Rhinophyma

A manifestation of severe ROSACEA resulting in significant enlargement of the NOSE and occurring primarily in men. It is caused by hypertrophy of the SEBACEOUS GLANDS and surrounding CONNECTIVE TISSUE. The nose is reddened and marked with TELANGIECTASIS.

Also Known As:

Networked: 200 relevant articles (16 outcomes, 7 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Rosacea (Acne Rosacea)
2.	Cutaneous Leishmaniasis
3.	Foreign Bodies (Foreign Body)
4.	Edema (Dropsy)
5.	Dermoid Cyst (Dermoid)

Experts

1.	Madan, V: 3 articles (08/2021 - 10/2009)
2.	Cribier, B: 3 articles (09/2014 - 09/2011)
3.	Djedovic, Gabriel: 2 articles (01/2021 - 09/2018)
4.	Morandi, Evi M: 2 articles (01/2021 - 09/2018)
5.	Gupta, Manish: 2 articles (01/2020 - 03/2007)
6.	Hædersdal, Merete: 2 articles (01/2020 - 01/2016)
7.	Dahan, S: 2 articles (11/2011 - 09/2011)
8.	Ko, Francis: 2 articles (03/2006 - 06/2002)
9.	Payne, Wyatt G: 2 articles (03/2006 - 06/2002)
10.	Robson, Martin C: 2 articles (03/2006 - 06/2002)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Rhinophyma:

1.	ErbiumIBA 11/01/2004 - "The gold standard for decortication of rhinophyma: combined erbium-YAG/CO2 laser." 11/01/2004 - "The authors present their technique and the results from decortication of rhinophyma using a combined erbium:YAG/CO(2) laser. " 07/01/2004 - "We describe 6 patients with mild to severe rhinophyma who were treated with a dual-mode erbium:YAG (Er:YAG) laser, which provides the advantages of controlled ablative energy for tissue reduction and excellent intraoperative hemostasis. " 01/01/2001 - "Severe-to-moderate rhinophyma in six patients were treated at our institution between 1995 and 1996, using the Erbium:YAG (Erb:YAG) laser. " 11/01/2011 - "Laser management of hypertrophic rosacea or rhinophyma depends on surgical treatment with decortication, continuous CO(2) ablative laser or Erbium, fractionated at high power, then vascular laser treatment for the telangiectases: lasers with pulsed dye, KTP, or pulsed lights for red laser telangiectases and long pulse Nd-Yag laser for blue telangiectases. "
2.	Carbon DioxideIBA 08/01/2021 - "However fully ablative carbon dioxide (CO2) laser for moderate-severe rhinophyma has been shown to be most effective with good cosmetic outcome and high patient satisfaction. " 01/01/2021 - "Severe rhinophyma treated with double wavelengths carbon dioxide-GaAs laser: a case series." 03/14/2019 - "Fractional carbon dioxide (CO2) laser treatment is a simple, noninvasive, outpatient procedure with a low complication rate that has proved useful in rhinophyma treatment. " 11/01/2016 - "We present a case of a 39-year-old African-American male with long-standing, mild rhinophyma who was successfully treated with two sessions of fractionated carbon dioxide (CO2) laser. " 11/01/2016 - "Successful Treatment of Rhinophyma With Fractionated Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Laser in an African-American Man: Case Report and Review of Literature of Fractionated CO2 Laser Treatment of Rhinophyma."
3.	Isotretinoin (Accutane)FDA LinkGeneric 10/01/2018 - "[Rhinophyma : Successful treatment with low-dose oral isotretinoin]." 12/01/1994 - "Isotretinoin may be effective for inflammatory lesions, edema and rhinophyma in some resistant cases, but its use is limited by its side effects and teratogenicity. " 10/01/2021 - "Rosacea fulminans with rhinophyma and severe eye complications in a young woman treated with isotretinoin." 11/01/1981 - "Thirteen patients with severe rosacea (rosacea papulopustolosa, rosacea conglobata, and rhinophyma) were treated orally with 0.05, 0.5, or 1.0 mg/kg body weight 13-cis-retinoic acid (isotretinoin, Ro 4-3780) for 12-28 weeks. " 05/01/1983 - "Twenty-one patients with severe acne (acne papulopustulosa, acne conglobata, acne cystica), six patients with severe rosacea (rosacea paulopustulosa, rosacea conglobata, rhinophyma), and three patients with tuberous sclerosis were treated with 13-cis-retinoic acid for 6-48 weeks. "
4.	Anti-Bacterial Agents (Antibiotics)IBA 01/01/2013 - "topical or systemic antibiotics, retinoids) are effective for the treatment of acne rosacea, a surgical intervention is appropriate and required in established rhinophyma. " 06/01/2013 - "In its early stages, rhinophyma can be managed with medical treatment using isotretinoin or oral antibiotics (metronidazole). "
5.	YttriumIBA 07/01/2019 - "Objective: We assessed the efficacy of erbium-doped yttrium aluminium garnet (Er:YAG) laser resurfacing as a treatment modality for rhinophyma of all degrees. " 07/01/2019 - "Erbium-doped Yttrium Aluminium Garnet (Er:YAG) Laser Resurfacing Restores Normal Function and Cosmesis in Patients with Severe Rhinophyma."
6.	RetinoidsIBA 01/01/2013 - "topical or systemic antibiotics, retinoids) are effective for the treatment of acne rosacea, a surgical intervention is appropriate and required in established rhinophyma. "
7.	AluminumIBA 07/01/2019 - "Objective: We assessed the efficacy of erbium-doped yttrium aluminium garnet (Er:YAG) laser resurfacing as a treatment modality for rhinophyma of all degrees. " 07/01/2019 - "Erbium-doped Yttrium Aluminium Garnet (Er:YAG) Laser Resurfacing Restores Normal Function and Cosmesis in Patients with Severe Rhinophyma."
8.	liposomal amphotericin BFDA Link 01/01/2019 - "Rhinophyma-Like Cutaneous Leishmaniasis due to Leishmania aethiopica Treated Successfully with Liposomal Amphotericin B."
9.	Transforming Growth Factor beta (TGF-beta)IBA 09/01/2014 - "Finaly, rhinophyma is linked to both vascular changes and activation of fibrosis, involving TGF beta. " 11/01/2000 - "The results of this study demonstrate the overexpression of the fibrogenic protein TGF-beta 2 and TGF-beta II receptor in rhinophyma tissues. " 03/01/2006 - "Persistent overexpression or dysregulated activation of the fibrogenic isoforms of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) is associated with the increased fibroblast function leading to fibrotic conditions such as rhinophyma. " 11/01/2000 - "The dermis of the rhinophyma tissue displayed stronger immunoreactivity of TGF-beta2 (p = 0.014) and TGF-beta II receptor (p = 0.006) compared with the normal skin. " 11/01/2000 - "Peroxidase-labeled immunohistochemical staining was performed in the rhinophyma and normal skin specimens for the presence of transforming growth factor (TGF) beta-2 and/or TGF-beta II receptor. "
10.	Cyclosporine (Ciclosporin)FDA LinkGeneric 12/01/2021 - "We performed a systematic literature review using the National Library of Medicine's PubMed Database, whereby we included articles that met the following criteria: published in English, not focused on SGH in rhinophyma, studies with adult sample with SGH lesions, and studies with patients with SGH related to ciclosporin. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Gas Lasers 11/01/2009 - "Scanned carbon dioxide laser is safe and highly effective treatment for rhinophyma." 09/01/1991 - "In general, use of the CO2 laser is effective for precise decortication of rhinophyma in an office-outpatient setting." 08/01/1987 - "Use of the CO2 laser in the defocused mode to vaporize skin in a bloodless fashion is an effective treatment of rhinophyma, as demonstrated in three patients described in this report." 03/14/2019 - "The aim of this study was to assess the impact of fractional ablative CO2 laser treatment on self-esteem in patients with rhinophyma. " 01/01/2019 - "Case Report: This study presented the experience of the treatment of rhinophyma with the copper vapor laser (CVL) designed with the computerized scanner device. "
2.	Therapeutics 04/01/2012 - "Medical therapy has not been effective in reversing the disease process, and surgery remains the most accepted method of treating rhinophyma. " 09/01/2009 - "Surgical management is well accepted as the best mode of therapy to treat rhinophyma and is becoming a first-line treatment for all phymas." 06/01/2017 - "We report a case of severe rhinophyma resulting in marked facial disfigurement treated successfully with trimodal therapy with excellent cosmetic outcome on a long term follow up." 01/01/2022 - "Five-blades scratcher is an effective therapy for rhinophyma with excellent outcome." 01/01/2022 - "Surgical therapy is the best method for treating moderate-to-severe rhinophyma. "
3.	Lasers (Laser) 10/01/2009 - "The CO(2) laser has been used for treatment of rhinophyma, but the long-term efficacy of the treatment is unknown. " 08/01/2021 - "We describe a series of 7 female patients presenting with rhinophyma to a tertiary NHS laser centre and a private dermatology clinic. " 01/01/2020 - "With the limitations of surgical techniques, lasers gained popularity for treating rhinophyma. " 01/01/2020 - "[Treatmentof rhinophyma with laser and surgery]." 07/01/2019 - "Design, Setting, and Participants: Eleven Caucasian male patients were classified into categories of mild, moderate, or severe rhinophyma and were treated at the University of Rochester Medical Center with a dual mode Er:YAG fully ablative laser. "
4.	Solid-State Lasers 01/01/2020 - "The goal of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of fractional ablative 2940 nm Er:YAG laser for the treatment of mild to moderate rhinophyma. " 01/01/2020 - "Sixteen patients having mild to moderate rhinophyma were treated with fractional ablative 2940 nm Er:YAG laser. " 01/01/2020 - "Novel Management of Rhinophyma by Patterned Ablative 2940nm Erbium:YAG Laser." 07/01/2019 - "Conclusion: Our results suggest Er:YAG laser resurfacing is an effective treatment modality, with low risk and excellent, reproducible cosmetic outcomes, for patients with rhinophyma of any severity." 12/01/2010 - "Cystic lesions associated with rhinophyma treated with an ablative fractional yttrium-scandium-gallium-garnet laser."
5.	Electrosurgery 05/01/2017 - "High-frequency electrosurgery seems to be a procedure that is safe, effective, and relatively cost-effective in the treatment of rhinophyma lesions." 01/01/2023 - "Radiofrequency electrosurgery of severe, extensive rhinophyma: A case series." 06/01/2021 - "Bulky rhinophyma treated by the combination of electrosurgery and a hydrosurgery system: A case report." 05/01/2018 - "Electrosurgery is one of the simplest and most cost-effective techniques currently available for the treatment of rhinophyma by dermatologists." 05/01/2018 - "We describe a series of cases of moderate or severe rhinophyma treated with high-frequency electrosurgery in the dermatology department of Hospital Simón Bolivar and in private clinics in Bogota, Colombia, between 2012 and 2016. "