Psychomotor Disorders

Abnormalities of motor function that are associated with organic and non-organic cognitive disorders.

Also Known As:

Developmental Psychomotor Disorders; Psychomotor Disorders, Developmental; Developmental Psychomotor Disorder; Impairment, Psychomotor; Impairments, Psychomotor; Psychomotor Disorder, Developmental; Psychomotor Impairments; Psychomotor Impairment

Networked: 231 relevant articles (6 outcomes, 22 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Amnesia (Dissociative Amnesia)
2.	Perennial Allergic Rhinitis
3.	Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis (Hay Fever)
4.	Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders (Insomnia)
5.	Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder)

Experts

1.	Zacny, James P: 7 articles (01/2012 - 01/2003)
2.	Vandrey, Ryan: 4 articles (07/2021 - 11/2018)
3.	Mørland, Jørg: 4 articles (05/2012 - 06/2006)
4.	Spindle, Tory R: 3 articles (07/2021 - 11/2018)
5.	Bramness, Jørgen G: 3 articles (11/2009 - 06/2006)
6.	Gutierrez, Sandra: 3 articles (04/2009 - 11/2003)
7.	Ramaekers, Johannes G: 2 articles (01/2021 - 01/2021)
8.	Verster, Joris C: 2 articles (01/2021 - 01/2010)
9.	Bigelow, George E: 2 articles (01/2020 - 11/2018)
10.	Cone, Edward J: 2 articles (01/2020 - 11/2018)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Psychomotor Disorders:

1.	Diazepam (Valium)FDA LinkGeneric 06/01/1996 - "Psychomotor impairment after 6 weeks of diazepam was similar to that seen in nonanxious volunteers." 02/01/1992 - "By 5 h after injection, 0.3 mg/kg of diazepam showed the highest scores of psychomotor impairment. " 04/01/1978 - "A technique for investigating the intensity and duration of human psychomotor impairment after intravenous diazepam." 08/01/2007 - "Dissociation between objective psychomotor impairment and subjective sleepiness after diazepam administration in the aged people." 08/01/1984 - "In the single dose study its effects were similar to diazepam for sedative action and most of the psychological tests, with a tendency towards greater psychomotor impairment. "
2.	BenzodiazepinesIBA 10/01/1995 - "In cases where a benzodiazepine eliminated by oxidative metabolism is required, a reduction in initial dosage and careful clinical evaluation for signs of psychomotor impairment may be appropriate." 01/01/2020 - "The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of benzodiazepines on eyelid parameters and evaluate their accuracy for detecting psychomotor impairment. " 01/01/2020 - "Eyelid parameters were affected by benzodiazepines and accurately detected the psychomotor impairment. " 09/30/2014 - "They are associated with less drowsiness, psychomotor impairment, alcohol potentiation and potential for addiction or abuse than benzodiazepines. " 01/01/2006 - "Patients receiving benzodiazepines are at increased risk of daytime sedation, falls, and cognitive and psychomotor impairment. "
3.	Flumazenil (Romazicon)FDA LinkGeneric 11/01/1992 - "Flumazenil (mean dose: 0.73 mg [7.3 ml]) was significantly more effective than placebo (mean dose: 8.9 ml) in reversing sedation, psychomotor impairment, and amnesia within 5 minutes after the start of administration. " 01/01/1990 - "Flumazenil reversed the psychomotor impairments induced by midazolam but not its amnesic effects. " 09/01/2002 - "Results indicate that within 20 min of administration, oral flumazenil is capable of partially reversing some cognitive and psychomotor impairments but the attentional and stimulus discrimination effects of midazolam sedation still remain." 10/01/1996 - "These results demonstrate that flumazenil's effects on reversing psychomotor impairment are similar when midazolam or diazepam are used for conscious sedation. " 10/01/1996 - "Flumazenil reversal of psychomotor impairment due to midazolam or diazepam for conscious sedation for upper endoscopy."
4.	Terfenadine (Seldane)IBA 04/01/1993 - "while several of the newer antihistamines, such as terfenadine, have overcome the problem of sedation, it is also important to establish their propensity to cause psychomotor impairment. " 01/01/1982 - "Clinically, terfenadine is effective against perennial allergic rhinitis, acute seasonal allergic rhinitis and allergic skin conditions while being devoid of CNS effects including sedation, psychomotor impairment or interaction with diazepam or alcohol. "
5.	Verapamil (Calan)FDA LinkGeneric 04/01/1992 - "Verapamil appears to be an effective hypotensive and does not produce profound psychomotor impairment at clinically used doses during the first weeks of treatment."
6.	Indicators and Reagents (Reagents)IBA 01/01/2020 - "Four primary agenda items for future research are identified to expedite development of improved clinical outcome assessments for this toolkit: (1) determine whether minimally invasive biologic assays could identify an acute level of cannabis use associated with psychomotor impairment or other cannabis-related harms; (2) create an indicator of quantity of cannabis use that is consistent across product types; (3) examine the presence of cannabis-specific functional outcomes; and (4) identify an optimal duration to assess changes in CUD diagnostic criteria."
7.	Hypnotics and Sedatives (Sedatives)IBA 07/15/2013 - "Since significant next-day cognitive and psychomotor impairment is documented with off-label MOTN hypnotic use, prescribing physicians should question patients about unsupervised MOTN dosing." 02/01/1980 - "Insomniacs performed poorly on psychomotor tests, but as a group they did not show statistically significant psychomotor impairment after the use of the hypnotics." 11/19/2005 - "To quantify and compare potential benefits (subjective reports of sleep variables) and risks (adverse events and morning-after psychomotor impairment) of short term treatment with sedative hypnotics in older people with insomnia. " 01/01/1992 - "The concentration of nitrazepam increased gradually during the course of treatment and was associated with residual sedative effects on days 4 and 7. Nitrazepam produced no apparent psychomotor impairments in these studies. " 08/01/1984 - "In the single dose study its effects were similar to diazepam for sedative action and most of the psychological tests, with a tendency towards greater psychomotor impairment. "
8.	Opioid Analgesics (Opioids)IBA 07/01/2012 - "The data on opioid-induced psychomotor impairment and its effects on driving an automobile require further direct study to examine current inferences. " 07/01/2012 - "The best available evidence demonstrates psychomotor impairment following acute administration of opioids or an increase in opioid dosage, but impairment diminishes with chronic, stable opioid usage. " 07/01/2012 - "This article examines current DUID policy and attempts to present unified suggestions for improvement based on best scientific evidence of opioid-induced psychomotor impairment. " 10/01/2005 - "No evidence of opioid intoxication or psychomotor impairment was observed. " 12/01/2001 - "Faster infusions also resulted in greater self-reported drug effects and opioid agonist effects, without producing significant physiological or psychomotor impairment. "
9.	Ethanol (Ethyl Alcohol)IBA 09/10/2013 - "Attempting to drive with a BAC above 0.4 g% verifies the development of an appreciable tolerance to ethanol-induced cognitive and psychomotor impairment. " 05/01/2001 - "Taken together, results suggest that prolonged voluntary ethanol intake could induce permanent psychomotor impairment and associative learning facilitation, and also an impairment of the inhibition related to the intoxication state." 01/01/1985 - "This paper reviews animal and human studies bearing on its relative abuse liability, including data on pharmacological profile, reinforcing effects, liking, speed of onset, discriminative stimulus effects, subjective effects, physiological dependence, rebound and early morning insomnia, drug produced anxiety, lethality in overdose, psychomotor impairment, interactions with ethanol, anterograde amnesia, impaired awareness of drug effect, and other psychiatric and behavioral disturbances. " 05/01/2012 - "Individual psychomotor impairment in relation to zopiclone and ethanol concentrations in blood--a randomized controlled double-blinded trial." 10/01/1980 - "Ethanol may enhance the sedative effect of benzodiazepines leading to greater psychomotor impairment, but the mechanism is not clear. "
10.	Nitrazepam (Serenade)IBA 01/01/1992 - "The concentration of nitrazepam increased gradually during the course of treatment and was associated with residual sedative effects on days 4 and 7. Nitrazepam produced no apparent psychomotor impairments in these studies. " 10/01/1987 - "This study examined psychomotor impairment in healthy young males and females after 1 and 7 nights of flunitrazepam (1 mg), nitrazepam (2.5 mg) and temazepam (10 mg). " 11/01/1980 - "On the morning after a hypnotic dose some residual psychomotor impairment does occur, which is comparable to that with usual doses of nitrazepam or flurazepam, but clinically apparent 'hangover' occurs infrequently. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Therapeutics 07/01/2004 - "This pharmacokinetic difference appears to translate into a reduced liability of abuse and a reduced incidence of sedation and cognitive and psychomotor impairment during acute therapy. " 09/01/2015 - "Effectiveness of equine therapy in children with psychomotor impairment." 01/01/1987 - "During the initiation of therapy, the patient will likely experience less sedation and psychomotor impairment with smaller, more frequent doses. " 01/01/1983 - "[Psychomotor disorders in psychiatric patients as a possible basis for new approaches in differential diagnosis and therapy. " 05/01/2002 - "Assessments included residual sedation, psychomotor impairment, or cognitive dysfunction during treatment, as well as the occurrence of rebound insomnia and withdrawal effects after discontinuation of therapy. "
2.	Preoperative Period 08/01/2000 - "Patients in the three midazolam groups experienced significant psychomotor impairment in the preoperative period compared with melatonin or placebo. " 06/01/1999 - "Midazolam produced the highest scores for sedation at 30 and 60 min after administration and significant psychomotor impairment in the preoperative period compared with melatonin or placebo. "
3.	Palliative Care (Palliative Therapy) 04/01/2003 - "Psychomotor impairment and neurological sequelae are apparently more severe in infants in whom only palliative surgery is possible." 10/01/2019 - "At the end of the follow-up, 6 patients (14%) died within 2 years of age; 20 patient (49%) had a drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE); 9 patients (22%) had a language development delay (LDD); 12 patients (30%) had an autism spectrum disorder (ASD); 20 patients (49%) had a global psychomotor impairment (GPI); 9 patients (22%) needed palliative care; and nobody had a normal psychomotor development. "
4.	Activities of Daily Living (ADL) 01/01/2008 - "Particular common features include cognitive deficits (attention, executive functioning, language and memory), functional difficulties (in activities of daily living), psychomotor impairment (dyspraxia and poor co-ordination), and behavioural difficulties (aggression, agitation, and wandering). " 01/01/2012 - "Among psychomotor disorders in children, developmental coordination disorder (DCD) is characterized by a motor skill impairment that interferes with psychomotor development, academic performance and activities of daily living, despite normal intelligence. "
5.	Equine-Assisted Therapy 10/01/2017 - "Programs such as therapeutic riding and hippotherapy are a viable intervention option for patients with balance, gait, and psychomotor disorders."