Sinoatrial Block

Disturbance in the atrial activation that is caused by transient failure of impulse conduction from the SINOATRIAL NODE to the HEART ATRIA. It is characterized by a delayed in heartbeat and pauses between P waves in an ELECTROCARDIOGRAM.

Also Known As:

Sinoatrial Exit Block; Block, Sinoatrial; Block, Sinoatrial Exit; Blocks, Sinoatrial; Blocks, Sinoatrial Exit; Exit Block, Sinoatrial; Exit Blocks, Sinoatrial; Sinoatrial Blocks; Sinoatrial Exit Blocks

Networked: 62 relevant articles (1 outcomes, 1 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Bradycardia
2.	Atrioventricular Block
3.	Sick Sinus Syndrome
4.	Ventricular Tachycardia
5.	Supraventricular Tachycardia

Experts

1.	Cartagena, Juan: 1 article (06/2022)
2.	Fadah, Kahtan: 1 article (06/2022)
3.	Montanez, Ruben: 1 article (06/2022)
4.	Roongsritong, Chanwit: 1 article (06/2022)
5.	Yohannan, Sandesh: 1 article (06/2022)
6.	Brewer, F C: 1 article (06/2021)
7.	Flanders, W H: 1 article (06/2021)
8.	Kornreich, B G: 1 article (06/2021)
9.	Moïse, N S: 1 article (06/2021)
10.	Otani, N F: 1 article (06/2021)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Sinoatrial Block:

1.	Isoproterenol (Isoprenaline)FDA LinkGeneric 08/01/1971 - "Six patients with symptoms due to sinoatrial block are described in whom no relief or improvement in block occurred when they were treated with isoprenaline or ephedrine. "
2.	Ephedrine FDA LinkGeneric 08/01/1971 - "Six patients with symptoms due to sinoatrial block are described in whom no relief or improvement in block occurred when they were treated with isoprenaline or ephedrine. "
3.	Acetylcholine (Acetylcholine Chloride)FDA Link 06/01/2021 - "Studies of the sinus node suggest that acetylcholine can slow cellular depolarization and block sinoatrial conduction. "
4.	Atropine FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/1981 - "The patient showed S-A conduction disturbances (Mobitz 1 sinoatrial exit block) as noted in two sequential 24-hour recording periods, and a pathologic response to atropine test. " 12/01/1982 - "Patients having either or both of the following anomalies are used: 1) persistent sinus bradycardia (sinus cycle length greater than 1000 msec), or documented episodes of sinoatrial block or arrest and/or 2) maximum corrected SN recovery time of longer than 525 msec before and after atropine. " 10/01/1983 - "An atropine resistant bradycardia was characteristic (HR = 65 +/- 17.2/min) due to advanced or complete AV block (11 cases), sinoatrial block (3 cases, one with right atrial standstill) or sinus/parasinus rhythm (13 cases) inappropriate to the severity of their hemodynamic state. " 01/01/1994 - "Three types of arrhythmia may confirm our positive diagnostic criteria: sinoatrial block in patients with a sinus node recovery time greater than 1,000 ms uninfluenced by atropine atrioventricular block in patients with distal conduction defects during sustained atrial pacing, if necessary after injection of ajmaline: ventricular tachycardia in patients sustained monomorphic VT induced by 2 or 3 extrastimuli. " 01/01/2019 - "The case presented with bradycardia, extreme QT shortening, and sinoatrial block that were resolved after gastric lavage, rehydration, electrolyte (hyperkalemia, hyponatremia, hypocalcemia) correction, and atropine injection. "
5.	Lidocaine (Xylocaine)FDA LinkGeneric 07/01/1978 - "Sinoatrial block and its reversion to sinus rhythm with lidocaine. " 09/01/2004 - "Among the 4,150 receiving prophylactic lidocaine, sinoatrial block occurred in 0.5% and complete infranodal atrial ventricular block occurred in 0.2%, all secondary to the site of infarction (concurrent serum lidocaine levels were < 4 microg/ml). " 11/01/1981 - "Procaine (10-300 micrograms) had similar negative chronotropic and inotropic effects and induced sinoatrial block in 7 of 57 experiments, but unlike lidocaine, procaine produced positive chronotropic and inotropic effects following the initial negative responses in 16 of 57 experiments. " 02/01/1988 - "wt. 234) on a mass basis of 8.1:1. The most prominent arrhythmia found was sinoatrial block, which was caused by both drugs with a potency ratio for bupivacaine to lidocaine of 15.4:1 and was reversed by 0.02 microgram/ml norepinephrine. "
6.	Diltiazem (Cardizem)FDA LinkGeneric 12/01/2000 - "[Sinoatrial block induced by therapeutic doses of diltiazem. " 11/01/1988 - "[Sinoatrial block induced by oral diltiazem]." 01/01/1986 - "One should note that diltiazem induces not only sinus node suppression and atrioventricular conduction disturbance, but also sinoatrial block." 01/01/1986 - "After discontinuation of diltiazem, an ambulatory ECG demonstrated gradual reduction of the occurrence of sinoatrial block, and no recurrence 8 hours after the last dose of the drug. " 01/01/1986 - "Sinoatrial block induced by oral diltiazem."
7.	Amiodarone (Amiodarona)FDA LinkGeneric 11/01/1990 - "Amiodarone-induced concomitant first and second degree sinoatrial block." 06/01/1985 - "Amiodarone-induced sinoatrial block." 01/01/1979 - "[Recording of sinus node potentials in the dog, in sinus rhythm and during different degrees of sinoatrial block induced by injection of amiodarone]." 08/01/1995 - "In the prevention of relapses of ventricular tachycardia beta-blockers and Cordarone were successful when used simultaneously with cardiac stimulation type AAI applied on account of a confirmed sinoatrial block." 11/01/1990 - "The occurrence of concomitant first and second degree sinoatrial block due to chronic amiodarone treatment in 1 patient with moderate mitral valve stenosis is described. "
8.	Moricizine (Moracizine)FDA Link 11/01/1983 - "Ethmozine induced a Stage II sinoatrial block in 3 out of 10 patients with sinus node dysfunction. " 02/20/1990 - "In some patients with sinus node dysfunction, moricizine produced sinus bradycardia, increased sinus node recovery time, and produced second-degree or complete sinoatrial block."
9.	Bepridil (Vascor)FDA Link 06/01/1991 - "Experimental sinoatrial blocks were induced by superfusion of bepridil (10(-5) M) in 15 preparations of isolated rabbit right atria. " 04/01/1986 - "Bepridil was therefore used in a series of 10 preparations to induce sinoatrial block (SAB). "
10.	Verapamil (Calan)FDA LinkGeneric 06/01/2011 - "Life-threatening complications of verapamil poisonings included shock (62%), atrioventricular blocks (24%), sinoatrial blocks (20%), acute respiratory distress syndrome (19%) and cardiac arrest (11%) resulting in death (8%). " 03/01/1988 - "At 10(-6) M verapamil, the incidence of sinoatrial blocks and of ventricular rhythm was similar to the incidence of first degree AV blocks. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Therapeutics 12/20/1968 - "[Pacemaker therapy in sinoatrial block associated with attacks of auricular fibrillation]." 10/01/1983 - "Four types of cardiac side effects were observed: aggravation of existing sinoatrial block (1 case); aggravation of existing intraventricular block (2 cases); aggravation of contractile function which was very poor before therapy (2 cases); and sudden death during therapy in patients with ischemic heart disease in cardiac failure and with incessant resistant VT (2 cases). " 01/01/2016 - "Continuous positive airway pressure therapy could reduce the number of paroxysms of atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter, supraventricular tachycardia and eliminate sinoatrial block. "
2.	Massage (Zone Therapy) 08/07/1994 - "In 39 patients (76%) sinoatrial block, in 12 patients (24%) A-H block was found during carotid sinus massage. " 09/01/1988 - "In a clinical case of 2:1 sinoatrial block, carotid massage, paradoxically, released the sinoatrial block and doubled the manifest sinus rate. " 06/01/1985 - "It is concluded that the application of carotid sinus massage in patients with the hypersensitive carotid sinus syndrome produces profound changes in sinoatrial conduction including sinoatrial exit block, as well as shifts in primary pacemaker site and sinus node arrest. " 06/01/1985 - "After the onset of carotid sinus massage, prolongation of sinoatrial time, slowing of sinus rate of depolarization, sinoatrial exit block and finally sinus node arrest were recorded. "
3.	Percutaneous Coronary Intervention 06/01/2022 - "Resolution of Symptomatic Intermittent Sinoatrial Exit Block Associated With Unstable Angina Following Percutaneous Coronary Intervention."
4.	Continuous Positive Airway Pressure 01/01/2016 - "Continuous positive airway pressure therapy could reduce the number of paroxysms of atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter, supraventricular tachycardia and eliminate sinoatrial block. "
5.	Fluid Therapy (Oral Rehydration Therapy) 01/01/2019 - "The case presented with bradycardia, extreme QT shortening, and sinoatrial block that were resolved after gastric lavage, rehydration, electrolyte (hyperkalemia, hyponatremia, hypocalcemia) correction, and atropine injection. "