Shock

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28767 relevant articles (1193 outcomes, 2210 trials/studies) found for this Disease

Description: A pathological condition that can suddenly affect the hemodynamic equilibrium, usually manifested by failure to perfuse or oxygenate vital organs.

Also Known As:

Collapse, Circulatory; Shock, Hypovolemic; Circulatory Collapse; Hypovolemic Shock

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Signs and Symptoms Pathological Conditions

Pathologic Processes: 2211

Shock: 28767

Hemorrhagic Shock: 3176

Cardiogenic Shock: 1901

Multiple Organ Failure: 1645

Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome: 954

Traumatic Shock: 459

Surgical Shock: 58

Related Diseases

1.	Calculi (Calculus)
2.	Sepsis (Septicemia)
3.	Burns
4.	Ureteral Calculi
5.	Wounds and Injuries (Trauma)

Experts

1.	Sheir, Khaled Z: 18 articles (06/2008 - 03/2002)
2.	McAteer, James A: 14 articles (05/2008 - 09/2002)
3.	Lingeman, James E: 14 articles (05/2008 - 07/2002)
4.	Preminger, Glenn M: 14 articles (05/2008 - 01/2002)
5.	Cuzzocrea, Salvatore: 14 articles (01/2007 - 09/2003)
6.	Wenzel, Volker: 13 articles (06/2008 - 01/2003)
7.	Dünser, Martin W: 13 articles (06/2008 - 05/2003)
8.	Thiemermann, Christoph: 13 articles (02/2007 - 05/2002)
9.	Williams, James C: 11 articles (05/2008 - 09/2002)
10.	Evan, Andrew P: 11 articles (05/2008 - 10/2002)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Shock:

1.	OxygenIBA 09/01/2004 - "Thus, the oxygen-carrying macromolecues are extremely effective in the treatment of shock patients" 06/01/2005 - "There is also evidence that central venous oxygen saturation measurement is beneficial in other types of shock" 06/01/2003 - "CONCLUSION: The presence of 0.9 g/dL of high oxygen affinity MalPEG-Hb improves microvascular blood flow and oxygen transport during shock to a significantly greater extent than that attainable with blood or HES." 09/01/1989 - "These results suggest that the shock-induced MOF is the summation of the cellular dysfunction which can be assessed with the CIS, and that such cellular dysfunction could be improved through the therapeutic approach to the humoral mediators and/or tissue oxygen metabolism." 02/01/2008 - "On the other hand, oxygen breathing improved survival in various shock models" Order ALL the reference details at left...
2.	Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)IBA 10/01/1993 - "3. Comparison of the concentrations of high-energy phosphate metabolites before and after electric shock using 31P-NMR revealed a marked decrease in beta-ATP and an increase in that of Pi" 06/01/2000 - "Heat-shock preconditioning significantly improved the survival rate, suppressed the increase in liver-related enzyme levels and maintained adenosine triphosphate levels (P<0.01 each)" 01/01/1996 - "Administration of Lip-ATP significantly improved hepatic blood flow during shock (13.2 +/- 1.7 ml/min/100 g tissue in the Lip-ATP group vs. 9.4 +/- 2.2, in the control group, and 8.9 +/- 2.9 in the free ATP group) and during reperfusion (20.9 +/- 2.3, 16.3 +/- 2.2, and 16.2 +/- 1.8 ml/min/100 g tissue, respectively)" 09/01/1977 - "It has been shown that infusion of ATP-MgCl2 proved beneficial in the treatment of shock; however, it is not known whether this effect is due to improvement in the microcirculation or direct provision of energy or a combination of the above or other effects" 09/01/2008 - "Before discharge from the hospital each patient had an electrophysiological study (EPS) performed through the device, to assess the efficacy of ATP and low-joule shock at terminating VFVT" Order ALL the reference details at left...
3.	Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (Tumor Necrosis Factor)IBA 11/15/2005 - "Anti-TNF-alpha pretreatment was protective against shock whereas anti-IFN gamma pretreatment and delayed anti-TNF-alpha treatment were not" 04/01/1994 - "The data presented in this report strongly suggest that LZM-LPS complex formation completely abrogates tumor necrosis factor production and the mortality caused by LPS and that LZM may be useful for the treatment of endotoxin shock." 03/01/2000 - "TNF-alpha neutralization improved cardiac function by 50% in the combined shock and clamp rats" 06/30/1999 - "The increase in myocardial TNF-alpha was blunted by prior heat shock and the reduced myocardial TNF-alpha level was correlated with improved cardiac functional recovery" 11/01/1991 - "Single-dose tumor necrosis factor protection against endotoxin-induced shock and tissue injury in rats." Order ALL the reference details at left...
4.	Naloxone (Narcan)FDA LinkGeneric 06/01/2002 - "Pretreatment with naloxone before HS attenuated the protective effects in a dose-dependent fashion, with significant attenuation of protection occurring at 15 mg/kg naloxone versus heat shock (42 +/- 6 vs. 16 +/- 3%, P < 0.001)" 11/01/1988 - "Naloxone treatment improved blood pressure significantly during endotoxin shock, as would be expected with the observed increase in total peripheral vascular resistance and no significant change in cardiac output" 08/01/1980 - "In endotoxin shock in rats, naloxone's effects were stereospecific and were observed with intravenous (iv) doses as low as 0.1 mg/kg. In endotoxin shock in dogs, naloxone treatment significantly improved both cardiovascular parameters and survival" 01/01/2003 - "Many case reports have suggested that naloxone (an opiate antagonist) might be an effective treatment for shock in humans, but others have not supported such a point of view" 10/01/1989 - "Naloxone and shed blood were equally effective in improving hepatic and renal blood flow; gastric, intestinal, pancreatic, and splenic blood flow remained unchanged from shock values in both groups" Order ALL the reference details at left...
5.	Vasopressins (Vasopressin)IBA 01/01/2008 - "The use of vasopressin is an alternative therapy for vasodilatory shock with better outcome" 04/01/2008 - "Any therapeutic efficacy of infusion of vasopressin for post-cardiotomy shock in children is likely due to reasons other than physiologic replacement." 08/01/2007 - "RECENT FINDINGS: Examples of types of shock resistant to catecholamine pressors in which exogenous vasopressin was effective in restoring arterial pressure continued to accumulate" 06/01/2000 - "Vasopressin effective in reversing catecholamine-resistant vasodilatory shock." 07/01/2004 - "Growing evidence suggests that low-dose (<0.04 U/min) vasopressin is safe and effective for the treatment of vasodilatory shock" Order ALL the reference details at left...
6.	Dopamine (Intropin)FDA LinkGeneric 10/26/2007 - "Exposure to mild foot shock stimulated basal dopamine efflux in saline-treated groups only, although the effect was significantly greater in isolation-reared rats" 09/01/1993 - "Dopamine is widely used for the treatment of cardiogenic and hypovolemic shock" 08/01/2002 - "OBJECTIVE: To investigate the protective effects of small dose of dopamine on the intestinal mucosa of scalded rats in shock stage" 08/01/2002 - "The protective effects of small dose of dopamine on the intestinal mucosa of scalded rats in shock stage]" 08/01/1985 - "Dopamine improved the circulation in seven animals; one animal died in refractory shock during dopamine infusion" Order ALL the reference details at left...
7.	Epinephrine (Adrenaline)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/1981 - "There was significantly greater regional flow to spleen, gastrointestinal tract, and pancreas during shock in the epinephrine-tolerant group." 02/01/1966 - "Experimental studies on the shock induced by the injection of epinephrine into the palate and the prevention against it]" 10/01/2008 - "Epinephrine levels were elevated in all shock groups" 03/12/2008 - "INTERVENTION: Instruction for EMS personnel in MICR, an approach that includes an initial series of 200 uninterrupted chest compressions, rhythm analysis with a single shock, 200 immediate postshock chest compressions before pulse check or rhythm reanalysis, early administration of epinephrine, and delayed endotracheal intubation" 09/01/2007 - "Adrenaline is not given before the fourth minute into the reanimation and it is administered before the third electrical external shock" Order ALL the reference details at left...
8.	Heat-Shock Proteins (Heat-Shock Protein)IBA 07/01/1989 - "The clone has a length of 1.1 kb and codes for the complete heat-shock protein which was reported to be associated with the grana region of the thylakoid membranes and ascribes protection against photoinhibition during heat-shock" 05/01/2004 - "This screening yielded three promoters of genes belonging to the heat shock regulon (dnaK, lon, clpPX), suggesting a role for heat shock proteins in protection against, and/or repair of, damage caused by high pressure" 02/01/2005 - "Indeed, there is experimental evidence that overexpression of specific heat shock proteins or heat shock factors produce protective effects similar to those observed after stress preconditioning" 12/01/1995 - "BACKGROUND: Recent studies have shown that improved myocardial salvage after heat-shock pretreatment correlates with the amount of induced cardiac heat-shock protein (HSP)72" 01/01/2002 - "Heat shock factor 1 and heat shock proteins: critical partners in protection against acute cell injury." Order ALL the reference details at left...
9.	Dextrans (Dextran)FDA Link 06/01/1992 - "Infusion of small volumes of hypertonic/hyperoncotic solution (HHL: 7.2% NaCl/10% dextran 60) is highly effective in haemorrhagic shock" 02/01/1993 - "As evidenced by a decline in the end-expiratory arterial CO2 gradient, dextran effected a significant (P < 0.01) improvement in decreased pulmonary CO2 emission during shock" 09/01/2002 - "BACKGROUND: A bolus of 7.5% NaCl-6% Dextran 70 (HSD) is effective in resuscitating hypovolemic shock" 07/01/1955 - "The efficacy of dextrans of different molecular weights in shock secondary to limb clamping." 11/01/1986 - "To study the effects of glucocorticoid on the shock state, dextran-induced shock in rats was used as an experimental model system" Order ALL the reference details at left...
10.	Messenger RNA (mRNA)IBA 03/15/1999 - "Hepatocytes and splenocytes isolated from old female rats showed a marked decrease in the induction of hsp70 mRNA and protein levels by heat shock when compared to hepatocytes and splenocytes isolated from young/adult female rats" 04/01/2003 - "Treatment with NOX (30 mg/kg/h) infused 60 min following the onset of shock over 4 h resulted in significant reduction in cytokine mRNA expression and transcriptional factor activation" 01/01/2000 - "EGR-1 messenger RNA expression in the dorsolateral part of the lateral amygdaloid nucleus was significantly greater in the delayed-shock group compared with the other groups 15 and 30min following the conditioning" 04/30/1996 - "Addition of a saturated fatty acid (SFA) induced a strong increase in heat shock (HS) mRNA transcription when cells were heat-shocked at 37 degrees C, whereas treatment with an unsaturated fatty acid (UFA) reduced or eliminated the level of HS gene transcription at 37 degrees C" 12/01/2004 - "Heat-shock-induced expression of hsp-16.2 mRNA was reduced in cyl-1 mutants and virtually eliminated in hsf-1 and sup-45 mutants, as compared to wild-type expression" Order ALL the reference details at left...

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Lithotripsy (Extracorporeal Shockwave Lithotripsy) 06/01/2005 - "Since 1980, extra corporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) has become the first line treatment for most stones in adults and children" 10/01/2001 - "Although ureteroscopy and shock wave lithotripsy are highly effective for treatment of distal ureteral stones, we believe that HM3 shock wave lithotripsy, albeit slightly more costly, is preferable to manipulation with ureteroscopy since it is equally efficacious, more efficient and less morbid." 09/01/1999 - "Combination therapy using percutaneous nephrolithotomy and extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy has been recommended as the best option for most patients" 09/01/1999 - "We demonstrated that extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy is most effective when waves are delivered at 60 shocks/min." 11/01/1997 - "Shock wave lithotripsy is recommended as first line treatment for most patients with stones 1 cm. or less in the proximal ureter" Order ALL the reference details at left...
2.	Resuscitation 01/01/2006 - "Metabolic activity decreased during shock and improved with resuscitation, without any significant inter-group differences" 06/01/2004 - "We sought to confirm this to be the mechanism by which high-volume saline administration (comparable to that used in resuscitation of shock) results in improved cardiac output in normal healthy volunteers" 10/01/2001 - "CONCLUSION: In case of shock or compulsory delayed resuscitation, rapid fluid resuscitation during early postburn stage was beneficial with critical hemodynamic monitoring" 12/01/1998 - "Resuscitation with DEX and RL produced a weak recovery, still remaining at shock level, while HSD infusion allowed a significant improvement of AKBR and bile flow (P < 0.05 vs shock)" 09/01/1996 - "Shock was characterized by a 66% drop in cardiac index, a 67% drop in mean arterial pressure with a significant increase in total peripheral resistance, and a 78% reduction in tissue oxygenation, all lasting 30 min. Resuscitation from shock with the blood substitute was effective in restoring hemodynamic parameters, producing vasodilation, and improving tissue oxygenation" Order ALL the reference details at left...
3.	Electric Countershock (Cardioversion) 09/01/2001 - "Quadruple pads external cardioversion is highly effective in converting chronic AF refractory to standard shock protocols to sinus rhythm" 01/01/1976 - "The efficacy of DC shock and the maintenance of sinus rhythm after cardioversion was greater in patients with AF having a slower rate and a longer MAP." 12/01/2005 - "CONCLUSION: A strategy of approximately 24-hour delay in cardioversion shock timing decreased the incidence of ERAF, relative to a shock delivered within a few hours of AF onset" 03/01/2002 - "CONCLUSIONS: Reversal of shock polarity does not improve transthoracic cardioversion efficacy with a standard damped sinusoidal monophasic waveform" 01/02/2007 - "The aim of this study was to compare such a protocol with a protocol involving a high initial energy shock, anteroposterior paddle position and reversal of shock polarity, on cardioversion efficacy, total energy delivery, use of sedation and patient tolerability" Order ALL the reference details at left...
4.	Electrodes (Electrode) 04/01/2000 - "Our main results are: application of the external current causes a parametric resonant drift similar to that reported in previous model computations; the ratio of the threshold of elimination of the spiral wave by multiple shocks to the threshold of conventional single shock defibrillation in our model for cardiac tissue is about 0.5, while earlier, less realistic models predicted the value about 0.2; we show that an important factor for successful defibrillation is the location of the feedback electrode and the best results are achieved if the feedback electrode or the ECG lead is located at the boundary (or edge) of the cardiac tissue; the "local" and the "global" feedback algorithms show similar efficiency." 10/01/1999 - "Recent advances in the technique of TADF, particularly in the design and configuration of the electrodes, and the use of an optimal biphasic shock waveform have dramatically improved the efficacy of TADF for the termination of all types of AF" 03/01/1997 - "We hypothesized that switching the current among multiple pathways at high frequency (HF) could allow the switching duty cycle to control the proportion of time-averaged current flowing in each pathway, thus permitting altered (possibly improved) defibrillation efficacy using the same electrodes and shock waveform" 01/01/2004 - "Although this course was judged to be effective in teaching delivery of counter-shocks, the need was identified for more emphasis on positioning of electrodes, pre-shock safety checks, airway opening, ventilation volume, checking for signs of a circulation, hand positioning, and depth and rate of chest compressions." 08/01/1993 - "The purpose of this two-part study was to test the defibrillation efficacy of two new shock sequences, an interleaved biphasic, and a common phase sequential biphasic, that utilized two pairs of electrodes and were developed from the concept of sequential biphasic shocks" Order ALL the reference details at left...
5.	Tourniquets 01/01/1992 - "This experimental model was very useful to study the pathogenesis of tourniquet shock with respect to reproducibility, induction of the shock stages and mortality" 01/01/1976 - "Protection against tourniquet shock was found for ALS made against thymocytes but not for ALS against spleen cells or lymph node cells" 03/01/1964 - "ENHANCED EFFICACY OF PLASMA AFTER AGING IN TREATMENT OF TOURNIQUET SHOCK." 01/01/1962 - "Enhanced efficacy of plasma after aging in the treatment of tourniquet shock." 10/01/1955 - "Protection against tourniquet shock afforded by parabiosis." Order ALL the reference details at left...

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