Precocious Puberty

Development of SEXUAL MATURATION in boys and girls at a chronological age that is 2.5 standard deviations below the mean age at onset of PUBERTY in the population. This early maturation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis results in sexual precocity, elevated serum levels of GONADOTROPINS and GONADAL STEROID HORMONES such as ESTRADIOL and TESTOSTERONE.

Also Known As:

Puberty, Precocious; Familial Precocious Puberty; Idiopathic Sexual Precocity; Precocious Puberty, Central; Precocious Puberty, Male Limited; Precocious Puberty, Male-Limited; Pubertas Praecox; Sexual Precocity; Testotoxicosis; Central Precocious Puberties; Central Precocious Puberty; Familial Precocious Puberties; Idiopathic Sexual Precocities; Male-Limited Precocious Puberties; Male-Limited Precocious Puberty; Praecox, Pubertas; Precocious Puberties; Precocious Puberties, Central; Precocious Puberties, Familial; Precocious Puberties, Male-Limited; Precocious Puberty, Familial; Precocities, Idiopathic Sexual; Precocities, Sexual; Precocity, Idiopathic Sexual; Precocity, Sexual; Puberties, Central Precocious; Puberties, Familial Precocious; Puberties, Male-Limited Precocious; Puberties, Precocious; Puberty, Central Precocious; Puberty, Familial Precocious; Puberty, Male-Limited Precocious; Sexual Precocities; Sexual Precocities, Idiopathic; Sexual Precocity, Idiopathic

Networked: 2495 relevant articles (147 outcomes, 311 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Endocrine System Diseases: 968
- Gonadal Disorders: 30
  - Precocious Puberty: 2495

Related Diseases

1.	Precocious Puberty
2.	Polyostotic Fibrous Dysplasia (McCune Albright Syndrome)
3.	Neoplasms (Cancer)
4.	Endometriosis
5.	Hypogonadism (Hypergonadotropic Hypogonadism)

Experts

1.	Latronico, Ana Claudia: 39 articles (01/2021 - 04/2006)
2.	Eugster, Erica A: 33 articles (01/2022 - 07/2003)
3.	Hwang, Jin Soon: 24 articles (04/2022 - 01/2010)
4.	Lee, Hae Sang: 21 articles (04/2022 - 01/2013)
5.	Kaiser, Ursula B: 20 articles (10/2021 - 02/2008)
6.	Brauner, Raja: 17 articles (01/2018 - 01/2002)
7.	Brito, Vinicius N: 16 articles (11/2021 - 09/2004)
8.	Mendonca, Berenice B: 15 articles (11/2021 - 09/2004)
9.	Brito, Vinicius Nahime: 15 articles (01/2021 - 04/2006)
10.	Lee, Peter A: 15 articles (01/2021 - 01/2003)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Precocious Puberty:

1.	Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH)FDA Link 02/01/2012 - "We suggest that the rapid growth velocity is the most useful predictive factor for positive results in the GnRH stimulation test in girls with suspected precocious puberty." 07/01/2000 - "In conclusion, a gain of 7.9 cm in adult height represents a significant improvement which justifies the addition of GH for 2-3 yr to conventional treatment with GnRH analogues in patients with central precocious puberty, and with a decrease in growth velocity so marked as to impair predicted adult height to below the third percentile." 01/01/1976 - "Basal FSH in children with precocious puberty was within the limits of normal prepuberal children, and FSH secretion in response to LH-RH was not significantly greater than in the group of normal prepubertal and pubertal girls. " 01/01/2023 - "Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) analogs remain the mainstay of treatment for central precocious puberty but should be restricted to individuals with rapidly progressive puberty and compromised final height. " 01/01/2022 - "Gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogs (GnRHas) are effective in increasing the final height of children with idiopathic central precocious puberty (ICPP). "
2.	6-chloro-2-(1-piperazinyl)pyrazine (CPP)IBA 01/01/2021 - "Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is the best approach to investigate the hypothalamic-pituitary region in children with central precocious puberty (CPP). " 11/27/2023 - "In recent years, central precocious puberty (CPP) in children is becoming more common, which seriously affects their physical and psychological health and requires finding a safe and effective treatment method. " 01/01/2022 - "The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of a LA 11.25 mg 3-month depot with that of a 3.75 mg 1-month depot in suppressing pubertal development for the treatment of central precocious puberty (CPP). " 01/01/2022 - "However, it is the diagnostic gold standard for central precocious puberty (CPP), which in girls is defined as the onset of secondary sexual characteristics before the age of 8 years accompanied by breast buds, accelerated growth, and advanced bone age. " 12/01/2023 - "DLK1 and MKRN3 that previously described as cause of the central precocious puberty (CPP) in human were differentially expressed in this study. "
3.	GonadotropinsIBA 08/01/1991 - "A dose of more than 30 micrograms/kg of TAP-144-SR is effective in suppressing gonadotropins and causing improvement of clinical symptoms, and appears to be useful in treating children with central precocious puberty." 02/01/1986 - "Finally, the detailed characterization of children with precocious puberty has helped to define more precisely a subset of patients whose precocity occurs in the absence of demonstrable gonadotropin secretion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)" 12/01/2013 - "The aim of this study was to investigate the diagnostic accuracy of basal gonadotropin levels for girls with suspected precocious puberty and to evaluate the factors affecting positive results of the GnRHST. " 01/01/2011 - "Gonadotropin stimulation test is the gold standard to document precocious puberty. " 05/11/2023 - "The study included 30 patients (29 girls, 1 boy) with idiopathic gonadotropin-dependent precocious puberty. "
4.	Leuprolide (Lupron)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/2022 - "Efficacy of Leuprorelin 3-Month Depot (11.25 mg) Compared to 1-Month Depot (3.75 mg) for Central Precocious Puberty in Chinese Girls: A Prospective Cohort Study." 06/05/2023 - "Efficacy and Safety of Leuprolide Acetate 6-Month Depot for the Treatment of Central Precocious Puberty: A Phase 3 Study." 06/16/2021 - "Corrigendum to: "Phase 3 Trial of a Small-Volume Subcutaneous 6-Month Duration Leuprolide Acetate Treatment for Central Precocious Puberty"." 10/01/2020 - "Phase 3 Trial of a Small-volume Subcutaneous 6-Month Duration Leuprolide Acetate Treatment for Central Precocious Puberty." 11/01/2016 - "This study included 383 girls (214 girls with central precocious puberty and 169 girls who underwent early puberty) treated with depot leuprolide acetate monthly for at least 2 years. "
5.	Aromatase InhibitorsIBA 04/01/2014 - "Third-generation Aromatase Inhibitor Improved Adult Height in a Japanese Boy with Testotoxicosis." 10/01/2022 - "Management of endocrinopathies is usually medical, with precocious puberty in girls most often treated with aromatase inhibitors. " 06/01/2007 - "Aromatase inhibitors are particularly useful to delay epiphysial maturation and increase predicted adult height in boys with pubertas praecox, idiopathic short stature and constitutional delay of puberty. " 01/01/2004 - "Although a few anecdotal reports of the use of newer generation aromatase inhibitors in precocious puberty exist, the extreme rarity of the relevant disorders remains a limiting factor in clinical investigation. " 01/01/2004 - "Aromatase inhibitors have been used in the treatment of selective forms of precocious puberty since the mid-1980s. "
6.	Hormones (Hormone)IBA 05/01/2002 - "The symptoms and signs of precocious puberty resolved completely, and sexual hormone levels decreased to the pre-pubertal range in all six patients without any postoperative complications. " 07/01/2006 - "Sexual precocity symptoms disappeared and abnormal laboratory results returned to normal in 5 of the 21-OHD patients, who adhered to hormone treatment, and height growth was improved in the other 2, who received the medicine at an early age. " 01/01/2023 - "Frequency-dependent alterations in regional homogeneity associated with puberty hormones in girls with central precocious puberty: A resting-state fMRI study." 10/09/2023 - "Alterations in Appetite-Regulating Hormones in Girls with Central Early or Precocious Puberty." 06/06/2023 - "Peripheral precocious puberty(PPP),also known as puberty independent from hypothalamic-pituitary axis activation,is stimulated by hormones from other sources, with only partial sexual characteristics development but without mature sexual function. "
7.	Buserelin (Suprefact)IBA 10/01/1989 - "Buserelin at a dose of 1800 micrograms/day is effective in the treatment of most but not all patients with precocious puberty." 02/01/1990 - "Buserelin treatment was safe and well accepted, and offers the promise of improved linear growth potential in precocious puberty." 03/01/1990 - "Buserelin represents a first-line treatment of central precocious puberty. " 06/01/1984 - "These results confirm the efficacy and safety of Buserelin by intranasal and sc routes in patients with sexual precocity and indicate a need for long term studies." 01/01/1994 - "Our data suggest that intranasal buserelin treatment preserves final height in girls with sexual precocity and initially impaired height prognosis."
8.	Triptorelin Pamoate (Trelstar)FDA Link 08/30/2021 - "Efficacy of Triptorelin 3-Month Depot Compared to 1-Month Depot for the Treatment of Korean Girls with Central Precocious Puberty in Single Tertiary Center." 07/01/2015 - "To evaluate the long-term efficacy of triptorelin 3.75 mg subcutaneously every 6 weeks on the final height in girls with idiopathic central precocious puberty (ICPP). " 12/01/1998 - "Efficacy of the subcutaneous reformulated triptorelin depot in children with central precocious puberty." 10/01/2023 - "Efficacy and Safety of Triptorelin 3-Month Formulation in Chinese Children with Central Precocious Puberty: A Phase 3, Open-Label, Single-Arm Study." 01/01/2020 - "Fertility of Women Treated during Childhood with Triptorelin (Depot Formulation) for Central Precocious Puberty: The PREFER Study."
9.	Testolactone (Teslac)FDA Link 06/01/1997 - "Precocious puberty was treated initially with testolactone and later with oophorectomy. " 01/01/2004 - "The first-generation agent, testolactone, has been demonstrated to be tolerable and effective in the treatment of familial male precocious puberty, while mixed results with testolactone have been achieved in girls with McCune-Albright syndrome. " 10/30/1986 - "We conclude that testolactone is an effective treatment of precocious puberty in the McCune-Albright syndrome." 06/01/1985 - "Testolactone treatment of precocious puberty in McCune-Albright syndrome." 09/01/1993 - "Long-term testolactone therapy for precocious puberty in girls with the McCune-Albright syndrome."
10.	Growth Hormone (Somatotropin)IBA 03/01/1987 - "Girls with central precocious puberty had significantly greater mean 24-hour levels of growth hormone in comparison with normal prepubertal girls (5.1 +/- 0.5 SEM vs 3.4 +/- 0.3 ng/mL, P less than 0.005). " 10/01/2021 - "In our study, most relevant radiologic findings in patients with growth hormone deficiency, central precocious puberty, and short stature were detectable without contrast, providing evidence that contrast can be avoided in routine MR imaging evaluation of these indications. " 10/01/2021 - "Of the 134/442 MR imaging studies obtained for growth hormone deficiency, central precocious puberty, or short stature with hypothalamic-pituitary region abnormalities, there was 70% concordance with the original reports on blinded review of noncontrast images. " 10/01/2021 - "Pituitary MR imaging studies obtained for growth hormone deficiency, central precocious puberty, or short stature in patients 0-18 years of age from 2010 to 2019 were analyzed. " 01/01/2023 - "Growth hormone (GH) treatment was not given and although precocious puberty was treated in line with standard protocols, patient's final height remained below the target range. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Therapeutics 11/01/2011 - "We conclude that combined GH plus GnRHa therapy can be useful in a subset of CAH patients with significant reduction of predicted final height associated with poor hormonal control and central precocious puberty." 06/01/2014 - "GnRHa therapy is effective in improving adult height in patients who present with classic central precocious puberty (at <8 years old), without causing adverse effects on body composition, BMD and reproductive function. " 05/16/1986 - "We conclude that LHRHa appears to be an effective long-term therapy for central precocious puberty." 02/01/1995 - "Ovarian ultrasonography may be helpful in distinguishing the various types of precocious puberty, and the ovarian appearances increasingly influence choice of therapy in these girls. " 08/21/2023 - "The study includes 130 female patients with suspected precocious puberty or in follow-up during suppressive therapy. "
2.	Aftercare (After-Treatment) 09/01/1983 - "Physical changes associated with the onset of precocious puberty in rats after treatment with PMSG." 12/01/2011 - "The clinical symptoms of children with McCune-Albright syndrome or CAH were alliaviated partly after treatment, and 7 cases were transformed to central precocious puberty. " 09/01/2010 - "Here we report two boys with coexistent central precocious puberty and primary gonadal failure after treatment for childhood malignancies." 09/01/2010 - "Combined central precocious puberty and primary gonadal failure after treatment of childhood malignancy in two boys: a diagnostic and therapeutic conundrum." 11/01/1991 - "After treatment with cyproterone acetate for 7 years the precocious puberty and excess growth improved but the bone-age still remain advanced. "
3.	Injections 11/01/1984 - "We treated six boys, aged 1-6 yr, with true precocious puberty due to hypothalamic hamartoma for 6-24 months with daily sc injections of LRHa. " 07/01/2006 - "Leuprolide (aLHRH) 11.25 mg, injected every three months, is effective for the control of central precocious puberty and allows to reduce the number of yearly injections from 12 to 4." 06/01/1994 - "Interestingly, there also seems to be a critical period of NMDA effectiveness because daily injections of NMA (30 mg/kg) from day 16 to 20 do not induce precocious puberty. " 06/01/1994 - "It is known that multiple daily injections of immature rats and monkeys with NMDA will induce precocious puberty. " 01/01/1993 - "Precocious puberty in chicks (Gallus domesticus) induced by central injections of neuropeptide Y."
4.	Contraception (Birth Control) 05/01/2016 - "Chinese female adoptees used less medication for precocious puberty (as treatment for precocious puberty; odds ratio (OR) = 0.57, effect size Cohen's d = -0.31) and contraception (OR = 0.65, d = -0.24) than non-adoptees. " 01/01/1988 - "Analogues are proving valuable in the treatment of precocious puberty, but are not yet practical for contraception. " 04/20/1980 - " In teenagers, the sexual precocity brought about by safe contraceptive methods, does not change or improve the psychological difficulties inherent to adolescence." 01/01/1987 - "for prostatic cancer, endometriosis, precocious puberty, and contraception." 04/01/1992 - "Recent approaches to inhibiting testicular function for the purposes of male contraception, treatment of precocious puberty, and palliation of prostatic disease (prostatic carcinoma and benign prostatic hypertrophy) are addressed. "
5.	Combined Modality Therapy 12/01/1993 - "Intracranial choriocarcinoma causing precocious puberty and cured with combined modality therapy."