RNA Virus Infections

1.	Infection
2.	Human Influenza (Influenza)
3.	HIV Infections (HIV Infection)
4.	Tropical Spastic Paraparesis (Tropical Spastic Paraplegia)
5.	Poxviridae Infections

Experts

1.	Ebihara, Takashi: 1 article (10/2007)
2.	Shingai, Masashi: 1 article (10/2007)
3.	Masuda, Hisayo: 1 article (10/2007)
4.	Seya, Tsukasa: 1 article (10/2007)
5.	Kikuta, Hideaki: 1 article (10/2007)
6.	Matsumoto, Misako: 1 article (10/2007)
7.	Akazawa, Takashi: 1 article (10/2007)
8.	Ariga, Tadashi: 1 article (10/2007)
9.	Hayward, S Diane: 1 article (02/2007)
10.	Gopinath, Kodetham: 1 article (02/2007)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to RNA Virus Infections:

1.	Antiviral Agents (Antivirals)IBA 02/01/2005 - "Given the recent observation that RNA viruses exist on the threshold of error catastrophe, the studies reviewed herein suggest novel strategies to perturb RdRP fidelity that may lead ultimately to the development of antiviral agents to treat RNA virus infection." 01/01/2008 - "RNA virus infections cause immense human disease burdens globally, and few effective antiviral drugs are available for their treatment. " 01/01/2003 - "We speculate that incorporated nucleoside analogues with the capacity of changing the thermodynamics of regulatory secondary structures (with or without introducing mutations) may represent an important class of new antiviral agents for the treatment of RNA virus infections, especially HCV." Order ALL the reference details at left...
2.	Interferon Type IIBA 02/01/2008 - "The innate immune system initially recognizes RNA virus infection and evokes antiviral responses by producing type I interferons (IFNs). " 12/01/2005 - "RNA virus infection substantially increased levels of type-I interferon (IFN) and TLR 3 transcripts and to a lesser extent TLR 9 transcripts. " 07/10/2006 - "IPS-1-deficient mice showed severe defects in both RIG-I- and Mda5-mediated induction of type I interferon and inflammatory cytokines and were susceptible to RNA virus infection. " 01/01/2008 - "(1-4) We have recently found that a key regulator of the autophagic process, the Atg12-Atg5 conjugate, associates with the signaling molecules retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) and interferon-beta promoter stimulator 1 (IPS-1), which are essential for recognition of RNA virus infection and which transmit signals to upregulate type I interferons (IFNs). " 09/01/1999 - "A variety of negative-strand RNA virus infections, including that of PIV3, are inhibited by human MxA protein, a type I interferon (IFN)-inducible GTPase. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
3.	DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)IBA 08/01/2009 - "MAVS-overexpressing cells were almost fully protected against RNA virus infection, with a strong inhibition of both DNA and RNA virus replication (1,000- and 10,000-fold decreases, respectively). " 09/01/2008 - "OBJECTIVES: Our objective was to develop a method for distinguishing between DNA and RNA virus infections. " 01/01/1993 - "This review briefly summarizes our current understanding of the role played by Langerhans cells and other dendritic cells in the pathogenesis of DNA and RNA virus infections. " 10/17/2008 - "The tumor suppressor protein p53 is activated by distinct cellular stresses including radiation, hypoxia, type I interferon, and DNA/RNA virus infection. " 04/01/2002 - "This includes, for the treatment of HIV infections, virus adsorption inhibitors (cosalane derivatives, cyanovirin-N), co-receptor antagonists (TAK-779, AMD3100), viral fusion inhibitors (pentafuside T-20, betulinic acid derivatives), viral uncoating inhibitors (azodicarbonamide), nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs: emtricitabine, amdoxovir, dOTC, d4TMP prodrugs, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate), non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs: thiocarboxanilide UC-781, capravirine, SJ-3366, DPC 083, TMC 125/R165335), integrase inhibitors (diketo acids), transcription inhibitors (temacrazine, flavopiridol), protease inhibitors (atazanavir, mozenavir, tipranavir); for the treatment of RSV and paramyxovirus infections, viral fusion inhibitors (R170591, VP-14637, NMS03); for the treatment of picornavirus infections, viral uncoating inhibitors (pleconaril); for the treatment of pesti- (hepaci-, flavi-) virus infections, RNA replicase inhibitors (VP-32947); for the treatment of herpesvirus (HSV, VZV, CMV) infections, DNA polymerase inhibitors (A-5021, L- and D-cyclohexenylguanine); for the treatment of VZV infections, bicyclic furopyrimidine analogues; for the treatment of CMV infections, fomivirsen; for the treatment of DNA virus infections at large (papilloma-, polyoma-, herpes-, adeno- and poxvirus infections), cidofovir; for the treatment of influenza, neuraminidase inhibitors (zanamivir, oseltamivir, RWJ-270201); for the treatment of HBV infections, adefovir dipivoxil; for the treatment of HBV and HCV infections, N-glycosylation inhibitors (N-nonyl-deoxynojirimycin); and, finally, IMP dehydrogenase inhibitors and S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase inhibitors, for the treatment of various virus infections, including hemorrhagic fever virus infections." Order ALL the reference details at left...
4.	RNA Helicases (RNA Helicase)IBA 12/01/2006 - "In this review we discuss the current literature for RNA helicases in response to RNA virus infection. " 06/01/2006 - "Intracellular RNA virus infection is detected by the cytoplasmic RNA helicase RIG-I that plays an essential role in signaling to the host antiviral response. " 06/01/2007 - "Intracellular detection of RNA virus infection is mediated by the RNA helicase RIG-I, which is recruited to mitochondria by the adaptor protein MAVS and triggers activation of the transcription factors NF-kappaB, IRF3 and IRF7. " 04/01/2009 - "Intracellular detection of RNA virus infection is mediated by the RNA helicases RIG-I (retinoic acid inducible gene I) and MDA-5, which recognize viral RNA and signal through the adaptor molecule MAVS (mitochondrial antiviral signaling) to stimulate the phosphorylation and activation of the transcription factors IRF3 (interferon regulatory factor 3) and IRF7. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
5.	Tretinoin (Retinoic Acid)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/2008 - "Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and retinoic acid-inducible gene I-like helicases (RLHs) are two major machineries recognizing RNA virus infection of innate immune cells. " 01/01/2007 - "The retinoic acid-inducible gene I product (RIG-I) has been identified as a cellular sensor of RNA virus infection resulting in beta interferon (IFN-beta) induction. " 01/01/2008 - "(1-4) We have recently found that a key regulator of the autophagic process, the Atg12-Atg5 conjugate, associates with the signaling molecules retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) and interferon-beta promoter stimulator 1 (IPS-1), which are essential for recognition of RNA virus infection and which transmit signals to upregulate type I interferons (IFNs). " 04/01/2009 - "Intracellular detection of RNA virus infection is mediated by the RNA helicases RIG-I (retinoic acid inducible gene I) and MDA-5, which recognize viral RNA and signal through the adaptor molecule MAVS (mitochondrial antiviral signaling) to stimulate the phosphorylation and activation of the transcription factors IRF3 (interferon regulatory factor 3) and IRF7. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
6.	InterferonsIBA 10/01/2009 - "IL28B contributes to viral resistance and is known to be upregulated by interferons and by RNA virus infection. " 04/19/2007 - "Furthermore, gene targeting demonstrates that TRIM25 is essential not only for RIG-I ubiquitination but also for RIG-I-mediated interferon- production and antiviral activity in response to RNA virus infection. " 01/01/2002 - "Interferon-inducible MxA protein plays a crucial role in cellular protection from RNA virus infection, although the protection mechanism is not completely clarified. " 09/01/1998 - "CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that the combination of ribozyme or antisense probes with interferon could be a promising approach to the treatment of RNA virus infections." Order ALL the reference details at left...
7.	Transcription Factors (Transcription Factor)IBA 05/01/2005 - "The inducible transcription factor NF-kappaB is commonly activated upon RNA virus infection and is a key player in the induction and regulation of the innate immune response. " 06/01/2007 - "Intracellular detection of RNA virus infection is mediated by the RNA helicase RIG-I, which is recruited to mitochondria by the adaptor protein MAVS and triggers activation of the transcription factors NF-kappaB, IRF3 and IRF7. " 04/01/2009 - "Intracellular detection of RNA virus infection is mediated by the RNA helicases RIG-I (retinoic acid inducible gene I) and MDA-5, which recognize viral RNA and signal through the adaptor molecule MAVS (mitochondrial antiviral signaling) to stimulate the phosphorylation and activation of the transcription factors IRF3 (interferon regulatory factor 3) and IRF7. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
8.	Ribavirin (Virazole)FDA LinkGeneric 03/15/2008 - "Ribavirin is currently used for the treatment of several RNA virus infections clinically, so its anti-EV71 efficacy was evaluated. " 08/20/2004 - "Ribavirin is one of the few nucleoside analogues currently used in the clinic to treat RNA virus infections, but its mechanism of action remains poorly understood at the molecular level. " 04/01/2008 - "Drugs approved for the treatment of RNA virus infections (other than HIV) are the influenza M2 channel inhibitors, amantadine and rimantadine; the influenza neuraminidase inhibitors, oseltamivir and zanamivir, and ribavirin for the treatment of infections with respiratory syncytial virus and hepatitis C virus. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
9.	Zanamivir (Relenza)FDA Link 04/01/2008 - "Drugs approved for the treatment of RNA virus infections (other than HIV) are the influenza M2 channel inhibitors, amantadine and rimantadine; the influenza neuraminidase inhibitors, oseltamivir and zanamivir, and ribavirin for the treatment of infections with respiratory syncytial virus and hepatitis C virus. " 04/01/2002 - "This includes, for the treatment of HIV infections, virus adsorption inhibitors (cosalane derivatives, cyanovirin-N), co-receptor antagonists (TAK-779, AMD3100), viral fusion inhibitors (pentafuside T-20, betulinic acid derivatives), viral uncoating inhibitors (azodicarbonamide), nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs: emtricitabine, amdoxovir, dOTC, d4TMP prodrugs, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate), non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs: thiocarboxanilide UC-781, capravirine, SJ-3366, DPC 083, TMC 125/R165335), integrase inhibitors (diketo acids), transcription inhibitors (temacrazine, flavopiridol), protease inhibitors (atazanavir, mozenavir, tipranavir); for the treatment of RSV and paramyxovirus infections, viral fusion inhibitors (R170591, VP-14637, NMS03); for the treatment of picornavirus infections, viral uncoating inhibitors (pleconaril); for the treatment of pesti- (hepaci-, flavi-) virus infections, RNA replicase inhibitors (VP-32947); for the treatment of herpesvirus (HSV, VZV, CMV) infections, DNA polymerase inhibitors (A-5021, L- and D-cyclohexenylguanine); for the treatment of VZV infections, bicyclic furopyrimidine analogues; for the treatment of CMV infections, fomivirsen; for the treatment of DNA virus infections at large (papilloma-, polyoma-, herpes-, adeno- and poxvirus infections), cidofovir; for the treatment of influenza, neuraminidase inhibitors (zanamivir, oseltamivir, RWJ-270201); for the treatment of HBV infections, adefovir dipivoxil; for the treatment of HBV and HCV infections, N-glycosylation inhibitors (N-nonyl-deoxynojirimycin); and, finally, IMP dehydrogenase inhibitors and S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase inhibitors, for the treatment of various virus infections, including hemorrhagic fever virus infections." Order ALL the reference details at left...
10.	Oseltamivir (Tamiflu)FDA Link 04/01/2008 - "Drugs approved for the treatment of RNA virus infections (other than HIV) are the influenza M2 channel inhibitors, amantadine and rimantadine; the influenza neuraminidase inhibitors, oseltamivir and zanamivir, and ribavirin for the treatment of infections with respiratory syncytial virus and hepatitis C virus. " 04/01/2002 - "This includes, for the treatment of HIV infections, virus adsorption inhibitors (cosalane derivatives, cyanovirin-N), co-receptor antagonists (TAK-779, AMD3100), viral fusion inhibitors (pentafuside T-20, betulinic acid derivatives), viral uncoating inhibitors (azodicarbonamide), nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs: emtricitabine, amdoxovir, dOTC, d4TMP prodrugs, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate), non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs: thiocarboxanilide UC-781, capravirine, SJ-3366, DPC 083, TMC 125/R165335), integrase inhibitors (diketo acids), transcription inhibitors (temacrazine, flavopiridol), protease inhibitors (atazanavir, mozenavir, tipranavir); for the treatment of RSV and paramyxovirus infections, viral fusion inhibitors (R170591, VP-14637, NMS03); for the treatment of picornavirus infections, viral uncoating inhibitors (pleconaril); for the treatment of pesti- (hepaci-, flavi-) virus infections, RNA replicase inhibitors (VP-32947); for the treatment of herpesvirus (HSV, VZV, CMV) infections, DNA polymerase inhibitors (A-5021, L- and D-cyclohexenylguanine); for the treatment of VZV infections, bicyclic furopyrimidine analogues; for the treatment of CMV infections, fomivirsen; for the treatment of DNA virus infections at large (papilloma-, polyoma-, herpes-, adeno- and poxvirus infections), cidofovir; for the treatment of influenza, neuraminidase inhibitors (zanamivir, oseltamivir, RWJ-270201); for the treatment of HBV infections, adefovir dipivoxil; for the treatment of HBV and HCV infections, N-glycosylation inhibitors (N-nonyl-deoxynojirimycin); and, finally, IMP dehydrogenase inhibitors and S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase inhibitors, for the treatment of various virus infections, including hemorrhagic fever virus infections." Order ALL the reference details at left...

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Therapeutics 04/01/2008 - "As RNA virus infection is predicated on the delivery, replication, and translation of viral RNA, these pathogens present an obvious target for the rapidly advancing field of sequence-specific therapeutics. " Order ALL the reference details at left...

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