Pyrogens

Substances capable of increasing BODY TEMPERATURE and cause FEVER and may be used for FEVER THERAPY. They may be of microbial origin, often POLYSACCHARIDES, and may contaminate distilled water.

Also Known As:

Networked: 738 relevant articles (12 outcomes, 49 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Bio-Agent Context: Research Results

Experts

1.	Hartung, Thomas: 8 articles (01/2015 - 12/2002)
2.	Roth, Joachim: 5 articles (05/2009 - 06/2002)
3.	Romanovsky, Andrej A: 4 articles (01/2018 - 08/2003)
4.	Fennrich, Stefan: 4 articles (07/2016 - 03/2005)
5.	Gerstberger, Rüdiger: 4 articles (05/2009 - 06/2002)
6.	Hübschle, Thomas: 4 articles (05/2009 - 06/2002)
7.	Blatteis, C M: 4 articles (08/2001 - 10/2000)
8.	Li, S: 4 articles (08/2001 - 10/2000)
9.	Kozak, Wieslaw: 3 articles (08/2019 - 09/2004)
10.	Steiner, Alexandre A: 3 articles (01/2018 - 04/2005)

Related Diseases

1.	Fever (Fevers) 11/01/1972 - "Study of the metabolism of this drug in volunteers during episodes of pyrogen-induced fever shows a significant reduction in the half-life (t(1/2)) of the excretion of the drug metabolites. " 10/15/1990 - "A significantly greater and more dramatic decrease of the fever index, however, was observed in rabbits made tolerant to pyrogen given i.v. than when the pyrogen was given i.c.v. Transmission of the pyrogenic tolerance between brain and peripheral tissues, however, has not been ascertained." 03/01/1990 - "The hypothesis that hypothalamic thermosensitive neurons play a major role in both normal thermoregulation and in fever production and lysis has particularly helped to advance our understanding of the neuronal mechanisms underlying the response to pyrogens. " 08/21/1992 - "These experiments provide the first evidence that electrical stimulation of paraventricular areas with AVP-containing cell bodies is effective in suppressing a fever evoked by systemic administration of a pyrogen. " 05/01/2008 - "The increase in temperature shares some characteristics with pyrogen-induced fever and so is often called "stress fever." Birds also respond to acute handling with a stress fever, which may confound thermoregulatory studies that involve animal restraint. "
2.	Infections 07/01/1997 - "When followed carefully, disinfection of dialyzers for multiple reuse by the same patient is relatively safe and effective in eliminating infection, pyrogen reactions, and other potential complications associated with germicide use. " 12/01/2016 - "After the virus had entered the latent phase of infection, mice received either LPS or pyrogen-free saline intraperitoneally. " 10/01/2011 - "LPS or pyrogen-free physiological saline was inoculated into the mammary gland 72 h after parturition and the rats were euthanized at 12 h post-infection. " 02/01/2009 - "LPS or pyrogen-free physiological saline was inoculated into the mammary gland 72h after parturition and the rats were euthanized at 12h post-infection. " 09/01/1989 - "The dialysis associated complications which were encountered included shunt infection (7%), burst membrane (9%), suspected pyrogen reaction (5.6%) and femoral vein perforation (0.9%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)"
3.	Hypothermia 09/30/2006 - "They did not attempt to prevent the hypothermia following administration of bacterial pyrogen by moving to a warmer region of the thermocline. " 02/01/1975 - "One patient with severe hypothermia was resistant to the administration of a pyrogen, but developed a normal febrile response after treatment." 01/01/2018 - "Mediators of fever and hypothermia are called endogenous pyrogens and cryogens; they are produced when the innate immune system recognizes an infectious pathogen. " 03/01/1995 - "2. I.v. infusion of SNP produced hypothermia and attenuated pyrogen fever. " 09/01/1968 - "It involves the intracerebral injection of a suitable pyretogenin in conscious mice.2. The pyretic response is related to the logarithm of the dose in a substantially linear manner when "E" Pyrogen is used.3. A selection of established anti-pyretic drugs were effective in oral doses approaching those used clinically, which shows that the method is unusually sensitive.4. The response to intracerebral pyretogenin is not unduly influenced by drugs known to cause hypothermia.5. It is suggested that "E" Pyrogen injected intracerebrally has a direct effect on the central nervous system, rather than an indirect action through release of endogenous pyrogen."
4.	Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation 11/02/1978 - "Among the complications of systemic endotoxemia, hepatocytotoxicity, pyrogen reaction, disseminated intravascular coagulation, impaired renal function, and endotoxic shock are most hazardous. " 01/01/1976 - "In total 79% of the patients investigated had endotoxaemia.---Bleeding from oesophageal varices was associated with endotoxaemia in 78%, functional renal impairment in 75%, consumption coagulopathy in 81%, encephalopathy in 77% and a pyrogen reaction in 82% of the patients. " 04/01/1977 - "Clinical symptoms of Ga1N-hepatitis such as pyrogen reaction, disseminated intravascular coagulation, arterial hypotension, and hypoglycaemia correlated significantly with the development of endotoxaemia, which was detected by means of the limulus gelation test (L.G.T.) Ga1N refractoriness was found after colectomy, a situation, in which gram negative bacterias and their endotoxins were eliminated. " 02/01/1980 - "The acute adverse effets of the PV shunt (fever, fluid overload, and fulminant disseminated intravascular coagulation) may be prevented or minimized by preoperative fluid removal to obviate a major intravascular infusion of colloid and biologically active pyrogen and thromboplastin."
5.	Burns 02/01/1992 - "Animals were immunized with either killed Pseudomonas aeruginosa or pyrogen-free Burns-Tracey saline (BTS) and challenged at various times post-immunization (p.i.) with a lethal dose of viable P. " 09/01/1991 - "In children with burns in whom early pyrexia is common, central thermoregulation may also be affected by cytokine pyrogens. " 06/01/1999 - "Indomethacin eliminated the chronic increase in T(B) following burn injury, and this effect was not produced by changes in plasma levels of the endogenous pyrogens IL-1alpha and IL-6."

Related Drugs and Biologics

1.	Endotoxins
2.	Interleukin-6 (Interleukin 6)
3.	leukocyte endogenous mediator
4.	Indomethacin (Indometacin)
5.	Prostaglandins E
6.	Acetaminophen (Paracetamol)
7.	Esters
8.	Cytokines
9.	Antipyretics
10.	Dinoprostone (PGE2)

Related Therapies and Procedures

1.	Colectomy
2.	Intravenous Injections
3.	Injections
4.	Therapeutics
5.	Renal Dialysis (Hemodialysis)