Prekallikrein

A plasma protein which is the precursor of kallikrein. Plasma that is deficient in prekallikrein has been found to be abnormal in thromboplastin formation, kinin generation, evolution of a permeability globulin, and plasmin formation. The absence of prekallikrein in plasma leads to Fletcher factor deficiency, a congenital disease.

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Networked: 380 relevant articles (4 outcomes, 33 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Bio-Agent Context: Research Results

Experts

1.	Schmaier, Alvin H: 9 articles (11/2021 - 05/2003)
2.	Feener, Edward P: 7 articles (01/2022 - 02/2007)
3.	Girolami, Antonio: 6 articles (01/2020 - 12/2003)
4.	Gailani, David: 5 articles (01/2021 - 11/2011)
5.	Kaplan, Allen P: 5 articles (11/2020 - 09/2008)
6.	Lämmle, Bernhard: 4 articles (01/2021 - 03/2002)
7.	Lombardi, Anna Maria: 4 articles (07/2018 - 12/2003)
8.	Joseph, Kusumam: 4 articles (07/2017 - 09/2008)
9.	Gu, Ja-Yoon: 3 articles (07/2022 - 05/2017)
10.	Kim, Hyun Kyung: 3 articles (07/2022 - 05/2017)

Related Diseases

1.	Fibrosis (Cirrhosis) 01/01/1976 - "A significant reduction of the plasma prekallikrein in cirrhosis has been found. " 01/01/1990 - "In conclusion, plasma prekallikrein seems to indicate whether death is imminent in patients with liver insufficiency due to cirrhosis. " 01/01/1976 - "A lowering of plasma prekallikrein has also been observed in viral hepatitis; in this condition, however, the modifications were less important than those obtained in cirrhosis. " 02/23/1981 - "To study the last possiblity prekallikrein, endotoxins and Normotest were determined in 18 cirrhosis patients. " 11/01/1993 - "The decreased intrinsic fibrinolysis in severe cirrhosis, unaccompanied by a rise in C1-esterase inhibitor, may be explained by the decreased factor XII and prekallikrein activity. "
2.	Liver Diseases (Liver Disease) 01/01/1978 - "Studies on material from patients with various liver diseases indicated that the main site of prekallikrein biosynthesis is the liver." 11/01/1995 - "[Plasma prekallikrein in chronic liver diseases]." 01/01/1990 - "Longitudinal studies of prekallikrein activity in different subgroups of patients with chronic and acute liver disease are recommended." 02/23/1981 - "In the more severe forms of liver disease the time necessary to activate prekallikrein is increased." 02/23/1981 - "The activation of prekallikrein was slower in the more severe forms of liver disease. "
3.	Pre-Eclampsia (Preeclampsia) 03/04/1983 - "[Plasma prekallikrein level in pregnancy toxemia]." 01/01/1981 - "In patients with severe toxemia of pregnancy and hydatidiform mole, plasma prekallikrein levels were low, below the normal range. " 01/01/1983 - "Prekallikrein was markedly decreased in patients with acute obstetrical DIC and severe toxemia of pregnancy. " 01/01/2022 - "This study demonstrates significant reduction in kallikrein generating capacity, prekallikrein and cleaved H-kininogen indicating that the contact system is affected in preeclampsia suggesting a link to the pathophysiology of the disease." 01/01/2022 - "The endogenous kallikrein potential, peak kallikrein concentration, prekallikrein and cleaved H-kininogen were significantly lower in women with preeclampsia compared to the controls, p ≤ 0.005, whereas the concentration of coagulation factor XII, H-kininogen and complement C1 esterase inhibitor was not significantly different, p > 0.05. "
4.	Angioedema 09/01/2015 - "Controlling prekallikrein activation by C1 inhibitor (C1Inh) represents the most essential mechanism for angioedema patient protection. " 12/01/2004 - "Heterozygous individuals with <50% levels of active C1-inhibitor are susceptible to angioedema attacks indicating a critical need for C1-inhibitor to be present at maximum levels to prevent unwanted prekallikrein activation. " 01/01/2020 - "We report a patient with oropharyngeal angioedema associated with an ACE inhibitor with complete absence of plasma prekallikrein due to homozygous mutation (Ser97PhefsTer173)." 11/27/2023 - "Mean plasma prekallikrein and D-dimer concentrations decreased, and Angioedema Quality of Life Questionnaire total score improved from baseline to week 105 with donidalorsen. " 05/05/1983 - "We studied three patients with angioedema for evidence of activation of the contact system and found that during a symptomatic period they had decreased levels of prekallikrein, a substrate for the activated forms of factor XII, and reductions in high-molecular-weight kininogen, a substrate for plasma kallikrein. "
5.	Hypotension (Low Blood Pressure) 01/01/2014 - "On the other hand, in some pathological situations where plasma prekallikrein is inappropriately activated, excess kinin release in local or systemic circulation is detrimental, through oedema or hypotension. " 12/01/1989 - "5. It can be concluded from our results that plasma prekallikrein is activated in the blood immediately after administration of endotoxin to rats and that bradykinin is a major cause of the immediate hypotension." 08/01/1980 - "PKA, which was measured by its ability to catalyze the conversion of prekallikrein to kallikrein, ranged from 5% to 3950% of the activity in a reference plasma protein fraction that had caused hypotension. " 05/01/1972 - "The plasma prekallikrein-bradykininogen system was studied in 45 patients with chronic liver disease since its activation with increased liberation of kinin into the plasma could account for some of the clinical manifestations of cirrhosis, namely, vasodilatation, hypotension, and increased capillary permeability.A significant reduction in plasma bradykininogen was found in the cirrhotic patients as compared with control groups of normal subjects and hospital inpatients. "

Related Drugs and Biologics

1.	Kallikreins (Kallikrein)
2.	Kininogens (Kininogen)
3.	Kinins
4.	bradykininogen
5.	donidalorsen
6.	fibrin fragment D (D-dimer)
7.	Factor XII (Hageman Factor)
8.	Factor XI (Plasma Thromboplastin Antecedent)
9.	Proteins (Proteins, Gene)
10.	High-Molecular-Weight Kininogen (Kininogen, High Molecular Weight)

Related Therapies and Procedures

1.	Therapeutics
2.	Aftercare (After-Treatment)
3.	Low-Level Light Therapy (LLLT)
4.	Intralesional Injections
5.	Injections