Schistosomiasis (Bilharziasis)

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2595 relevant articles (126 outcomes, 278 trials/studies) found for this Disease

Description: Infection with flukes (trematodes) of the genus SCHISTOSOMA. Three species produce the most frequent clinical diseases: SCHISTOSOMA HAEMATOBIUM (endemic in Africa and the Middle East), SCHISTOSOMA MANSONI (in Egypt, northern and southern Africa, some West Indies islands, northern 2/3 of South America), and SCHISTOSOMA JAPONICUM (in Japan, China, the Philippines, Celebes, Thailand, Laos). S. mansoni is often seen in Puerto Ricans living in the United States. (Merck Manual, 15th ed)

Also Known As:

Bilharziasis; Bilharziases; Schistosomiases

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Parasitic Diseases: 526

Helminthiasis: 264

Trematode Infections: 52

Schistosomiasis: 2595

Schistosomiasis mansoni: 590

Schistosomiasis japonica: 245

Schistosomiasis haematobia: 175

Neuroschistosomiasis: 13

Related Diseases

1.	Infection
2.	Fibrosis (Cirrhosis)
3.	Portal Hypertension
4.	Granuloma
5.	Malaria
273 Diseases and 823 more articles analyzed in the Full Patient-Physician Summary Report, order at left...

Experts

1.	Correa-Oliveira, Rodrigo: 5 articles (08/2006 - 07/2002)
2.	McManus, Donald P: 4 articles (07/2008 - 07/2006)
3.	Jones, Frances M: 4 articles (05/2008 - 01/2004)
4.	Dunne, David W: 4 articles (05/2008 - 01/2004)
5.	Rutitzky, Laura I: 4 articles (02/2008 - 07/2003)
6.	Stadecker, Miguel J: 4 articles (02/2008 - 07/2003)
7.	Utzinger, Jürg: 4 articles (01/2008 - 06/2002)
8.	Vennervald, Birgitte J: 3 articles (05/2008 - 01/2004)
9.	Ouma, John H: 3 articles (05/2008 - 01/2004)
10.	Mwatha, Joseph K: 3 articles (05/2008 - 01/2004)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Schistosomiasis:

1.	Praziquantel (Biltricide)FDA Link 01/01/1998 - "These features explain how a very poor autonomous region such as Guangxi finally eradicated schistosomiasis, spending less than US$ 0.50 per protected citizen per year; it is remarkable that the disease and snails were initially found across a large area of complex environments and modern drugs such as praziquantel were not available for most of the 40-year period" 03/01/2008 - "Praziquantel is still very effective for the treatment of schistosomiasis, but there are rising concerns on the potential risk of developing resistances because of the extensive use of this drug" 10/05/2001 - "The current drug of choice against schistosomiasis is praziquantel (PZQ), which has minimal side effects and is potent against all schistosome species" 05/01/1992 - "The availability of Praziquantel as a safe and effective treatment makes case findings and treatment an important part of schistosomiasis control" 05/01/1998 - "US$ 0.6/true positive case) associated with the 6 variables model make the questionnaire approach a very useful diagnostic tool for screening marshland and lake communities at high risk for schistosomiasis in China before selective treatment with praziquantel or diagnostic follow-up" Get all the results and reference details, order at left...
2.	AntigensIBA 06/15/2006 - "Cure rates based on circulating anodic antigen levels were much lower than cure rates based on egg counts, with HIV-positive individuals experiencing significantly less clearance of schistosomiasis (cure rate, 31%) than HIV-negative individuals (cure rate, 52%), whereas the magnitude of decrease in circulating anodic antigen was also lower among HIV-positive individuals (P < .01)" 01/01/1992 - "Facilitated and improved by advances in molecular biology, techniques for the immunodiagnosis of schistosomiasis, including assays based on the detection of antigens circulating in the serum and/or excreted in the urine, have now reached the stage of multi-centre trials" 10/01/1992 - "Improved diagnostic performance of the circulating antigen assay in human schistosomiasis by parallel testing for circulating anodic and cathodic antigens in serum and urine." 11/01/1989 - "Strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae expressing P28-I, an antigen inducing protection against schistosomiasis, have been constructed" 11/01/1983 - "Fate and mechanism of clearance of PSAP, a schistosome antigen, in schistosomiasis." Get all the results and reference details, order at left...
3.	AntibodiesIBA 05/01/1999 - "The presence of anti-Schistosoma antibodies in serum is of limited value for the diagnosis of schistosomiasis in general, especially among individuals living in endemic areas; however, their quantification in the CSF has proved to be promising for diagnosis in the few studies conducted for this purpose" 03/01/1989 - "This study presents the characterization of an experimental immunotherapeutic approach for schistosomiasis utilizing antiidiotypic antibodies" 01/01/1983 - "The present study was carried out to test with the immunofluorescent antibody test the presence of antibodies directed against the gut epithelium of adult schistosomes in experimental schistosomiasis in mice" 01/01/1978 - "The use of ELIEDA (enzyme-linked-immuno-electro-diffusion-assay)) in the study of humoral antibodies in human schistosomiasis." 01/01/2005 - "One of three people asking to be screened for schistosomiasis had schistosomal antibodies" Get all the results and reference details, order at left...
4.	VaccinesIBA 12/01/2003 - "Disagreements among researchers in the schistosome field as to whether or not a vaccine is needed have not helped convince funding agencies that schistosomiasis vaccines, rather than drugs, should be a priority" 02/01/2004 - "Several participants evoked the promising experimental results of candidate vaccines against schistosomiasis and noticed delay taken by clinical trials" 04/01/1999 - "Schistosomiasis vaccines: the need for more research before clinical trials." 01/01/1998 - "The facilities of the CERMES include laboratories for bacteriologic and clinical testing, for experimental and clinical trials of vaccines, for studying the parasitological features and mode of transmission of schistosomiasis, for assessment of the results of epidemiological studies and prevention campaigns, and for processing geographic and remote sensing data" 10/01/1997 - "Fields trials of new schistosomiasis vaccines are anticipated within the next few years, but there remains great uncertainty regarding the optimal design of vaccination programmes" Get all the results and reference details, order at left...
5.	Oxamniquine FDA Link 03/01/1979 - "Efficacy of UK 4271 (oxamniquine, Pfizer) in Schistosoma mansoni bilharziasis in western Africa (parasitological and serological study of 252 children)]" 04/01/1997 - "The efficacy of oxamniquine in acute schistosomiasis: a clinical analysis of 28 treated patients." 01/01/1981 - "Efficacy of oxamniquine in Schistosoma mansoni bilharziasis in Madagascar in a hospital milieu]" 01/01/1989 - "This study is based of family heredograms, and takes into account the clinical form of schistosomiasis observed before treatment with oxamniquine" 07/01/1976 - "A study of chromosomes of schistosomiasis patients under oxaminiquine (UK 4271) treatment." Get all the results and reference details, order at left...
6.	Immunoglobulin E (IgE)IBA 07/01/2005 - "IgE expression on the surface of B1 and B2 lymphocytes in experimental murine schistosomiasis." 02/01/1999 - "This similar association of parasite-specific IgE and protection among primates infected with schistosomiasis, along with similar pathology, anatomy, and genetic make-up, indicates that baboons provide an excellent permissive experimental model for better understanding the mechanisms of innate and acquired immunity to schistosomiasis in humans." 02/01/1999 - "Allergic-type immune responses, particularly immunoglobulin E (IgE), correlate with protective immunity in human schistosomiasis" 01/01/1997 - "In humans both elevated specific IgE levels and eosinophil counts are associated with resistance to reinfection with schistosomiasis" 07/01/1994 - "The data suggest that IgE plays a detrimental, rather than beneficial, role for the host in schistosomiasis" Get all the results and reference details, order at left...
7.	NiridazoleIBA 03/01/1967 - "Possibilities of protection against schistosoma in bilharziasis patients, previously treated with Ambilhar]" 09/01/1973 - "A study of the effects of weekly doses of niridazole on schistosome egg output and miricidial hatching in a patient suffering from bilharziasis." 11/01/1968 - "Trial with ambilhar in the treatment of bilharziasis in Iraq." 07/27/1968 - "Further trials of niridazole in urinary tract bilharziasis." 05/01/1966 - "Study of the action of Ciba 32644 BA (Ambilhar) in urinary bilharziasis" Get all the results and reference details, order at left...
8.	artesunateIBA 01/01/2000 - "CONCLUSION: Artesunate is highly effective and safe for the prevention of schistosomiasis." 07/01/2004 - "The wide-spread use of artesunate against schistosomiasis has to be considered carefully, however, if it is not to compromise the efficacy of the drug as an antimalarial, by increasing the risk of resistance developing in local Plasmodium." 11/01/1996 - "A total of 864 persons in highly endemic areas for schistosomiasis were administered either artesunate at a dose of 6 mg/kg once a week for 8 weeks or identical placebo with the same dose-schedule during transmission season for S" 08/01/1983 - "Chemotherapeutic effect of artesunate in experimental schistosomiasis]" 01/01/1999 - "CONCLUSION: A mass chemotherapy in conjunction with health education and oral artesunate for preventing reinfection in transmission season is effective for the control of schistosomiasis in lake regions." Get all the results and reference details, order at left...
9.	myrrh oilIBA 12/01/2005 - "Mirazid (MZ), an oleo-resin extract derived from Myrrh was reported in several experimental and clinical trails to be safe and effective against other trematodes like schistosomiasis and fascioliasis" 08/01/2004 - "A field survey was done in Ezbet El-Bakly (Tamyia Center) El-Fayoum Governorate to determine the magnitude of schistosomiasis haematobium and mansoni and to evaluate the efficacy of Mirazid (the oleo-resin extract from Myrrh of Commiphora molmol tree, family: Burseraceae) in the treatment of both types of schistosomiasis" 12/01/2006 - "Despite some positive results, myrrh is apparently ineffective against schistosomiasis, but fortunately no resistance to praziquantel has developed" Get all the results and reference details, order at left...
10.	Immunoglobulin M (IgM)IBA 07/01/2005 - "The diagnostic efficacy of 97.8%, as determined with schistosomiasis patients with low parasitic burden, suggests the excellent performance of the IgM-ELISA and its usefulness for the diagnosis of schistosomiasis when applied in low endemic areas." 10/01/1999 - "The study concluded that IgM associated-CIC may be responsible for the immunopathology of chronic schistosomiasis." 02/01/2008 - "The results indicate the potential usefulness of IgM-IFT as a screening test, subject to subsequent confirmation using a parasitological method, in low-endemic areas for schistosomiasis." 01/01/2003 - "IgM-ELISA is a potentially useful method for diagnosis of schistosomiasis in individuals with low worm burden." 06/01/2002 - "IgM-immunofluorescence test as a diagnostic tool for epidemiologic studies of Schistosomiasis in low endemic areas." Get all the results and reference details, order at left...
749 Drugs and Important Bio-Agents and 2307 more articles analyzed in the Full Patient-Physician Summary Report, order at left...

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy) 09/01/2000 - "An effort to eradicate schistosomiasis as a public health problem in these areas, by means of mass chemotherapy in regions of high prevalence and selective chemotherapy in others, provided good results initially but a lasting effect proved unattainable with chemotherapy alone" 01/01/1991 - "The established McAb-IIID 10 involved Dot-ELISA was found of value in the assessment of effective chemotherapy and showed a high negative conversion rate of 97.9% in 48 cured schistosomiasis patients" 05/01/2002 - "The chemotherapy of schistosomiasis has improved greatly in the last few decades" 05/01/2002 - "We analyzed the data derived from case study of morbidity control for schistosomiasis, and evaluated the efficacy of chemotherapy" 12/01/1996 - "Efficacy of an antipathology vaccine in murine schistosomiasis administered with and without chemotherapy." Get all the results and reference details, order at left...
2.	Aftercare (After-Treatment) 04/18/1992 - "Improved semen quality after treatment for schistosomiasis." 03/01/1994 - "In schistosomiasis patients, two cytogenetic studies were carried out before and after treatment with PQ" 08/01/1993 - "To study CHR as parameter for pattern of reaction after treatment, 120 school children with acute mansonian schistosomiasis were examined CHR was done before and one month after treatment" 07/01/2006 - "The rates of negative turning were 43.9% and 62.1% respectively in chronic schistosomiasis at the 6 month and 12 month intervals after treatment" 10/01/2001 - "Blood samples were taken to assay for cytokine secretion 1 year after treatment for schistosomiasis" Get all the results and reference details, order at left...
3.	Splenectomy 01/01/1999 - "Although total splenectomy improved the haematological pattern and the cytopenias, which are prominent features in hepatosplenic schistosomiasis, yet the immunological profile was still altered" 09/01/2006 - "The aim of this study was to analyze the phagocyte rate and the cellular viability of monocytes in patients with hepatosplenic schistosomiasis, who underwent splenectomy and spleen autoimplantation from 1991 to 2001" 11/01/1999 - "Histological, ultrastructural, morphometric and immunohistochemical data obtained from the study of spleens removed by splenectomy from 34 patients with advanced hepatosplenic schistosomiasis revealed that the main alterations were congestive dilatation of the venous sinuses and diffuse thickening of the splenic cords" 01/01/1999 - "This study was carried out on forty cases, classified into 3 groups; group I: 10 healthy controls subjects, group II: 20 patients with hepatosplenic schistosomiasis and group III: 10 bilharzial patients who underwent total splenectomy" 10/01/2004 - "The two indicators in the advanced schistosomiasis patients with splenectomy returned to normal" Get all the results and reference details, order at left...
4.	Sclerotherapy 12/01/2005 - "Endoscopic sclerotherapy of oesophageal varices due to hepatosplenic schistosomiasis" 08/01/2002 - "Endoscopic sclerotherapy of oesophageal varices due to hepatosplenic schistosomiasis" 01/01/1996 - "Longterm outcome of endoscopic sclerotherapy of variceal bleeding: comparative study between schistosomiasis and others." 01/01/1992 - "Sclerotherapy of esophageal varices in schistosomiasis patients]" 10/01/1989 - "Results of sclerotherapy in 100 patients comparison of the outcome between schistosomiasis and hepatitis B." Get all the results and reference details, order at left...
5.	Combination Drug Therapy (Combination Chemotherapy) 05/01/2003 - "Combination chemotherapy of schistosomiasis in laboratory studies and clinical trials." 02/01/2004 - "The experience gained with combination chemotherapy in schistosomiasis and STH is briefly discussed" 03/01/1991 - "The efficacy of the highly selective antischistosomal combination chemotherapy with tubercidin (7-deazaadenosine) plus nitrobenzylthioinosine 5'-monophosphate (NBMPR-P), [el Kouni et al., Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 80: 6667-6670, 1983; el Kouni et al., Biochem Pharmacol 36: 3815-3821, 1987] was examined against chronic and advanced stages of schistosomiasis in mice" Get all the results and reference details, order at left...
52 Therapies and Procedures and 428 more articles analyzed in the Full Patient-Physician Summary Report, order at left...

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