Pulpitis

Inflammation of the DENTAL PULP, usually due to bacterial infection in dental caries, tooth fracture, or other conditions causing exposure of the pulp to bacterial invasion. Chemical irritants, thermal factors, hyperemic changes, and other factors may also cause pulpitis.

Also Known As:

Networked: 1197 relevant articles (197 outcomes, 299 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Pain (Aches)
2.	Postoperative Pain
3.	Periapical Periodontitis (Apical Periodontitis)
4.	Periodontitis
5.	Inflammation (Inflammations)

Experts

1.	Reader, Al: 30 articles (12/2021 - 04/2003)
2.	Beck, Mike: 26 articles (04/2021 - 04/2003)
3.	Nusstein, John: 22 articles (12/2021 - 10/2003)
4.	Aggarwal, Vivek: 21 articles (07/2022 - 07/2009)
5.	Asgary, Saeed: 20 articles (03/2022 - 04/2009)
6.	Drum, Melissa: 20 articles (12/2021 - 10/2008)
7.	Parirokh, Masoud: 13 articles (06/2022 - 04/2009)
8.	Eghbal, Mohammad Jafar: 13 articles (03/2022 - 04/2009)
9.	Singla, Mamta: 13 articles (02/2022 - 02/2010)
10.	Abbott, Paul V: 13 articles (09/2021 - 03/2010)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Pulpitis:

1.	Anesthetics (Anesthetic Agents)IBA 03/01/2013 - "Under the conditions of this study, the use of preoperative medication did improve the anesthetic efficacy of IANB for the treatment of teeth diagnosed with irreversible pulpitis but not significantly." 02/01/2018 - "Effect of relative head position on the anesthetic efficacy of inferior alveolar nerve block during endodontic treatment of patients with irreversible pulpitis." 02/01/2020 - "The authors included only randomized clinical trials that compared different anesthetics in the efficacy of IANB in patients with irreversible pulpitis. " 11/01/2003 - "The purpose of this study was to determine the anesthetic efficacy of the supplemental intraosseous injection, using the X-tip system in an apical location, in mandibular posterior teeth diagnosed with irreversible pulpitis when the conventional inferior alveolar nerve block failed. " 10/01/2022 - "Anesthetic efficacy of supplemental buccal infiltration versus intraligamentary injection in mandibular first and second molars with irreversible pulpitis: a prospective randomized clinical trial."
2.	Lidocaine (Xylocaine)FDA LinkGeneric 07/01/2022 - "To assess the efficacy of incorporating additives into lidocaine in the success rate of IANB for teeth with the diagnosis of normal pulp (NP) or symptomatic irreversible pulpitis (SIP). " 12/01/2020 - "Comparing the Efficacy of Twin Mix and Lidocaine for Inferior Alveolar Nerve Blocks in Patients With Symptomatic Irreversible Pulpitis." 03/01/2016 - "Effect of buffered 4% lidocaine on the success of the inferior alveolar nerve block in patients with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis: a prospective, randomized, double-blind study. " 06/01/2015 - "Effect of Buffered 4% Lidocaine on the Success of the Inferior Alveolar Nerve Block in Patients with Symptomatic Irreversible Pulpitis: A Prospective, Randomized, Double-blind Study." 04/01/2015 - "Around 80% of failures have been reported when lignocaine has been used for inferior alveolar nerve block in children and adults with irreversible pulpitis. "
3.	Carticaine (Articaine)IBA 09/01/2015 - "The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of 1.8 mL and 3.6 mL articaine for an inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB) when treating molars with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis. " 01/01/2022 - "EFFICACY OF 4% ARTICAINE BUCCAL INFILTRATION VERSUS INFERIOR ALVEOLAR NERVE BLOCK FOR MANDIBULAR MOLARS WITH SYMPTOMATIC IRREVERSIBLE PULPITIS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS." 10/01/2022 - "Comparative Evaluation of Buccal Infiltration Technique with Buccal Plus Palatal Infiltration Technique Using 4% Articaine in Patients with Irreversible Pulpitis of Maxillary 1st Molars: A Prospective, Randomized, In-Vivo Study." 11/01/2015 - "This systematic review of double-blind, randomized clinical trials provides level 1 evidence to support the use of articaine for patients with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis. " 02/01/2020 - "The use of articaine can increase the IANB success rate in patients with irreversible pulpitis. "
4.	Epinephrine (Adrenaline)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/2015 - "To compare the anaesthetic efficacy of different volumes (1.8 mL vs. 3.6 mL) of 4% articaine with 1 : 100 000 epinephrine injected as buccal infiltrations after a failed inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB) in patients with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis. " 04/01/2014 - "Comparison of the anaesthetic efficacy of epinephrine concentrations (1 : 80 000 and 1 : 200 000) in 2% lidocaine for inferior alveolar nerve block in patients with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis: a randomized, double-blind clinical trial." 03/01/2014 - "To evaluate the efficacy of a single buccal infitration using 4% articaine hydrochloride (HCl) with 1 : 100,000 epinephrine or 4% articaine HCl with 1 : 100 000 epinephrine bitartrate for obtaining adequate pulpal anaesthesia in the palatal roots of maxillary first molars associated with irreversible pulpitis. " 03/01/2016 - "As part of 6 studies, 375 emergency patients presenting with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis received 2% lidocaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine via an IAN block. " 08/01/2013 - "As part of 7 previously published studies, 319 emergency patients presenting with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis received either a 1.8-mL volume or 3.6-mL volume of 2% lidocaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine in an IAN block. "
5.	Ibuprofen (Motrin)FDA LinkGeneric 08/01/2019 - "The aim of this study was to compare preventive ibuprofen administration to placebo on the efficacy of inferior alveolar nerve block in patients with irreversible pulpitis. " 08/01/2019 - "Effect of ibuprofen on the efficacy of inferior alveolar nerve block in patients with irreversible pulpitis: A meta-analysis." 11/01/2013 - "Efficacy of preoperative ibuprofen on the success of inferior alveolar nerve block in patients with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis: a randomized clinical trial." 09/01/2020 - "Hence, the purpose of this study was to compare the levels of proinflammatory mediators in the dental pulp of teeth with irreversible pulpitis in patients who medicated with preoperative ibuprofen versus those who did not. " 03/01/2010 - "The purpose of this prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was to determine the effect of the administration of preoperative ibuprofen on the success of the inferior alveolar nerve block (IAN) in patients with irreversible pulpitis. "
6.	Dexamethasone (Maxidex)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/2020 - "Dexamethasone for pulpitis." 02/01/2013 - "Premedication with dexamethasone increased the success rate of an IANB in mandibular molars with asymptomatic irreversible pulpitis." 05/01/2018 - "This is a systematic review to answer the following question: is the use of dexamethasone effective in controlling pain associated with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis? " 05/01/2018 - "Is the Use of Dexamethasone Effective in Controlling Pain Associated with Symptomatic Irreversible Pulpitis? " 04/01/2008 - "A single dose of dexamethasone infiltrated around the apex of a tooth with irreversible pulpitis could be effective in reduction or prevention of postoperative endodontic pain during the first 24 h."
7.	KetorolacIBA 05/01/2016 - "The purpose of this prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was to determine whether ketorolac buccal infiltrations (BIs) helped to improve the success of inferior alveolar nerve blocks (IANBs) in patients with acute irreversible pulpitis (AIP). " 05/01/2016 - "Efficacy of Ketorolac Buccal Infiltrations and Inferior Alveolar Nerve Blocks in Patients with Irreversible Pulpitis: A Prospective, Double-blind, Randomized Clinical Trial." 12/11/2019 - "Interpretation and conclusion In conclusion, for mandibular posterior teeth, a preoperative dose of 400 mg of ibuprofen or 20 mg of ketorolac showed a statistically significant increase in the success of the IANB in patients with irreversible pulpitis." 01/01/2018 - "Oral Ketorolac with Inferior Alveolar Nerve Block for Irreversible Pulpitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis." 04/01/2006 - "Re: The use of an intra-oral injection of ketorolac in the treatment of irreversible pulpitis."
8.	Analgesics (Analgesic Drugs)IBA 01/01/2023 - "There is a paucity of evidence regarding the use of analgesics to manage irreversible pulpitis." 01/01/2021 - "It is of interest to evaluate a single dose of three different analgesics compared to placebo in patients with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis. " 01/01/2017 - "The administration of preemptive analgesics can induce superior intraoperative analgesia for patients with irreversible pulpitis. " 01/01/2017 - "Effect of preoperative oral analgesics on pulpal anesthesia in patients with irreversible pulpitis-a systematic review and meta-analysis." 08/01/2003 - "There were sex differences in the group of patients with irreversible pulpitis: More women than men were taking analgesic medications and, in the group having symptomatic teeth with necrotic pulps, more men than women reported pain relief from their analgesic medications. "
9.	Mepivacaine (Carbocaine)FDA LinkGeneric 12/01/1997 - "To determine the efficacy of a supplemental intraosseous injection of 3% mepivacaine in mandibular posterior teeth with irreversible pulpitis. " 01/01/2017 - "2% mepivacaine seems to do better than 2% lidocaine in achieving successful anesthesia in posterior teeth with irreversible pulpitis." 09/01/2016 - "Mepivacaine resulted in effective pain control during irreversible pulpitis treatments. " 04/01/2016 - "Efficacy of mepivacaine-tramadol combination on the success of inferior alveolar nerve blocks in patients with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis: a randomized clinical trial." 12/01/1997 - "Anesthetic efficacy of the supplemental intraosseous injection of 3% mepivacaine in irreversible pulpitis."
10.	Local AnestheticsIBA 04/01/2012 - "A prospective randomized trial of different supplementary local anesthetic techniques after failure of inferior alveolar nerve block in patients with irreversible pulpitis in mandibular teeth." 12/01/2014 - "Both the local anesthetic solutions had similar effects on patients with irreversible pulpitis when used for inferior alveolar nerve block. " 02/01/2009 - "Apparently, therefore, both local anesthetic solutions had similar effects on the patients with irreversible pulpitis in mandibular posterior teeth. " 05/01/2005 - "We concluded that when the inferior alveolar nerve block failed to provide profound pulpal anesthesia in mandibular posterior teeth of patients presenting with irreversible pulpitis, the intraligamentary injection administered with a computer-controlled local anesthetic delivery system was successful approximately 56% of the time." 09/01/2020 - "Preoperative administration of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs has been suggested as a method for increasing the efficacy of local anesthetics and decreasing postoperative pain in symptomatic irreversible pulpitis cases. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Anesthesia 11/01/2020 - "The administration of MINB with pressure following IANB significantly improved the success of anesthesia in mandibular first molars with asymptomatic irreversible pulpitis." 03/01/2013 - "The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of X-tip intraosseous injection and inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) block in primary anesthesia for mandibular posterior teeth with irreversible pulpitis. " 03/01/2018 - "A combination of GGNB and IANB could improve the efficacy of anesthesia in mandibular molars with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis, but it would still require supplemental anesthesia. " 06/01/2022 - "The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of anatomic variables on the success rate of anesthesia in maxillary molars with irreversible pulpitis. " 12/01/2019 - "Our findings suggest that further high-quality studies are required in order to provide definitive direction to clinicians regarding the best agents and techniques to use for mandibular and maxillary anesthesia for irreversible pulpitis."
2.	Premedication 09/01/2018 - "Effect of oral premedication on the anaesthetic efficacy of inferior alveolar nerve block in patients with irreversible pulpitis - A systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials." 02/01/2016 - "Effect of Oral Premedication on the Efficacy of Inferior Alveolar Nerve Block in Patients with Symptomatic Irreversible Pulpitis: A Prospective, Double-Blind, Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial." 09/01/2018 - "Randomized controlled trials (RCT) studying the effect of oral premedication, alone or in combination, on the success of IANB for cases of irreversible pulpitis, compared to placebo or other oral premedications, were included. " 01/01/2023 - "This umbrella review aimed to revise, qualify and summarize the existing body of evidence on the effect of premedication on IANB in patients with irreversible pulpitis. " 01/01/2023 - "Effect of premedication on the success of inferior alveolar nerve block in patients diagnosed with irreversible pulpitis: An umbrella review."
3.	Pulpotomy 01/01/2019 - "The objective of this systematic review is to determine whether coronal pulpotomy is clinically effective in treating carious teeth with signs and symptoms indicative of irreversible pulpitis. " 06/01/2023 - "The aim of this study was to compare the outcome, quality of life (QOL), and patients' satisfaction after full pulpotomy and RCT in mature teeth with irreversible pulpitis. " 01/01/2023 - "The aim of this study was to describe the treatment of permanent teeth diagnosed with irreversible pulpitis, which can be effectively managed with partial or total pulpotomy. " 11/24/2022 - "In this study, the treatment outcome of pulpotomy was not related to sex, or tooth position and the cause of pulpitis. " 11/24/2022 - "This study aimed to investigate the factors affecting the success rate of full pulpotomy in permanent posterior teeth with pulpitis. "
4.	Injections 10/01/2014 - "Efficacy of supplementary buccal infiltrations and intraligamentary injections to inferior alveolar nerve blocks in mandibular first molars with asymptomatic irreversible pulpitis: a randomized controlled trial." 03/01/2013 - "Supplemental injections are essential to overcome failure of IAN block in patients with irreversible pulpitis. " 09/01/2021 - "This study aimed to determine the success rate of retromolar canal (RMC) infiltration following the failure of inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB) injections for the anesthesia of mandibular first molars with acute irreversible pulpitis. " 10/01/2018 - "Previous studies have reported that it is difficult to obtain proper anesthesia in mandibular molars with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis, and supplemental injections are usually unavoidable. " 06/01/2014 - "Profound pulpal anesthesia in mandibular molars with irreversible pulpitis (IP) is often difficult to obtain and often requires supplemental injections after an ineffective inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB). "
5.	Pulpectomy 01/01/2022 - "This study included 64 primary molars with irreversible pulpitis indicated for single visit pulpectomy. " 07/01/2023 - "Mature permanent teeth with irreversible pulpitis have traditionally been managed with pulpectomy. " 04/01/2020 - "The American Association of Endodontists (AAE) Consensus Conference Recommended Diagnostic Terminology states that mature permanent teeth clinically diagnosed with irreversible pulpitis are treated with pulpectomy and root canal filling because inflamed vital pulp is not capable of healing. " 01/01/2015 - "Pulpectomy is the preferred treatment for restorable primary teeth with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis or periradicular lesion. " 01/01/2015 - "Pulpectomies were performed for 54 patients with acute and chronic irreversible pulpitides and for 5 patients (control group) with orthodontic extractions. "