Hyperacusis (Phonophobia)

An abnormally disproportionate increase in the sensation of loudness in response to auditory stimuli of normal volume. COCHLEAR DISEASES; VESTIBULOCOCHLEAR NERVE DISEASES; FACIAL NERVE DISEASES; STAPES SURGERY; and other disorders may be associated with this condition.

Also Known As:

Phonophobia; Hyperacusia; Loudness Perception Disturbances; Auditory Hyperesthesias; Disturbance, Loudness Perception; Disturbances, Loudness Perception; Hyperacuses; Hyperacusias; Hyperesthesia, Auditory; Hyperesthesias, Auditory; Loudness Perception Disturbance; Loudness Recruitments; Perception Disturbance, Loudness; Perception Disturbances, Loudness; Phonophobias; Auditory Hyperesthesia; Loudness Recruitment; Recruitment, Loudness

Networked: 331 relevant articles (43 outcomes, 40 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Photophobia (Light Sensitivity)
2.	Nausea
3.	Migraine Disorders (Migraine)
4.	Pain (Aches)
5.	Vomiting

Experts

1.	Salvi, Richard: 16 articles (10/2021 - 11/2012)
2.	Moore, Brian C J: 14 articles (08/2022 - 06/2008)
3.	Aazh, Hashir: 13 articles (08/2022 - 03/2014)
4.	Chen, Guang-Di: 9 articles (10/2021 - 11/2012)
5.	Manohar, Senthilvelan: 8 articles (10/2021 - 12/2011)
6.	Radziwon, Kelly: 8 articles (10/2021 - 05/2015)
7.	Van de Heyning, Paul: 7 articles (10/2022 - 11/2015)
8.	Silberstein, Stephen D: 7 articles (10/2021 - 11/2005)
9.	Jacquemin, Laure: 6 articles (10/2022 - 01/2018)
10.	Derry, Sheena: 6 articles (02/2012 - 04/2010)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Hyperacusis:

1.	Sumatriptan (Imigran)FDA LinkGeneric 11/01/2000 - "Photophobia and phonophobia were significantly reduced 2 hours postdose for sumatriptan NS (20 mg), compared with placebo (36% vs 48% and 25% vs 44%, respectively). " 02/15/2012 - " of associated symptoms, including nausea, photophobia, and phonophobia, was greater with sumatriptan than with placebo, and use of rescue medication was lower with sumatriptan than with placebo. " 02/01/2012 - "In the post-hoc analysis, transdermal sumatriptan was markedly superior to placebo for pain relief and freedom from pain, nausea, photo-, and phonophobia at 1 and 2 hours post-activation. " 03/01/1998 - "Sumatriptan (all doses) was similarly effective at relieving nausea and photophobia or phonophobia or both and at reducing clinical disability. " 04/17/1995 - "Resolution of nausea, photophobia and phonophobia was significantly more common in patients on sumatriptan than on placebo (p < 0.001 for all comparisons). "
2.	zolmitriptan (Zomig)FDA Link 02/01/2016 - "Furthermore, zolmitriptan NS 2.5 and 5 mg effectively relieved photophobia and phonophobia, and was associated with a faster return to normal daily activities than placebo. " 07/01/2018 - "Of the 159 patients treated with ADAM zolmitriptan 3.8 mg or placebo, prospectively designated MBS were photophobia (n = 79), phonophobia (n = 43), and nausea (n = 37). " 10/01/1997 - "Zolmitriptan reduced the incidence of nausea, photophobia and phonophobia, reduced impairment of normal activity and demonstrated positive effects on patients' quality of life. " 01/01/2005 - "Zolmitriptan ODT relieved patients of other migraine-associated symptoms, including nausea, photophobia and phonophobia, and enabled >50% of patients to resume normal daily activities 2 hours after dosing. " 07/01/2002 - "Migraine-associated symptoms, including nausea, photophobia and phonophobia, are also improved with zolmitriptan. "
3.	Tryptamines (Triptans)IBA 12/01/2020 - "Factors associated with increased risk of triptan insufficient efficacy included severe baseline headache severity, photophobia, phonophobia, nausea, and depression. " 10/01/2019 - "No acute treatments were effective for migraine-related nausea or vomiting; some triptans were effective for migraine-related phonophobia and photophobia. " 01/01/2019 - "No acute treatments were effective for migraine-related nausea or vomiting; some triptans were effective for migraine-related phonophobia and photophobia. " 01/01/2018 - "In concomitance with premenopausal menstrual dysregulation, she reported episodes of nausea and vomiting, associated with photophobia, phonophobia and osmophobia, but without headache; these episodes were responsive to oral triptans. " 10/26/2021 - "Perimenstrual migraine attacks (n = 998) compared with nonperimenstrual attacks (n = 4097) were associated with longer duration (20.0 vs 16.1 hours, 95% confidence interval 0.2-0.4), higher recurrence risk (odds ratio [OR] 2.4 [2.0-2.9]), increased triptan intake (OR 1.2 [1.1-1.4]), higher headache intensity (OR 1.4 [1.2-1.7]), less pain coping (mean difference -0.2 [-0.3 to -0.1]), more pronounced photophobia (OR 1.3 [1.2-1.4]) and phonophobia (OR 1.2 [1.1-1.4]), and less aura (OR 0.8 [0.6-1.0]). "
4.	Acetaminophen (Paracetamol)FDA LinkGeneric 07/01/2020 - "A 68-year-old female presented with a history of 10 days of intense temporal migraine, photophobia, and phonophobia with partial response to paracetamol. " 12/11/2000 - "At 2 hours, other migraine headache characteristics, such as functional disability (P =.002), photophobia (P =.02), and phonophobia (P =.08), were significantly improved after treatment with acetaminophen vs placebo. " 12/11/2000 - "Acetaminophen was highly effective for treating pain, functional disability, photophobia, and phonophobia in a population-based sample of persons with migraine, excluding the most disabled persons with migraine. " 05/01/2010 - "In addition, acetaminophen generally provided a beneficial effect on associated symptoms of migraine including nausea, photophobia, phonophobia, and functional disability." 05/01/2010 - "Mean severity changes from baseline in migraine-associated symptoms of nausea, photophobia, phonophobia, and functional disability at 2 and 6 hours were significantly (P < .001) in favor of acetaminophen over placebo; the percentage of patients with no symptoms at 2 and 6 hours statistically significantly favored acetaminophen in 6 of 8 comparisons. "
5.	almotriptan (Axert)FDA Link 02/01/2007 - "At 2 to 4 hours and 4 to 24 hours after treatment, the mean intensity of phonophobia and photophobia were significantly lower in the patients treated with almotriptan compared to the placebo-treated patients. " 10/01/2008 - "Age group subanalysis demonstrated significantly greater 2-hour pain-relief rates with all 3 doses of almotriptan compared with placebo for patients aged 15 to 17 years, a significantly lower incidence of photophobia and phonophobia at 2 hours with almotriptan 12.5 mg compared with placebo for patients aged 15 to 17 years, and a significantly lower incidence of photophobia with almotriptan 12.5 mg compared with placebo for those aged 12 to 14 years. " 01/01/2002 - "The incidence of nausea, photophobia, and phonophobia at 2 hours after dosing with study medication was significantly reduced (all P <.05) with almotriptan 6.25 mg or 12.5 mg compared with placebo. " 10/01/2008 - "The incidence of nausea, photophobia, and phonophobia at 2 hours (adjusted for baseline pain intensity) for the almotriptan 25 mg and placebo groups was not significantly different. " 01/01/2002 - "Other symptoms of migraine, including nausea, photophobia and phonophobia, are also alleviated by almotriptan. "
6.	Valproic Acid (Depakote)FDA LinkGeneric 07/01/2004 - "Including additionally 3 patients on placebo and 1 patient on valproate who felt they had suffered a migraine attack, but who had as associated symptoms only photophobia or phonophobia, a significant reduction in the number of patients with induced migraine after valproate was seen (P = 0.031). " 11/01/2001 - "Intravenous valproate and intramuscular dihydroergotamine provided similar relief from associated migrainous symptoms (nausea, photophobia, and phonophobia) during the first 4 hours following treatment. " 04/16/2014 - "And the headache had couple of features similar to that of migraine, such as past history of recurrent migraine attacks, accompaniments of nausea, vomiting, and phonophobia, response to flunarizine and sodium valproate. " 11/01/2017 - "carbamazepine, phenytoin, valproate, lamotrigine, gabapentin, vigabatrin and oxcarbazepine] (even in therapeutic drug doses) may result in tinnitus, phonophobia, sensorineural hearing loss, dizziness, ataxia, disequilibrium, imbalance, nystagmus, abnormalities in saccadic and pursuit eye movements and delayed conduction within the cochlea, auditory nerve and brainstem auditory pathways evidenced by abnormalities in Brainstem auditory evoked potentials and nystagmography recordings indicating auditory and central and/or peripheral vestibular dysfunctions. "
7.	Pain-FreeIBA 01/01/2023 - "As compensatory increases in central auditory activity after cochlear injury may trigger hyperacusis, hearing and discomfort thresholds to pure tones (250, 500, 1000, 2000, 3000, 4000, 6000, and 8000 Hz) were assessed in 34 patients with CRPS and 26 pain-free controls. " 01/01/2021 - "Unilateral pain, presence of phonophobia, presence of one or more cranial autonomic symptoms and presence of one or more premonitory symptom were each associated with being pain free at 2 hours. " 06/01/2012 - "Statistically significant differences were found for 85/500 mg versus placebo for sustained pain-free 2 to 24 hours (23% vs 9%; adjusted P = .008), 2-hour photophobia-free (59% vs 41%; adjusted P = .008), and 2-hour phonophobia-free (60% vs 42%; adjusted P = .008). " 01/01/2017 - "Pooled analysis indicated that CGRP antagonisms had better outcomes in number of patients with pain free at 2h, 2-24h sustained pain free, phonophobia free at 2h, patients with photophobia free at 2h and nausea free at 2h post-dose, as compared with placebo. " 04/01/2010 - "The primary outcome was pain-free response 2 h after the first attack, and co-primary outcomes were non-inferiority at 2 h for nausea, photophobia, and phonophobia. "
8.	oxidized low density lipoproteinIBA 02/01/2022 - "For study 2, the clinical value of LDL measurements using pure tone stimuli was analyzed by comparing changes after sound generator use in patients with hyperacusis. " 02/01/2022 - "The aims of this study were to investigate the test-retest reliability of measurements of loudness discomfort levels (LDLs), to suggest cut-off values for diagnosing patients with hyperacusis, and to evaluate the clinical value of-LDL measurements as a test for monitoring hyperacusis. " 01/01/2023 - "A combination of LDL measurements and self-reported symptom surveys allows for an accurate and comprehensive assessment of hyperacusis.Trial" 01/01/2023 - "Patients with hyperacusis had low discomfort thresholds at all frequencies except 500 Hz (P ≤ 0.05, mean LDL decreased by 6.14-1.37 dB HL for all frequencies). " 11/01/2022 - "Fair agreement was observed between subjective hyperacusis and the audiological criterion based on a loudness discomfort level (LDL) of ≤90 dB at two or more frequencies for the diagnosis of hyperacusis. "
9.	rizatriptan (Maxalt)FDA Link 03/01/2001 - "At 2 h, rizatriptan 10 mg was significantly more effective than placebo for pain relief (71% vs. 38%, P < 0.001), and for elimination of pain, nausea, photophobia, phonophobia and functional disability. " 01/01/2001 - "Rizatriptan was also superior to sumatriptan in terms of the proportions of patients with no nausea, phonophobia or photophobia, and patients with normal function 2 h after treatment intake (p < 0.05). " 11/28/2000 - "Of the evaluable patients who treated three migraine attacks with 10 mg of rizatriptan (with an additional interspersed placebo-treated attack in most patients), 216 of 252 (86%) had pain relief (reduction of pain to mild or none), 122 of 252 (48%) were pain free, 211 of 250 (84%) had no nausea, 163 of 251 (65%) had no photophobia, 182 of 252 (72%) had no phonophobia, 136 of 249 (55%) had no functional disability, and 233 of 252 (92%) had no need for escape medications at 2 hours after dosing in at least two of three attacks. " 01/01/2003 - "Rizatriptan was also superior to ergotamine/caffeine in the proportions of patients with no nausea, vomiting, phonophobia or photophobia and for patients with normal function 2 h after drug intake (p < or = 0.001). " 02/15/2012 - " comparison of sumatriptan with active treatments was limited to two studies, one comparing sumatriptan 20 mg and dihydroergotamine (DHE) 1 mg, and one comparing sumatriptan 20 mg with rizatriptan 10 mg. Intranasal sumatriptan is effective as an abortive treatment for acute migraine attacks, relieving pain, nausea, photophobia, phonophobia, and functional disability, but is associated with increased adverse events compared with placebo."
10.	Aspirin (Acetylsalicylic Acid)FDA LinkGeneric 10/11/2021 - "Method Important advances in understanding the biological bases of tinnitus and hyperacusis have come from studies in which tinnitus and hyperacusis are consistently induced with a high dose of salicylate, the active ingredient in aspirin. " 01/01/2017 - "Salicylate is the active ingredient in aspirin, and in high-doses it is used as an experimental tool to induce transient hearing loss, tinnitus, and hyperacusis. " 01/01/2017 - "High dose of salicylate, the active ingredient in aspirin, has long been known to induce transient hearing loss, tinnitus and hyperacusis making it a powerful experimental tool. " 04/14/2010 - " symptoms of nausea, vomiting, photophobia and phonophobia were reduced with aspirin compared with placebo, with additional metoclopramide significantly reducing nausea (P < 0.00006) and vomiting (P = 0.002) compared with aspirin alone.Fewer" 02/01/1998 - "Other migraine headache characteristics, such as nausea, photophobia, phonophobia, and functional disability, were significantly improved 2 to 6 hours after treatment with the acetaminophen, aspirin, and caffeine combination compared with placebo (P< or =.01). "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Therapeutics 12/05/2022 - "Based on results from numerous studies, sound therapy clearly has application as a method of desensitization for hyperacusis. " 12/01/2019 - "Having developed procedures that can consistently induce hyperacusis in rats, our results set the stage for future studies that seek to identify the neurobiological events that give rise to hyperacusis and to develop new therapies to treat this debilitating condition." 07/24/2023 - "The mechanisms underlying hyperacusis in FXS are still largely unknown and effective therapies are lacking. " 12/09/2022 - "The basic neural mechanism of hyperacusis still remains obscure, so therapies for this often-devastating symptom remain elusive. " 12/01/2022 - "The development of animal models of hyperacusis have enabled researcher to begin to critically evaluate the biological bases of hyperacusis, identify therapies to ameliorate the symptoms and gain a better understanding of the neural mechanisms involved in loudness coding in normal and hearing impaired subjects."
2.	Aftercare (After-Treatment) 10/25/2022 - "Rates of freedom from photophobia, phonophobia, and nausea 2 hours after treatment were also significantly higher following the treatment of mild vs moderate or severe pain (p < 0.001 all symptoms, both doses). " 03/01/2014 - "Associated symptoms, i.e., photophobia, phonophobia, nausea, and vomiting, were assayed on admission and 2 hours after treatment. " 04/01/2011 - "The co-primary endpoints were patient-assessed pain relief and absence of photophobia, phonophobia, and nausea at 2 hours after treatment. " 12/20/2008 - "The five co-primary endpoints were pain freedom, pain relief, or absence of photophobia, phonophobia, or nausea at 2 h after treatment. " 07/01/2000 - "Also the reported incidence of accompanying symptoms (nausea, vomiting, photophobia and phonophobia) significantly decreased after treatment. "
3.	Hearing Aids (Hearing Aid) 01/01/2020 - "The use of a large number of amplitude-compression channels in hearing aids has potential advantages, such as the ability to compensate for variations in loudness recruitment across frequency and provide appropriate frequency-response shaping. " 09/01/2012 - "Hearing aids use amplitude compression to compensate for the effects of loudness recruitment. " 08/01/2008 - "Two of the experiments used simulations of linear hearing aids, whereas the third used fast-acting multichannel wide-dynamic-range compression and a simulation of loudness recruitment. " 06/01/2008 - "Compression is used in hearing aids to compensate for the effects of loudness recruitment. " 01/01/2005 - "The technique involves processing using an amplitude-bandwidth expansion method to expand the hearing-aid output to fit to the user's hearing requirements and loudness recruitment. "
4.	Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures 12/01/2016 - "To evaluate the efficacy of a minimally invasive surgical procedure in patients with severe hyperacusis. " 01/01/2020 - "This report compares the new versus original surgical technique used and long-term results of all patients who have undergone minimally invasive surgery for hyperacusis. " 01/01/2020 - "Minimally invasive surgery for the treatment of hyperacusis: New technique and long term results." 03/01/2019 - "Although several publications have been produced demonstrating that minimally invasive surgical procedures may improve patient symptoms, the precise etiology of hyperacusis often remains elusive. " 12/01/2016 - "Minimally Invasive Surgery for the Treatment of Hyperacusis."
5.	Ear Protective Devices (Earplug) 06/01/2000 - "This paper describes the use of hearing devices that proved to be effective in providing attenuation sufficient that the patient rarely needs to rely on earplugs and earmuffs for relief from his hyperacusis." 01/01/2000 - "The case studies of 14 patients with severe hyperacusis are described; all wore passive attenuators (earplugs and/or earmuffs) in an attempt to alleviate their discomfort, frequently producing communication difficulties. "