Retinal Perforations

Perforations through the whole thickness of the retina including the macula as the result of inflammation, trauma, degeneration, etc. The concept includes retinal breaks, tears, dialyses, and holes.

Also Known As:

Break, Retinal; Breaks, Retinal; Dialyses, Retinal; Hole, Macular; Hole, Retinal; Holes, Macular; Holes, Retinal; Macular Hole; Perforation, Retinal; Perforations, Retinal; Retinal Break; Retinal Dialyse; Retinal Hole; Retinal Perforation; Retinal Tear; Tear, Retinal; Tears, Retinal; Macular Holes; Retinal Breaks; Retinal Dialyses; Retinal Holes; Retinal Tears

Networked: 4513 relevant articles (295 outcomes, 432 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Eye Diseases: 3522
- Retinal Diseases: 3014
  - Retinal Perforations: 4513

Related Diseases

1.	Retinal Detachment (Retinal Detachments)
2.	Epiretinal Membrane (Epiretinal Membranes)
3.	Vitreous Hemorrhage
4.	Retinal Perforations
5.	Myopia

Experts

1.	Rizzo, Stanislao: 36 articles (01/2022 - 06/2003)
2.	Haritoglou, Christos: 29 articles (01/2021 - 04/2002)
3.	Smiddy, William E: 25 articles (01/2021 - 02/2003)
4.	Inoue, Makoto: 24 articles (03/2022 - 02/2002)
5.	Ikeda, Tsunehiko: 24 articles (02/2021 - 02/2002)
6.	Kampik, Anselm: 24 articles (10/2015 - 04/2002)
7.	Flynn, Harry W: 21 articles (10/2022 - 10/2002)
8.	Sakamoto, Taiji: 21 articles (08/2021 - 09/2004)
9.	Yamamoto, Shuichi: 21 articles (06/2021 - 03/2002)
10.	Duker, Jay S: 21 articles (01/2019 - 11/2004)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Retinal Perforations:

1.	Retinaldehyde (Retinal)IBA 11/20/2023 - "Improvement in postoperative best-corrected visual acuity in idiopathic macular hole eyes was associated with reduced inner retinal thickness and reduced foveal avascular zone area. " 02/01/2020 - "We evaluated the improvement of best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) in logMAR unit, the percentage of patients with improved or stabled BCVA, benefit on axial length (AL), the retinal reattachment rate, the macular hole (MH) closure rate, as well as the complication rate. " 06/01/2006 - "With improved visualization of fine retinal architectural features, ultrahigh-resolution OCT can visualize persistent retinal abnormalities despite anatomically successful macular hole surgery. " 09/24/2018 - "We recently reported that lamellar macular hole (LMH) with lamellar hole-associated epiretinal proliferation (LHEP) can be effectively treated by embedding the LHEP into the retinal cleavage to improve foveal contour and visual acuity. " 07/01/1995 - "Measurement of macular retinal sensitivity with macular hole size could be very useful for predicting postoperative visual acuity."
2.	Silicone OilsIBA 09/01/2018 - "There are reports on good efficacy of silicone oil tamponade for primary and recurrent macular hole closure. " 11/01/1998 - "Silicone oil tamponade of macular holes is effective and safe. " 12/01/2015 - "The purpose of this research was to compare the efficacy of 360° and localized DLP in the management of macular-sparing RD in silicone oil-filled eyes with no detected retinal breaks. " 11/01/2007 - "To determine whether the efficacy of re-operation for idiopathic full-thickness macular hole (FTMH) remaining open after initial surgery with internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling is correlated with macular hole configuration as determined by optical coherence tomography (OCT), macular hole size, macular hole duration before the first operation, or type of tamponade (gas or silicone oil). " 04/01/2018 - "To study the outcomes of redo macular hole surgery using light silicone oil tamponade. "
3.	microplasminIBA 07/01/2016 - "Patients should be informed about the potential adverse events of ocriplasmin, although they mainly seemed to be transient and usually mild/moderate in severity, suggesting that ocriplasmin is a safe and effective new treatment alternative for VMT and macular hole. " 01/01/2021 - "To assess the effect of patient baseline characteristics on the efficacy of ocriplasmin treatment for symptomatic vitreomacular adhesion (VMA) with full-thickness macular hole (FTMH) from phase 3/4 studies. " 01/01/2021 - "Prognostic Factors Associated with Ocriplasmin Efficacy for the Treatment of Symptomatic Vitreomacular Adhesion and Full-thickness Macular Hole: Analysis from Four Studies." 01/01/2020 - "Efficacy of ocriplasmin was derived from logistic regression models using Ocriplasmin for Treatment for Symptomatic Vitreomacular Adhesion Including Macular Hole trial data. " 12/01/2018 - "The purpose of this study is to provide an updated assessment of cost-efficacy of intravitreal ocriplasmin (IVO) for vitreomacular adhesion (VMA) and macular holes (MH). "
4.	FluorocarbonsIBA 01/01/2021 - "With the advent of perfluorocarbon liquid (PFCL), the success rate of refractory giant retinal tear (GRT) detachment has dramatically improved. " 01/01/2019 - "Efficacy of the Inverted Internal Limiting Membrane Flap Technique with Perfluorocarbon Liquid-Mediated Selective Staining for Large Macular Hole Repair." 12/01/2017 - "Macular Hole Caused by Retained Subfoveal Perfluorocarbon that Subsequently Closed After Its Spontaneous Resolution: A Case Report." 01/01/2017 - "To study the efficacy and outcomes of short-term postoperative vitreoretinal tamponade with perfluorocarbon heavy liquid in patients with giant retinal tear. " 07/01/2023 - "Perfluorocarbon liquid was then extracted through the macular hole. "
5.	Coloring Agents (Dyes)IBA 03/01/2021 - "Efficacy of different doses of dye-assisted internal limiting membrane peeling in idiopathic macular hole: a systematic review and network meta-analysis." 01/01/2016 - "This study aims to compare the outcome of macular hole (MH) surgery with internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling facilitated by two different vital dyes. " 05/01/2021 - "Vital dyes in macular hole surgery." 01/01/2019 - "Internal limiting membrane peeling with different dyes in the surgery of idiopathic macular hole: a systematic review of literature and network Meta-analysis." 01/01/2019 - "None of the patients experienced macular hole reopening, surgery-related complications, or ocular complications related to the dye. "
6.	Indocyanine Green (Cardio-Green)FDA LinkGeneric 08/01/2005 - "Idiopathic macular hole surgery in Chinese patients: a randomised study to compare indocyanine green-assisted internal limiting membrane peeling with no internal limiting membrane peeling." 04/01/2004 - "This study was designed to emulate human macular hole surgery and to test the effects of indocyanine green (ICG) on the retina and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). " 10/24/2023 - "Microperimetric analysis of eyes after macular hole surgery with indocyanine green staining: a retrospective study." 08/01/2017 - "To evaluate the anatomical success of stage 3 and 4 macular hole surgery after removal of internal limiting membrane (ILM) with the help of Indocyanine green (ICG). " 08/01/2017 - "Anatomical Outcome Following Indocyanine Green Assisted Internal Limiting Membrane Peeling for Stage 3 and 4 Macular Hole Surgery."
7.	Transforming Growth Factor beta (TGF-beta)IBA 06/01/1996 - "To evaluate the efficacy of human recombinant transforming growth factor-beta 2 (TGF-beta 2) in the closure of persistent macular holes. " 07/01/1992 - "The authors, therefore, performed a prospective randomized study of 60 patients to determine if the local application of TGF-beta 2 to the edge of the macular hole can reproducibly induce flattening of the surrounding neurosensory detachment. " 03/01/2000 - "To improve the success rate of macular hole surgery, a number of authors have advocated the use of biological modifiers, such as transforming growth factor beta, human autologous serum, tissue glue, or platelet concentrates. " 01/01/1999 - "Traumatic macular holes can be closed successfully with substantial visual recovery without the use of transforming growth factor-beta or platelet concentrate." 12/01/1997 - "Surgical management of macular holes: results using gas tamponade alone, or in combination with autologous platelet concentrate, or transforming growth factor beta 2."
8.	densironIBA 05/01/2009 - "Anatomical closure of macular holes was achieved in three out of five cases with parallel improvement in visual acuity after 3 months of removal of heavy silicone oil. " 12/01/2022 - "Heavy silicone oil tamponade in secondary surgery for persistent full-thickness macular holes is a safe and efficient surgical method. " 12/01/2022 - "To determine anatomical success and best-corrected visual acuity after secondary surgery with heavy silicone oil tamponade in patients with persistent full-thickness macular holes. " 12/01/2022 - "TREATMENT OF PERSISTENT MACULAR HOLES WITH HEAVY SILICONE OIL." 03/01/2021 - "Outcome of autologous platelet concentrate and gas tamponade compared to heavy silicone oil tamponade in persistent macular hole surgery."
9.	Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins (Growth Factors)IBA 04/01/2022 - "Plasma rich in growth factors is a new option, with advantages due to its biological properties that achieves good results in terms of safety and effectiveness in the surgical treatment of macular hole." 02/21/2021 - "Plasma rich in growth factors is a new option, with advantages due to its biological properties that achieves good results in terms of safety and effectiveness in the surgical treatment of macular hole." 05/01/2023 - "Four years after the primary surgery, she presented a large macular hole, and was treated with membrane of plasm rich in growth factors with closure of the macular hole and visual improvement without recurrence 12 months after surgery." 03/01/2022 - "PLASMA RICH IN GROWTH FACTORS FOR PERSISTENT MACULAR HOLE: A PILOT STUDY." 01/10/2022 - "Plasma Rich in Growth Factors in Macular Hole Surgery."
10.	Sulfur HexafluorideIBA 06/03/2016 - "The purpose of this study was to evaluate the anatomical and visual outcomes following macular hole surgery with 2 cc pure (100 %) sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) gas tamponade. " 07/20/2023 - "To evaluate the effect of room air and sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) gas in idiopathic macular hole(MH)surgery. " 01/01/2023 - "In-Office Sulfur Hexafluoride (SF6) Injection to Close Recently Operated or Reopened Macular Holes: A Minimal Approach Technique." 01/01/2022 - "To investigate whether air tamponade is noninferior to sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) gas tamponade for small (≤ 250 μm) and medium-sized (> 250 μm and ≤ 400 μm) macular holes (MHs). " 01/01/2022 - "Air versus Sulfur Hexafluoride Gas Tamponade for Small and Medium-Sized Macular Holes: A Randomized Noninferiority Trial."

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Vitrectomy 01/01/2022 - "To compare the efficacy of macular buckling (MB) and pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) for full-thickness macular holes (FTMH) and associated macular detachment (MD) in highly myopic eyes. " 05/01/2021 - "To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of full-thickness macular hole after a retinal pigment epithelium tear repaired successfully with vitrectomy, resulting in improved visual acuity." 02/01/2017 - "Pars plana vitrectomy and wide internal limiting membrane peeling with C3F8 tamponade is effective and safe to achieve a high anatomical success rate of highly myopic foveoschisis-associated macular hole closure and regain visual function." 01/01/2017 - "25-gauge vitrectomy, ILM peel, and short-acting gas tamponade are highly effective for the treatment of macular holes. " 08/04/2016 - "To investigate the short-term safety and efficacy of autologous platelet-rich plasma (a-PRP) as adjuvant to pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) with internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling in the treatment of highly myopic macular holes (MH). "
2.	Traction 06/01/2011 - "According to this study, the release or the weakening of the vitreous tractions at the foveal edges seems to play a key role in the spontaneous resolution of macular holes in not surgically treated patients." 01/01/2018 - "The rates of spontaneous resolution (defined by release of traction), progression to full-thickness macular hole, and surgical intervention were analyzed. " 05/01/2016 - "Treatment is usually indicated for symptomatic vitreomacular traction (VMT) with or without a full thickness macular hole (FTMH) and without spontaneous resolution. " 03/15/1989 - "The reversibility of this early stage of idiopathic macular hole formation in all three eyes was associated with spontaneous release of vitreofoveal traction and with improvement in visual acuity. " 09/01/2023 - "The purpose of this study was to report a case series of full-thickness macular holes without vitreomacular traction that resolved without surgery. "
3.	Lasers (Laser) 06/01/1995 - "Despite initial poor visual acuity in patients who had a full-thickness foveal or parafoveal retinal hole, visual acuity improved without treatment when the site of the laser injury was located outside the foveal center." 07/01/1991 - "Improved visualization of macular hole lesions with laser biomicroscopy." 10/01/2023 - "An additional study arm examined the outcomes of final BCVA and the presence and timing of developing a retinal tear or RD in eyes who received laser prophylaxis. " 01/01/2023 - "To report the long-term outcomes of round autologous anterior lens capsules (ALCs) cut by a femtosecond laser (FSL) and transplanted onto refractory macular holes (MHs) in a prospective interventional study. " 01/01/2016 - "The purpose of this study was to evaluate the capability of wide-field laser ophthalmoscopy (Optos) in obtaining FAF images in gas-filled eyes for the assessment of macular hole (MH) closure after surgery. "
4.	Therapeutics 01/01/1999 - "Vitreous surgery without adjunctive therapy for traumatic macular holes can lead to anatomic success and visual acuity improvement in most eyes." 11/07/2023 - "In the first study to-date to report the overall efficacy and clinical characteristics of successful macular hole closure with topical therapy, drops achieved an overall closure rate of 36.7%, with higher efficacy in smaller holes and those without VMT. " 01/01/2022 - "The purpose of this study was to report the closure of macular hole without surgery in 7 cases using medical therapies. " 01/01/2013 - "Surgical therapy versus observation for lamellar macular hole: a retrospective comparison study." 07/01/2001 - "There are three multicenter, controlled, randomized trials studying the use of adjuvant therapy in macular hole repair. "
5.	Light Coagulation 03/01/1977 - "The comparatively best results were achieved in group 2. This condition is rare and amounted to only 1.5% of our total number of cases of retinal tears treated with light-coagulation during the last 8 years." 08/01/1998 - "Although this study includes only a small number of patients, it suggests that photocoagulation and FGX can be effective in the treatment of persistent macular holes." 03/01/2022 - "Pneumatic retinopexy was performed with a plan for photocoagulation of the retinal tear once the retina was reattached. " 12/28/2020 - "Photocoagulation was required for retinal tears (14%) and the retinal blood vessel occlusion (7%). " 01/01/2019 - "There was one patient who had a peripheral retinal break and was treated with photocoagulation during the operation (1.5%). "