case of coronary sinus spasm during left ventricular lead implantation for biventricular pacing relieved by direct infusion of nitroglycerin." 09/01/2006 - "We studied the efficacy of systemic versus local nitroglycerin in relieving radial artery spasm caused by needle entry resulting in failed cannulation" Order ALL the reference details at left...
2.	Baclofen FDA LinkGeneric 08/01/1992 - "Baclofen dramatically reduced spasms, resulting in more stable ventilation, improved ease of care, reduced distress and better integration into the community" 09/01/1997 - "In every case intrathecal baclofen therapy resulted in a statistically significant reduction in upper- and lower-extremity tone, spasm frequency, and reflexes, contributing to improved functional abilities" 05/01/2003 - "This literature review shows evidence that intrathecally administered baclofen is effective in reducing the positive signs of spasticity (tone, spasms, reflex activity)" 01/01/1990 - "Lioresal is effective in reducing spasms" 01/01/2004 - "In open-label studies of oral baclofen, the drug improved spasticity in 70-87% of patients; additionally, improvement in spasms was reported in 75-96% of patients" Order ALL the reference details at left...
3.	CalciumIBA 10/01/1988 - "After intracoronary injection of calcium channelblockers the spasm resolved completely" 02/01/1983 - "Because in such patients fluctuations in coronary arterial tone play an important role in determining the response to exercise, calcium antagonistic drugs, which lower coronary tone and prevent the occurrence of coronary spasm, are effective in increasing exercise capacity." 01/01/1984 - "Thus, our animal experiments as well as successful clinical trials highlight the outstanding efficacy of calcium antagonists in neutralizing all types of extramural coronary artery spasm" 04/01/1987 - "It is suggested that coronary artery spasm was the cause of angina in this case and that sublingual or intravenous calcium antagonist was more effective in the treatment of acute attack of vasospastic angina than sublingual TNG." 10/01/1993 - "beta-blockade is effective in treating effort-related angina, as are calcium antagonists, which are also effective in treating coronary spasm" Order ALL the reference details at left...
4.	Botulinum Toxins (Botulinum Toxin)IBA 04/01/1993 - "Local injections of botulinum toxin resulted in spectacular regression of laryngeal spasms and major improvement in breathing" 01/01/2003 - "Botulinum toxin A is an effective treatment for reducing spasms in these patients" 02/01/1999 - "Botulinum toxin therapy is non-invasive and effective for cricopharyngeal spasm" 05/01/1998 - "Botulinum toxin seems to be effective in the management of facial spasm." 05/01/2002 - "Regardless, botulinum toxin is considered a safe therapy for inappropriate muscle spasms with adverse effects being typically self-limited" Order ALL the reference details at left...
5.	Diltiazem (Cardizem)FDA LinkGeneric 02/18/1982 - "It is concluded that diltiazem is highly effective and well tolerated for the long-term prophylaxis and treatment of angina in patients with coronary spasm." 08/01/1990 - "Diltiazem, in our study, did not yield in a significant improvement of symptoms in diffuse oesophageal spasm" 02/01/1983 - "Thus, we conclude that diltiazem is effective in the treatment of postinfarction angina caused by coronary artery spasm." 02/01/1983 - "Diltiazem is effective for the long-term control of symptoms of active coronary artery spasm." 08/01/1990 - "Efficacy of diltiazem in the treatment of diffuse oesophageal spasm." Order ALL the reference details at left...
6.	Nifedipine (Adalat)FDA LinkGeneric 07/01/1983 - "Thus, patients with coronary spasm selected because of a favorable short-term response to nifedipine were effectively treated over the long term with nifedipine; however, additional therapy was often needed to control symptoms" 11/01/1985 - "In 1 patient, nifedipine was effective in prolonging exercise tolerance by preventing the occurrence of coronary spasm and by increasing blood supply to the ischemic region during exercise." 10/01/1982 - "In certain selected patients in whom coronary artery spasm is responsible for myocardial collapse, the drug nifedipine may be effective in relieving this spasm and allowing for myocardial recovery." 10/22/1979 - "Nifedipine appears to be effective in the management of patients with symptomatic coronary arterial spasm and normal or mildly abnormal coronary arteriograms" 01/01/1988 - "After daily oral administration of nifedipine (NIF) for 2 weeks, intra-CA re-infusion study of ACh did not provoke any CA spasms" Order ALL the reference details at left...
7.	Ergonovine (Ergometrine)IBA 04/01/1997 - "After 3 months of medication, left ventriculography disclosed a marked improvement, and coronary spasm was evoked in the proximal portion of left anterior descending artery after intracoronary ergonovine provocations" 06/01/2004 - "Coronary stenting of the site identified by ergonovine provocation testing was effective in relieving provoked and spontaneous spasm." 12/01/1986 - "Prior infusion of CGRP did not prevent coronary arterial spasm induced by ergonovine in two patients with variant angina, but a subsequent bolus of CGRP partially relieved the spasm" 12/01/1981 - "Remission of coronary spasm confirmed by angiography and ergometrine provocation: two case reports." 10/01/1981 - "We analyzed the results of 61 consecutive outpatient ergonovine provocation tests to determine the safety and efficacy of such outpatient testing for detecting coronary artery spasm (CAS)" Order ALL the reference details at left...
8.	Isosorbide Dinitrate (Isordil)FDA LinkGeneric 12/01/1985 - "A selective right coronary opacification showed complete occlusion at the junction of segments 1 and 2. An intracoronary injection of isosorbide dinitrate relieved a coronary spasm and allowed a complete visualization of the right coronary artery" 07/10/2007 - "Isosorbide dinitrate was injected immediately, and the provoked spasm was soon relieved" 03/01/1992 - "Coronary artery spasm was promptly relieved by intracoronary isosorbide dinitrate infusion" 02/01/1992 - "The spasm was relieved only after a prolonged intravenous infusion of isosorbide dinitrate." 12/01/2004 - "The need for intracoronary administration of isosorbide dinitrate to relieve coronary spasms during ER testing before performing another coronary artery test was more frequently observed in ACh tests (5.04% compared with 1.49%, P<0.01)" Order ALL the reference details at left...
9.	PapaverineIBA 10/01/2004 - "Papaverine delivery to the internal mammary artery pedicle effectively treats spasm." 04/01/2001 - "Consequently, to relieve perioperative spasm of the IMA, application of papaverine injected into the periarterial tissues of its pedicle was considered to be a safe and effective alternative to topical or intraluminal application." 08/01/2005 - "The strongest evidence for safe prevention of spasm is for papaverine given topically and periarterially, however many studies have also shown no benefit and thus no treatment at all is an entirely acceptable strategy." 10/01/2008 - "Use of intra-arterial papaverine for severe arterial spasm during radial cardiac catheterization." 08/01/2008 - "Novel use of continuous topical papaverine infusion delivered via a balloon pump to help maintain vascular patency in a case of intractable arterial spasm in a smoker." Order ALL the reference details at left...
10.	Verapamil (Calan)FDA LinkGeneric 07/12/1980 - "While two patients did not respond, in most patients verapamil was effective in preventing attacks of angina due to coronary spasm." 04/01/1999 - "Urgent angiography confirmed the diagnosis and intracoronary infusion of nitroglycerine and verapamil relieved the coronary spasm." 10/01/2008 - "However, arterial spasm is often encountered and usually amenable to nitrate/verapamil therapy" 07/21/2004 - "Here we report the use of an intra-arterial CCB, verapamil, to treat flow-limiting mechanically-induced spasm of the common carotid artery (CCA) in a primate" 06/01/1994 - "It generally responds promptly to intracoronary verapamil administration, suggesting that distal microvascular spasm may be its etiology." Order ALL the reference details at left...

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Transplants (Transplant) 08/01/2004 - "Selective endothelinA-receptor blockade may prove beneficial in preventing graft spasm in the radial as well as the internal mammary artery." 04/01/2002 - "Diagnosis of the cause of the suboptimal condition was insufficient graft flow in 16 patients, and spasm of the ungrafted coronary artery in 3. Additional myocardial ischemic time was 17 9 minutes, and the graft flow was 59 25 ml/min. Additional bypass was effective in 94.5%" 12/01/2003 - "The spasm could not be relieved with intraluminal vasodilator therapy, and the patient underwent reoperation using a saphenous vein graft-anastomosed distal to radial artery." 03/01/2001 - "CONCLUSIONS: The free gastroepiploic artery grafting with venous drainage technique we developed can prevent graft spasm, leading to improved patency rate." 07/01/2000 - "In 1 patient, spasm of the radial artery graft was observed that was relieved 3 weeks later spontaneously" Order ALL the reference details at left...
2.	Activities of Daily Living (ADL) 09/01/1974 - "Activities of daily living showed marked improvement in 3 cases and moderate improvement in 8. All 13 patients reported decreases in the frequency of intermittent painful spasm" 03/01/1993 - "Significant reduction in muscle tone and frequency of spasms have contributed to improved function with activities of daily living, bladder management, overall comfort, and quality of sleep (Penn et al., 1989; Parke, Penn, Savoy, & Corcos, 1989)" 02/01/1987 - "The greatest benefits to the patients were improvement in activities of daily living and better sleep due to reduced spasms" 07/01/2001 - "The tone intensity scales, spasm frequency scores, global scales of motor impairment, ADL scales, upper extremity dexterity and strength testing, examination techniques and maneuvers to differentiate rectus femoris from iliopsoas and gastrocnemius from soleus tightness, clinical gait scores, EMG and goniometric pendulum test has been mentioned." 11/01/1993 - "All subjects experienced good to excellent decrease in tone, frequency of spasms and interference with ADL from 3 to 24 hours depending on treatment variables used" Order ALL the reference details at left...
3.	Stents 07/01/1999 - "We performed a prospective study to establish the efficacy of coronary stent placement in a highly selected group of patients with focal coronary artery spasm in whom anginal attacks could not be prevented by full medical therapy" 04/01/1999 - "Although this spasm was gradually relieved by intracoronary infusion of ISDN, marked spasm was also observed distal to the P-S stent; complete relief was achieved by infusion of additional ISDN." 04/01/1994 - "In view of these good results and to decrease postoperative discomfort from bladder spasms, we performed 37 consecutive meatal based flap repairs without stents" 06/01/2006 - "Previous studies have shown that coronary stents have radial strength above the pressure induced by coronary artery spasm" 01/01/2005 - "The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence of new stent-edge spasms after stenting" Order ALL the reference details at left...
4.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy) 05/01/2000 - "Catheter placement for blood brain-barrier disruption and enhanced chemotherapy delivery can sometimes trigger arterial spasm of moderate-to-severe degree" 04/14/2000 - "CONCLUSION: Thoracoscopic longitudinal oesophageal myotomy can provide a therapeutic alternative in patients with oesophageal spasms when drug therapy and pneumatic oesophageal dilatation have failed." 03/01/1999 - "Prinzmetal variant angina due to epicardial coronary artery spasm is a disease usually treated with drug therapy with successful results" 12/01/1998 - "We report an unconventional approach of coronary artery stenting to treat coronary artery spasm in variant angina refractory to triple drug therapy" 07/01/1987 - "Perioperative guidelines for the prevention and treatment of arterial spasm--including topical and systemic pharmacotherapy and refined surgical techniques--are outlined on the basis of our subsequent experience." Order ALL the reference details at left...
5.	Nursing Care 12/01/2002 - "A reduction in muscle tone or painful spasms was observed in all patients within 2 weeks, leading to an improvement in gait and increased ease of nursing care" 03/01/2007 - "FIM-mobility scores did not change from baseline, but certain functional domains improved, such as gait, transfers, and sitting; decreased assistance for activities of daily living (ADL) and nursing care; decreased painful spasms; and increased community mobility and participation in recreational activities" 01/01/2001 - "Consequently, physiotherapeutic approaches should be applied primarily and antispastic drug therapy secondarily in mobile patients; whereas antispastic drugs may relieve muscle spasms and improve nursing care in immobilized patients." 01/01/2003 - "BACKGROUND: Spasticity is a common problem in MS patients causing pain, spasms, loss of function and difficulties in nursing care" 01/01/2001 - "BACKGROUND: Spasticity is a common problem in MS patients causing pain, spasms, loss of function and difficulties in nursing care" Order ALL the reference details at left...

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