Proctocolitis (Hemorrhagic Proctocolitis)

Inflammation of the RECTUM and the distal portion of the COLON.

Also Known As:

Hemorrhagic Proctocolitis; Ulcerative Proctocolitis; Hemorrhagic Rectocolitis; Proctocolitides, Ulcerative; Rectocolitides, Ulcerative; Ulcerative Proctocolitides; Ulcerative Rectocolitides; Ulcerative Rectocolitis; Proctocolitis, Hemorrhagic; Proctocolitis, Ulcerative; Proctosigmoiditis; Rectocolitis; Rectocolitis, Hemorrhagic; Rectocolitis, Ulcerative; Rectosigmoiditis

Networked: 482 relevant articles (42 outcomes, 49 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Digestive System Diseases: 1042
- Gastrointestinal Diseases: 5874
  - Gastroenteritis: 4572
    - Colitis: 20200
      - Proctocolitis: 482
    - Proctitis: 1087
      - Proctocolitis: 482
  - Intestinal Diseases: 1601
    - Colonic Diseases: 359
      - Colitis: 20200
        Proctocolitis: 482
      - Sigmoid Diseases: 3
        Proctocolitis: 482
    - Rectal Diseases: 191
      - Proctitis: 1087
        Proctocolitis: 482

Related Diseases

1.	Proctitis
2.	Ulcerative Colitis
3.	Colitis
4.	Hemorrhage
5.	Crohn Disease (Crohn's Disease)

Experts

1.	Nowak-Węgrzyn, Anna: 6 articles (01/2017 - 07/2013)
2.	Greinwald, R: 4 articles (11/2011 - 09/2000)
3.	Sekerel, Bulent Enis: 3 articles (01/2021 - 09/2017)
4.	Soyer, Ozge: 3 articles (01/2021 - 01/2017)
5.	Järvinen, Kirsi M: 3 articles (12/2020 - 09/2012)
6.	Di Nardo, Giovanni: 3 articles (10/2020 - 07/2011)
7.	Shreffler, Wayne G: 3 articles (01/2020 - 08/2016)
8.	Yuan, Qian: 3 articles (01/2020 - 08/2016)
9.	Heine, Ralf G: 3 articles (01/2017 - 06/2004)
10.	Sandborn, William J: 3 articles (01/2016 - 04/2015)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Proctocolitis:

1.	Mesalamine (Mesalazine)FDA LinkGeneric 10/01/2013 - "To evaluate the evidence on the use of mesalazine for the maintenance of remission in patients with unspecified ulcerative rectocolitis and its effectiveness when taken once versus more than once a day. " 09/01/2000 - "Clinical remission was more frequent in the mesalazine group than the placebo group (65% vs. 40%; P=0.0082), particularly in patients with mild disease and patients with proctosigmoiditis. " 12/01/1997 - "Pentasa 1 g suppository once daily induces a quicker clinical and sigmoidoscopic remission, and was better tolerated, than the Claversal 500 mg suppository b.d., and it may represent an advance for the topical treatment of distal proctosigmoiditis." 07/01/1990 - "A multicentre double-blind study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of 1 g or 1.5 g mesalazine daily compared with placebo in 94 patients with mild to moderate distal proctosigmoiditis (less than 20 cm). " 01/01/1990 - "[Efficacy and tolerability of 5-aminosalicylic acid in the short-term treatment of ulcerative rectocolitis during the mild or moderate stage]."
2.	Budesonide (Pulmicort)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/2018 - "Author's reply: can budesonide form be alterative treatment for ulcerative proctosigmoiditis?" 09/01/2005 - "In the majority of patients, budesonide foam effectively spread up to the left-sided colon and thus qualifies for the local treatment of proctosigmoiditis." 01/01/2021 - "The efficacy of budesonide MMX in this setting has been assessed by registrative randomized controlled trials showing a higher rate of clinical and endoscopic remission at 8 weeks compared with placebo, mostly in patients with proctosigmoiditis and left-side colitis. " 11/01/2015 - "Budesonide Foam Has a Favorable Safety Profile for Inducing Remission in Mild-to-Moderate Ulcerative Proctitis or Proctosigmoiditis." 04/01/2015 - "Budesonide rectal foam was well tolerated and more efficacious than placebo in inducing remission in patients with mild to moderate ulcerative proctitis and ulcerative proctosigmoiditis. "
3.	Suppositories (Vaginal Suppositories)IBA 10/01/2002 - "Ulcerative proctitis is treated with 2 x 500 mg or 1 x 1 g suppositories and proctosigmoiditis with 1 to 4 g enemas. " 07/01/1990 - "Mesalazine suppositories are safe, well tolerated, and very effective in patients with active distal proctosigmoiditis: 500 mg twice daily appears a suitable dose regimen." 01/01/1998 - "Mesalamine enemas and suppositories are useful in treating proctosigmoiditis. " 01/01/1990 - "Patient compliance and dramatic response even when conventional therapy has failed make an excellent case for mesalazine suppositories being the treatment of choice for distal ulcerative proctocolitis." 09/01/1990 - "5-Aminosalicylic acid suppositories in the maintenance of remission in idiopathic proctitis or proctosigmoiditis: a double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial."
4.	Prednisolone (Predate)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/1978 - "A randomized controlled trial has been performed on patients with proctocolitis, in which 23 received 40 mg prednisolone each morning as one dose, and 22 received 10 mg four times a day, over two weeks. " 01/01/1978 - "A comparison of oral prednisolone given as single or multiple daily doses for active proctocolitis." 05/01/1979 - "The amount of prednisolone absorbed from a 20 mg retention enema given to patients with proctocolitis was about 44% of that absorbed from the same dose orally administered. " 05/11/1962 - "[Treatment of proctocolitis with prednisolone enemas]." 06/01/1987 - "Topical 5-aminosalicylic acid versus prednisolone in ulcerative proctosigmoiditis. "
5.	Proteins (Proteins, Gene)FDA Link 10/01/2020 - "The gold standard diagnostic procedure for food protein-induced proctocolitis (FPIP) requires flexible sigmoidoscopy (FS). " 05/15/2022 - "To study the features of intestinal flora in children with food protein-induced proctocolitis (FPIP) by high-throughput sequencing. " 02/01/2018 - "Today, as a result of an increase in the frequency of food protein-induced allergic proctocolitis (FPIAP), there is a need for studies not only to enlighten the pathophysiology of the disease but also to determine simple, non-invasive markers in both diagnosis, and evaluation of the development of tolerance. " 09/01/2016 - "The aim of this study was therefore to clarify and compare the incidence of this in patients with FPIES versus patients with food protein-induced proctocolitis (FPIP). " 04/01/2007 - "The clinicopathological findings in previous studies concerning food protein-induced proctocolitis (FPIPC) are quite diverse in terms of results and conclusions. "
6.	Adrenal Cortex Hormones (Corticosteroids)IBA 10/31/1965 - "[The place of corticoids in the treatment of ulcerative and hemorrhagic rectocolitis]." 11/01/1963 - "[Local corticoid therapy in mucohemorrhagic rectocolitis]." 12/01/1985 - "Female patients with early-onset proctocolitis tended to be more severely afflicted than males, with an increased incidence of weight loss, leukocytosis, increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and need for systemic corticosteroid therapy. " 01/01/1999 - "Decline immunity due to long-standing corticoid therapy (prednisone) for proctocolitis idiopathica was observed. " 01/01/2016 - "Rectal budesonide foam is a second-generation corticosteroid efficacious for active mild to moderate ulcerative proctitis and ulcerative proctosigmoiditis. "
7.	Azathioprine (Imuran)FDA LinkGeneric 02/01/1975 - "A double-blind therapeutic trial of azathioprine in 20 patients with acute proctocolitis was performed over a 3-month period. " 04/01/1970 - "[Favorable results of treatment in 4 cases of hemorrhagic rectocolitis, 2 of which were severe, with azathioprine]." 01/20/1970 - "[Favorable results of the treatment of hemorrhagic rectocolitis with azathioprine (Imuran)]." 10/01/1972 - "[Recent results of azathioprine treatment in hemorrhagic rectocolitis and colonic Crohn's disease]." 03/01/2011 - "The remission of proctosigmoiditis and left-sided colitis was achieved with aminosalicylates, and of pancolitis with the combination of aminosalicylates and glucocorticoids, except in cases of steroid-dependent colitis, which additionally required azathioprine. "
8.	Sucralfate (Carafate)FDA LinkGeneric 09/01/1999 - "This study indicates that sucralfate enemas may be useful in the treatment of ulcerative proctosigmoiditis." 05/01/1999 - "We conclude that topical sucralfate induces a lasting remission in a majority of patients with moderate to severe rectal bleeding due to radiation proctosigmoiditis." 05/01/1999 - "We had earlier shown the efficacy of short-term therapy with topical sucralfate in controlling bleeding in the radiation proctosigmoiditis. " 05/01/1999 - "Natural history of late radiation proctosigmoiditis treated with topical sucralfate suspension." 01/01/1991 - "In a prospective study, 37 consecutive patients with radiation-induced proctosigmoiditis were randomized to receive a four-week course of either 3.0 g oral sulfasalazine plus 20 mg twice daily rectal prednisolone enemas (group I, N = 18) or 2.0 g twice daily rectal sucralfate enemas plus oral placebo (group II, N = 19). "
9.	hydrocortisone acetate (Cortifoam)FDA LinkGeneric 04/01/1989 - "Colifoam seems to be an effective remedy for distal proctocolitis. " 04/01/1989 - "A 3-week open trial of rectal hydrocortisone acetate foam (Colifoam, Stafford Miller, UK) was conducted in 19 patients with active, nonspecific distal proctocolitis. " 04/01/1989 - "Effectiveness and absorption of rectal hydrocortisone acetate foam in nonspecific proctocolitis." 07/01/2003 - "Budesonide foam vs. hydrocortisone acetate foam in the treatment of active ulcerative proctosigmoiditis." 01/01/1992 - "[5-aminosalicylic acid enema (Pentasa) versus hydrocortisone acetate foam (Proctocort) for the treatment of outbreaks of proctitis and cryptogenetic proctosigmoiditis. "
10.	C-Reactive ProteinIBA 02/01/1988 - "On stepwise discriminant analysis, only C-reactive protein distinguished proctosigmoiditis from more improved the discrimination. " 09/01/2016 - "Serum C-reactive protein in food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome versus food protein-induced proctocolitis in Japan." 03/01/1988 - "The adherence of polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMN) to nylon fibre was investigated in patients with Crohn's disease, ulcerative proctocolitis, and anorexia nervosa, and compared with changes of circulating PMNs, C reactive protein concentrations, erythrocyte sedimentation rates, and clinical assessment of disease activity. " 01/01/1995 - "Total sialic acid (TSA), C-reactive protein (CRP); alpha 1 acid glycoprotein (alpha 1-AG), and beta 2-microglobulin were determined in 84 patients affected by non-malignant intestinal diseases, Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), active and in remission; non-ulcerative proctosigmoiditis; diverticulosis; diverticulitis (ie, inflammatory complication of diverticulosis). "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Enema (Enemas) 10/01/1992 - "This study indicates that SCFA enemas are equally efficacious to CS or 5-ASA enemas for the treatment of proctosigmoiditis at a significant cost savings." 01/01/2019 - "Self-administered alcohol enema causing chemical proctocolitis." 01/01/1986 - "In the present double-blind study, 43 patients with active ulcerative proctosigmoiditis received either placebo (n = 22) or 600 mg DSCG (n = 21) rectally as enemas for eight weeks. " 11/04/1978 - "The diagnosis and principles of treatment of complicated proctocolitis of enema origin are discussed. " 12/01/1987 - "We conclude that 5-ASA enema is effective in inducing remission in patients with proctocolitis unresponsive to conventional therapy."
2.	Therapeutics 07/01/2017 - "(4) Rectocolitis therapy could be a trigger factor of wall vessel involvement." 03/31/1992 - "[The surgical therapy of ulcerative rectocolitis. " 01/01/1992 - "Of the 49 patients with proctosigmoiditis, two-thirds had chronic symptoms resistant to previous therapy. " 01/01/1990 - "It is clear that the therapeutic options available for the treatment of ulcerative proctosigmoiditis have increased over the last few years and in the future additional therapies will be available. " 12/01/1987 - "Proctocolitis unresponsive to conventional therapy. "
3.	Argon Plasma Coagulation 12/01/2005 - "We report a case of hemorrhagic radiation proctosigmoiditis treated successfully with Argon plasma coagulation. " 07/01/2011 - "Argon plasma coagulation (APC) is considered a safe treatment for haemorrhagic chronic radiation proctocolitis (CRPC), but bacteraemia is a rare complication. " 08/01/1999 - "Argon plasma coagulation appears to be a simple, safe, and effective technique in the management of hemorrhagic radiation-induced proctosigmoiditis." 07/01/2011 - "The incidence of bacteraemia after argon plasma coagulation in patients with chronic radiation proctocolitis." 08/01/1999 - "From December 1996 through March 1998, we used argon plasma coagulation to treat 28 patients with hemorrhagic radiation-induced proctosigmoiditis. "
4.	Remission Induction 10/01/2013 - "National and international clinical guidelines recommend the use of aminosalicylates (including mesalazine) as first-line therapy for induction of remission of unspecified ulcerative rectocolitis, and recommend the maintenance of these agents after remission is achieved. " 04/01/2015 - "Two identically designed, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials evaluated the efficacy of budesonide foam for induction of remission in 546 patients with mild to moderate ulcerative proctitis or ulcerative proctosigmoiditis who received budesonide foam 2 mg/25 mL twice daily for 2 weeks, then once daily for 4 weeks, or placebo. " 01/01/2016 - "Budesonide foam was efficacious and safe for induction of remission of mild to moderate ulcerative proctitis and ulcerative proctosigmoiditis in patients receiving oral 5-ASA at baseline and those who were not (Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT01008410 and NCT01008423)."
5.	Rectal Administration 07/01/2003 - "Rectal administration of corticosteroids is advocated in patients with proctosigmoiditis who have failed therapy with mesalamine enema. " 01/01/1992 - "The therapeutic efficacy of 1 g 5-aminosalicylic acid enema was compared with that of 90 mg hydrocortisone acetate foam following daily rectal administration to patients with idiopathic proctitis or proctosigmoiditis during two weeks. " 06/01/1987 - "The therapeutic efficacy of a slightly acidic, buffered suspension of 1000 mg 5-aminosalicylic acid (Pentasa) was compared with that of 25 mg prednisolone following daily rectal administration to outpatients with mild to moderate proctosigmoiditis. "