Retinopathy of Prematurity (Retrolental Fibroplasia)

A bilateral retinopathy occurring in premature infants treated with excessively high concentrations of oxygen, characterized by vascular dilatation, proliferation, and tortuosity, edema, and retinal detachment, with ultimate conversion of the retina into a fibrous mass that can be seen as a dense retrolental membrane. Usually growth of the eye is arrested and may result in microophthalmia, and blindness may occur. (Dorland, 27th ed)

Also Known As:

Networked: 3827 relevant articles (237 outcomes, 508 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Pain (Aches)
2.	Retinal Detachment (Retinal Detachments)
3.	Hemorrhage
4.	Diabetic Retinopathy (Retinopathy, Diabetic)
5.	Birth Weight (Birth Weights)

Experts

1.	Hellström, Ann: 46 articles (03/2022 - 07/2002)
2.	Chiang, Michael F: 39 articles (12/2022 - 01/2007)
3.	Hartnett, M Elizabeth: 39 articles (07/2022 - 07/2003)
4.	Quinn, Graham E: 36 articles (11/2021 - 11/2002)
5.	Wallace, David K: 33 articles (10/2022 - 09/2007)
6.	Smith, Lois E H: 32 articles (03/2022 - 07/2003)
7.	Wu, Wei-Chi: 31 articles (11/2022 - 02/2007)
8.	Freedman, Sharon F: 31 articles (10/2022 - 02/2005)
9.	Berrocal, Audina M: 26 articles (07/2022 - 03/2006)
10.	Chan, R V Paul: 24 articles (12/2022 - 03/2012)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Retinopathy of Prematurity:

1.	Retinaldehyde (Retinal)IBA 01/01/2009 - "The Early Treatment for Retinopathy of Prematurity trial demonstrated that peripheral retinal ablation of eyes with high-risk prethreshold retinopathy of prematurity (early treatment) is associated with improved visual outcomes at 9 months' corrected gestational age compared with treatment at threshold disease (conventional management). " 12/01/2003 - "To determine whether earlier treatment using ablation of the avascular retina in high-risk prethreshold retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) results in improved grating visual acuity and retinal structural outcomes compared with conventional treatment. " 09/01/1996 - "A conventional criticism of animal models of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) concerns the common occurrence of rapid spontaneous resolution of retinal vascular sequelae. " 12/01/2012 - "To explore a clear retinal imaging and output and enhance the development of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) screening, which is safe and effective for ROP screening in premature infants. " 01/01/2022 - "Corrigendum to Screening for Retinopathy of Prematurity Through Utilization a Pediatric Retinal Camera at Jim Pattison Children's Hospital: A Vision for Improved Care."
2.	Bevacizumab (Avastin)FDA Link 07/01/2018 - "Effective dose of bevacizumab for the treatment of retinopathy of prematurityResponse: effective dose of bevacizumab for the treatment of retinopathy of prematurityComputer-assisted digital ımage analysis of plus disease in retinopathy of prematurityRetinopathy of prematurityWhich döşe of bevacizumab is more effective for the treatment of aggressive posterior retinopathy of prematurity: lower or higher dose?" 01/01/2018 - "Which dose of bevacizumab is more effective for the treatment of aggressive posterior retinopathy of prematurity: lower or higher dose?" 01/01/2018 - "A lower dose of intravitreal bevacizumab effectively treats retinopathy of prematurity." 12/01/2016 - "To determine whether a low dose (0.25 mg/0.01 mL) of intravitreal bevacizumab is effective in the treatment of type 1 retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). " 12/01/2016 - "A lower dose of intravitreal bevacizumab effectively treats retinopathy of prematurity."
3.	Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A (Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor)IBA 05/01/2018 - "In retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), the role of VEGF in pathogenesis has been well recognized and the use of anti-VEGF treatment in phase 2 ROP has demonstrated promising results, particularly in severe cases of posterior disease. " 01/01/2017 - "In light of our study, we believe that intravitreal anti-VEGF agents should be used with caution as a first line treatment for the treatment of retinopathy of prematurity." 10/10/2023 - "To compare the efficacy of different anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) agents for the treatment of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in preterm infants. " 09/09/2023 - "Safety and efficacy of intravitreal anti vascular endothelial growth factor for severe posterior retinopathy of prematurity with flat fibrovascular proliferation." 11/15/2022 - "To investigate the efficacy of intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) injection in the treatment of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) and the risk factors for recurrence. "
4.	Oxygen (Dioxygen)IBA 03/01/2019 - "Heated and Humidified High Flow Nasal Canal Oxygen Supplementation as an Effective Treatment for High-Risk Prethreshold Retinopathy of Prematurity." 06/01/2000 - "To test the hypothesis that after supplemental oxygen recovery (SOR) in the newborn rat model of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) the preretinal neovascular (NV) incidence and severity are decreased and the panretinal oxygenation ability is improved. " 06/01/1993 - "We have now improved this technique and systematically employed it as a means of studying oxygen-induced retinopathy in the newborn rat as an animal model for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). " 06/01/1960 - "A case of retrolental fibroplasia, treated and cured with administration of oxygen in alternating concentrations." 01/01/2022 - "Considerations for future studies on the effect of late phase oxygen strategies on retinopathy of prematurity."
5.	Vitamin EFDA LinkGeneric 10/01/1999 - "Extensive research on the use of vitamin E for the prevention of retrolental fibroplasia (retinopathy of the newborn), despite yielding promising results, has not resulted in incorporation of vitamin E into conventional standards of care protocols. " 01/01/2006 - "These include vitamin E as a prophylaxis against retinopathy of prematurity and the efficacy of light reduction to prevent retinopathy of prematurity. " 05/01/1986 - "The efficacy of vitamin E in retinopathy of prematurity." 03/01/1983 - "Retrolental fibroplasia: further clinical evidence and ultrastructural support for efficacy of vitamin E in the preterm infant." 12/03/1981 - "We performed a double-blind study in 101 preterm infants who weighed less than or equal to 1500 g at birth, who had respiratory distress, and who survived for at least four weeks, to evaluate the efficacy of oral vitamin E in preventing the development of retrolental fibroplasia. "
6.	Ranibizumab (Lucentis)FDA Link 01/01/2016 - "Intravitreal ranibizumab is effective for the treatment of retinopathy of prematurity, although a small amount of patients recurred. " 01/01/2019 - "To evaluate the efficacy of a single injection of 0.3 mg intravitreal ranibizumab for the treatment of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). " 01/01/2017 - "Efficacy of Primary Intravitreal Ranibizumab for Retinopathy of Prematurity in China." 01/01/2023 - "This prognostic study was a secondary analysis of posterior pole fundus images collected during the multicenter, double-blind, investigator-initiated Comparing Alternative Ranibizumab Dosages for Safety and Efficacy in Retinopathy of Prematurity (CARE-ROP) randomized clinical trial, which compared 2 different doses of ranibizumab (0.12 mg vs 0.20 mg) for the treatment of ROP. " 02/01/2022 - "The primary endpoint results from the comparing alternative ranibizumab dosages for safety and efficacy in retinopathy of prematurity (CARE-ROP) core study identified ranibizumab as an effective treatment to control acute retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). "
7.	Propranolol (Inderal)FDA LinkGeneric 09/01/2019 - "The efficacy of propranolol in very preterm infants at the risk of retinopathy of prematurity: Which newborn and when?" 01/01/2015 - "Oral Propranolol: A New Treatment for Infants with Retinopathy of Prematurity?" 11/18/2010 - "Study protocol: safety and efficacy of propranolol in newborns with Retinopathy of Prematurity (PROP-ROP): ISRCTN18523491." 01/01/2023 - "Propranolol ameliorates retinopathy of prematurity in mice by downregulating HIF-1α via the PI3K/Akt/ERK pathway." 01/01/2017 - "The Efficacy of Propranolol in Retinopathy of Prematurity and its Correlation with the Platelet Mass Index."
8.	Sucrose (Saccharose)IBA 01/31/2013 - "For retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) examinations, sucrose did not significantly reduce PIPP scores (WMD -0.65; 95% CI -1.88 to 0.59; 3 trials; 82 neonates). " 09/01/2017 - "To examine the effects of infant swaddling with oral administration of sucrose, swaddling with oral administration of breast milk, and swaddling with oral administration of distilled water (control) on pain perception in premature infants during a screening examination for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). " 02/01/2014 - "Although sucrose combined with non-nutritive sucking modestly reduces pain scores during eye examinations, there is need to further studies to explore significant pain relief for infants undergoing retinopathy of prematurity screening." 02/01/2014 - "To evaluate the efficacy of oral sucrose combined with non-nutritive sucking for reducing pain associated with retinopathy of prematurity screening. " 11/01/2010 - "To assess the efficacy of oral sucrose combined with swaddling and non-nutritive suck (NNS) as a method for reducing pain associated with retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) screening. "
9.	afliberceptIBA 10/01/2019 - "To evaluate the efficacy of intravitreal aflibercept (IVA) in vascular and macular maturation in neonates with type 1 retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) and aggressive posterior retinopathy of prematurity (APROP). " 10/01/2019 - "Efficacy of intravitreal aflibercept monotherapy in retinopathy of prematurity evaluated by periodic fluorescence angiography and optical coherence tomography." 12/01/2021 - "To determine the effectiveness of aflibercept in retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). " 12/01/2021 - "Aflibercept for Retinopathy of Prematurity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis." 01/01/2021 - "To compare the effectiveness of 0.4 mg/0.01 ml ("low dose") and 1 mg/0.025 ml ("standard dose") intravitreal aflibercept (IVA) in the treatment of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). "
10.	Ophthalmic Solutions (Eye Drops)IBA 09/02/2022 - " Mydriatic eye drops used for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) examination can cause systemic effects, and there are case reports of serious adverse effects in the literature. " 04/01/2004 - "To determine whether adverse effects manifested via vital sign changes during the screening examination for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) are due to the pharmacologic properties of the eye drops or to physical manipulation of the eyes. " 04/01/2014 - "We report a case of a 27-week-old infant who suffered a cardiopulmonary arrest after the administration of only Cyclomydril eyedrops (Alcon Laboratories, Fort Worth, TX) during an outpatient retinopathy of prematurity examination. " 04/01/2014 - "Cardiopulmonary arrest following administration of Cyclomydril eyedrops for outpatient retinopathy of prematurity screening." 09/07/2011 - "Local anaesthetic eye drops for prevention of pain in preterm infants undergoing screening for retinopathy of prematurity."

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Lasers (Laser) 06/01/2008 - "Neonates treated after December 2003 (cutoff date of the Early Treatment of Retinopathy of Prematurity study) underwent a significantly greater number of laser applications (mean +/- SD, 2,286 +/- 1,087) than did neonates treated earlier. " 02/01/2018 - "Solid-state 532 nm green laser is a safe and effective treatment for high-risk retinopathy of prematurity." 06/05/2020 - "The baby that had an unsuccessful MIST had retinopathy of prematurity that was effectively treated with Laser post discharge from neonatal unit. " 11/01/2023 - "The efficacy of additional barrage laser posterior to ridge in advanced stage 3 or stage 4 retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is established, but its role in early stages is not defined. " 01/01/2019 - "To evaluate the safety and efficacy of 532 nm frequency-doubled Nd-YAG green laser for treatment of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). "
2.	Light Coagulation 01/01/2021 - "The Battle Between Photocoagulation and AntiVEGFs in Retinopathy of Prematurity and the Road Ahead." 01/01/2019 - "Persistent Plus Disease Subsequent to Panretinal Photocoagulation in an Infant With Retinopathy of Prematurity." 01/01/2017 - "A Change in Ocular Circulation after Photocoagulation for Retinopathy of Prematurity in a Neonate." 06/01/2007 - "To evaluate the feasibility of using semiautomated analysis of digital fundus images to quantify effects of photocoagulation on retinal vessel diameter in retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). " 06/01/2007 - "Quantitative analysis of retinal vessel diameter reduction after photocoagulation treatment for retinopathy of prematurity."
3.	Therapeutics 01/01/2023 - "How can the safety of antibody therapy for retinopathy of prematurity be improved?" 01/01/2017 - "The dilation of veins and tortuosity of arteries that occur in retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) are improved by therapy, and thus posttherapy changes in ocular circulation are also conceivable. " 01/01/2023 - "This study aimed to clarify whether SYVN1 is involved in the pathogenesis of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) and its potential as a candidate for target therapy. " 02/14/2010 - "The aims of this study was to obtain the frequency and therapy of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in Markusovszky Teaching Hospital, Szombathely, Hungary. " 06/01/2009 - "Although an increase in retinopathy of prematurity was observed in our population, carefully designed randomized, controlled trials will be required to more accurately address the potential risks and benefits of this therapy."
4.	Cryotherapy (Therapy, Cold) 12/01/1996 - "Cryotherapy has been shown to be an effective treatment for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) stage 3+. However, the outcome of cryotherapy is less favorable in zone 1 ROP than in zone 2 ROP. " 03/01/1991 - "Cryotherapy has been shown to be an effective treatment for retinopathy of prematurity stage 3. It is said to reduce the unfavourable outcome of the disease by 50%. " 05/01/1989 - "Cryotherapy: a new treatment for retinopathy of prematurity." 03/01/2003 - "In this study, the improved visual and anatomical results obtained with cryotherapy could be attributed in part to the development over the years of a milder type of retinopathy of prematurity and to earlier treatment of threshold ROP." 11/01/2002 - "The Multicenter Trial of Cryotherapy for Retinopathy of Prematurity (CRYO-ROP) demonstrated the efficacy of treatment for threshold ROP and indicated the need for worldwide ROP screening. "
5.	Semiconductor Lasers 03/01/2000 - "In this population of infants, diode laser ablation appears to be a safe and effective treatment for threshold retinopathy of prematurity." 12/01/2000 - "To study the efficacy of infrared diode laser for the treatment of posterior retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). " 06/01/2016 - "The aim of this study is to assess the functional outcomes registered in patients from the Western part of Romania, who have been treated for retinopathy of prematurity, using a laser diode (810mn). " 06/01/2008 - "The study included 72 consecutive premature infants treated with diode laser for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), using an anaesthetic technique combining inhalatory sedation and topical anaesthesia. " 01/01/2006 - "The aim of this study was to analyze risk factors influencing diode laser treatment of active phase of retinopathy of prematurity. "