Ectopic Pregnancy

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2128 relevant articles (99 outcomes, 204 trials/studies) found for this Disease

Description: A potentially life-threatening condition in which the EMBRYO, MAMMALIAN implants outside the cavity of the UTERUS. Most ectopic pregnancies (>96%) occur in the FALLOPIAN TUBES, known as TUBAL PREGNANCY. They can be in other locations, such as UTERINE CERVIX; OVARY; and abdominal cavity (PREGNANCY, ABDOMINAL).

Also Known As:

Pregnancy, Ectopic; Pregnancy, Ovarian; Ectopic Pregnancies; Ovarian Pregnancies; Pregnancies, Ectopic; Pregnancies, Ovarian; Ovarian Pregnancy

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Female Urogenital Diseases and Pregnancy Complications

Pregnancy Complications: 515

Ectopic Pregnancy: 2128

Tubal Pregnancy: 470

Abdominal Pregnancy: 88

Related Diseases

1.	Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (Pelvic Inflammatory Diseases)
2.	Tubal Pregnancy
3.	Infertility (Sterility)
4.	Hemorrhage
5.	Ovarian Cysts (Ovarian Cyst)

Experts

1.	Selo-Ojeme, D O: 4 articles (02/2007 - 09/2001)
2.	Chakhtoura, Nahida: 4 articles (02/2007 - 10/2005)
3.	Takacs, Peter: 4 articles (05/2006 - 09/2004)
4.	Barnhart, Kurt T: 3 articles (03/2007 - 02/2005)
5.	Sammel, Mary D: 3 articles (02/2007 - 03/2006)
6.	Lipscomb, Gary H: 3 articles (06/2005 - 06/2002)
7.	Takacs, P: 3 articles (06/2005 - 03/2004)
8.	Meyer, Norman L: 3 articles (06/2005 - 06/2002)
9.	Candiani, Massimo: 3 articles (11/2004 - 01/2002)
10.	Busacca, Mauro: 3 articles (11/2004 - 01/2002)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Ectopic Pregnancy:

1.	Methotrexate (Mexate)FDA LinkGeneric 11/01/1999 - "OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of a predictive score for the systemic treatment of unruptured ectopic pregnancy with a single dose of methotrexate in order to select the best cases for the medical treatment" 04/01/2004 - "CONCLUSIONS: Systemic methotrexate treatment is safety and effective in the treatment of unruptured ectopic pregnancy, for woman with future desire of fertility and if it has unruptured, conservative treatment using methotrexate is an excellent choice." 07/01/2006 - "We report the cases of 2 adolescents with ectopic pregnancies who were treated successfully with methotrexate." 01/01/2002 - "The authors present 5 cases of ectopic pregnancy, treated successfully with Methotrexate" 02/01/2001 - "CONCLUSION: This economic evaluation shows that treating suitable women with an ectopic pregnancy using systemic methotrexate therapy results in a significant reduction in direct costs" Order ALL the reference details at left...
2.	Chorionic Gonadotropin (Human Chorionic Gonadotropin)FDA LinkGeneric 10/01/2008 - "The introduction of highly sensitive methods, such as transvaginal sonography and measurement of serum b-human chorionic gonadotropin, has dramatically improved ectopic pregnancy diagnosis in recent years" 04/01/1982 - "Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis of the relative efficacy of single and serial chorionic gonadotropin determinations in the early diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy." 04/01/1994 - "Serum human chorionic gonadotropin dynamics during spontaneous resolution of ectopic pregnancy." 06/01/1992 - "Today ectopic pregnancies can be recognized before the appearance of dramatic symptoms, mainly because of improved diagnostic methods, eg, endovaginal sonography and serial human chorionic gonadotropin determinations" 03/01/1988 - "Improved methods for detecting ectopic pregnancy, including pelvic ultrasound and radioimmunoassay of the beta subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin, have increased the physician's ability to make an early and specific diagnosis" Order ALL the reference details at left...
3.	Progesterone FDA LinkGeneric 05/01/2008 - "The study showed that a protocol combining single serum progesterone measurement and beta hCG is helpful in managing women with suspected ectopic pregnancies, when the ultrasound examination is inconclusive" 05/01/1992 - "Improved sensitivity and specificity of a single measurement of serum progesterone over serial quantitative beta-human chorionic gonadotrophin in screening for ectopic pregnancy." 11/01/2002 - "The objective of this study was to evaluate a progesterone cutpoint of 5.0 ng/mL ability to identify abnormal pregnancy (abnormal intrauterine pregnancy and ectopic pregnancy) as well as ectopic pregnancy alone in 2 subclasses of indeterminate ultrasounds" 08/01/2000 - "STUDY OBJECTIVE: This study was conducted to prospectively measure the accuracy of serum progesterone levels to detect ectopic pregnancy" 11/01/1998 - "To assess the accuracy of a single serum progesterone measurement in the diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy, a meta-analysis was performed incorporating 26 studies evaluating the performance of single serum progesterone measurement in the diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy" Order ALL the reference details at left...
4.	CopperIBA 12/01/1996 - "The copper device has a significant deleterious effect on sperm and their motility and confers protection against ectopic pregnancy" 08/01/1991 - "For users of devices with 350 mm2 or more of copper, ectopic pregnancy rates were one-tenth those of non-contraceptors" 11/18/1988 - "The increased risk of ectopic pregnancy appears to be lower with copper-containing devices than with the Progestasert" 02/01/1979 - "The cumulative 4-year probability of having an ectopic pregnancy while using the Copper T was 4 per 1000 women" 12/01/1976 - "In addition, the data suggest, but do not prove, that there is an increased risk of having an ectopic pregnancy if the woman has worn the Copper T for more than two years" Order ALL the reference details at left...
5.	Mifepristone (RU 486)FDA Link 04/01/1999 - "CONCLUSION: Mifepristone is safe and effective to treat ectopic pregnancy." 09/01/1991 - "RU-486 has been used to manage ectopic pregnancy in preliminary studies" 05/15/2006 - "Use of mifepristone for treatment of ectopic pregnancy." 10/01/2001 - "RESULTS: A total of 89 cases was excluded from full analysis of outcome because either they aborted after mifepristone alone (n = 2), had an ectopic pregnancy (n = 1), or because the outcome was uncertain as they failed to attend their follow-up appointment (n = 86)" 04/01/1999 - "OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of mifepristone in treating ectopic pregnancy" Order ALL the reference details at left...
6.	Glucose (Dextrose)FDA LinkGeneric 02/01/2006 - "CONCLUSION: Local injection of 50% glucose after aspiration of the tubal gestational sac fluid under transvaginal ultrasonographic guidance proved effective in resolving the ectopic pregnancy without adversely affecting the concurrent intrauterine pregnancy" 09/01/1995 - "Local injection of hyperosmolar glucose guided by transvaginal ultrasound by one skilled investigator is an effective treatment for ectopic pregnancy" 02/01/1995 - "OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of hyperosmolar glucose injection in select unruptured tubal gestations with hCG levels less than 2500 mIU/mL. METHODS: In this prospective series, 16 patients with an hCG titer less than 2500 mIU/mL and an unruptured ectopic pregnancy were treated by tubal injection with hyperosmolar (50%) glucose" 09/01/1995 - "To study local treatment of ectopic pregnancy by injection of hyperosmolar (50%) glucose, guided either by transvaginal ultrasound or by laparoscopy" 09/01/1995 - "Treatment of ectopic pregnancy by local injection of hypertonic glucose: a randomized trial comparing administration guided by transvaginal ultrasound or laparoscopy." Order ALL the reference details at left...
7.	Levonorgestrel (Plan B)FDA LinkGeneric 08/01/1991 - "Beneficial effects associated with Norplant use include protection against unwanted pregnancy and ectopic pregnancy" 01/01/1998 - "Preliminary findings of the Post-Marketing Surveillance study of Norplant, a 5-year prospective study conducted in 32 family planning clinics in 8 developing countries in 1987-97, indicate an intrauterine pregnancy rate of 0.23/100 woman-years, an ectopic pregnancy rate of 0.03/100 woman-years, and a 67.3% continuation rate at 5 years" 04/01/1986 - "The two ectopic pregnancies are the only ones reported for Norplant users in The Population Council studies" 10/01/2006 - "Primary ovarian pregnancy with a levonorgestrel intrauterine system." 03/01/2006 - "Mirena and ectopic pregnancy -- a diagnostic challenge." Order ALL the reference details at left...
8.	Oral ContraceptivesIBA 08/01/1982 - "Various authors have reported an excess number of ectopic pregnancies among the unplanned pregnancies occurring to women using progestin only oral contraceptives with estimates ranging from a 2-5 fold increase" 07/10/1991 - "It is likely that postpartum sterilization can be a safe alternative to all types of temporary contraception in terms of risk of ectopic pregnancy, while some types of interval sterilization may lead to an increased risk, in comparison with use of oral contraceptives or barrier methods." 09/01/1982 - "Oral contraceptives are associated with a much lower ectopic pregnancy for most than any other contraceptive method or no contraception" 11/01/2002 - "The proportion of ectopic pregnancies among all pregnancies ranged from 1:2 to 1:21 for intrauterine devices, tubal ligations, progestin-only implants and progestin-only oral contraceptives" 05/01/1993 - "In comparison with users of oral contraceptives, barrier methods, and tubal sterilization, IUD use increased the risk of ectopic pregnancy (relative risk [RR] = 3.8, 3.6, and 1.6, respectively)" Order ALL the reference details at left...
9.	Estradiol (Estrace)FDA LinkGeneric 09/01/1999 - "The fall in oestradiol concentrations was seen in ectopic pregnancies with an abnormal DT for HCG and in all abortions" 09/01/1999 - "Results showed that oestradiol concentrations were apparently reduced in both ectopic pregnancies and abortions compared with normal pregnancies" 08/01/1996 - "Serum estradiol in the differential diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy." 12/01/1990 - "However, we have been unable to find any reports on the potential application of serum estradiol (E2) assays in the diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy" 12/01/1990 - "Serum estradiol as an aid in the diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy." Order ALL the reference details at left...
10.	Biological Markers (Surrogate Marker)IBA 02/15/2000 - "Greater awareness of risk factors and improved technology (biochemical markers and ultrasonography) allow ectopic pregnancy to be identified before the development of life-threatening events" 12/01/2001 - "STUDY OBJECTIVE: Serum markers of smooth muscle destruction have been shown to be elevated in ectopic pregnancy, but they remain of questionable clinical utility" 08/01/2000 - "STUDY OBJECTIVE: Previous studies have suggested that serum markers of smooth muscle destruction have utility in predicting ectopic pregnancy" 06/01/2004 - "To address this issue, we initiated a project to identify serum markers of ectopic pregnancy" 06/01/2000 - "In the group of women with beta-hCG <2500 mIU/ml, the only biochemical marker found to be significantly associated with ectopic pregnancy was CPK" Order ALL the reference details at left...

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Intrauterine Devices (Intrauterine Device) 01/01/1976 - "III. In terms of the relation of ectopic pregnancy to intrauterine devices, the most authoritative statement than can be found is that of Lehfeldt, who states that the IUD is 99.5 percent effective in preventing intrauterine pregnancy, 95 percent effective in preventing tubal ectopic gestation, and is ineffective against ovarian implantation" 01/01/2008 - "However, IUDs are more effective in protecting from intrauterine rather than ectopic pregnancy" 11/01/2003 - "None of the patients were known to have used an intrauterine contraceptive device, which have been suggested as the cause of ovarian pregnancies in several studies" 05/01/1997 - "This study analyzes occurrence of ectopic pregnancies in women using intrauterine contraceptive devices" 12/01/1996 - "2. Frameless and flexibility explain the absence of side-effects and adverse events caused by dimensional incompatibility between the frame of conventional IUDs and the uterine cavity and may also explain the absence of PID and ectopic pregnancies in any of the clinical studies" Order ALL the reference details at left...
2.	Laparotomy 11/01/2003 - "CONCLUSIONS: Surgery by minilaparotomy technique in ectopic pregnancy cases appears to be a safe and feasible method and is superior to conventional laparotomy as there are minimum perioperative and postoperative complications and patients can be discharged early from the hospital without the need of expensive equipment." 12/01/1992 - "The present data demonstrates that operative laparoscopy is not only safe and effective, but also more economical than open laparotomy in the treatment of ectopic pregnancies" 01/01/1988 - "Pelvic ultrasound helped establish the diagnosis of an ovarian pregnancy (OP), but diagnosis was confirmed using a laparotomy" 07/01/2008 - "OBJECTIVES: To study the surgical morbidity associated with laparoscopic management of tubal ectopic pregnancy compared with that of open laparotomy" 05/01/2008 - "CONCLUSION: Our study demonstrates that with highly skilled anaesthetic and surgical teams, operative laparoscopy with its recognized advantages over laparotomy and is feasible in women with ruptured ectopic pregnancy and significant haemoperitoneum." Order ALL the reference details at left...
3.	Contraception (Birth Control) 04/01/1977 - "The reported efficacy of various contraceptive methods has such a wide range that we have not attempted to calculate the likelihood that a woman may experience an ectopic pregnancy within a particular time period while using a specific method" 11/01/2002 - "OBJECTIVE: To alert clinicians to the risk of ectopic pregnancy when certain contraceptive methods fail by summarizing data from trials reviewed by the U.S" 10/01/1990 - "Studies of the association of ectopic pregnancy with contraception have generated a conflicting array of results because of methodological differences between studies" 05/01/1989 - "There were no ectopic pregnancies or contraception failures among women in this study" 09/06/1984 - "This study analyzed reproductive deaths (all deaths from pregnancy-related causes, including abortion and ectopic pregnancy, as well as from causes related to contraception) among women 15-44 years of age in the state of Massachusetts in 1981" Order ALL the reference details at left...
4.	Salpingostomy 09/01/1987 - "We conclude that linear salpingostomy for isthmic ectopic pregnancies is as effective as segmental tubal resection with primary microsurgical reanastomosis in achieving tubal patency." 01/01/2008 - "The ESEP study: salpingostomy versus salpingectomy for tubal ectopic pregnancy; the impact on future fertility: a randomised controlled trial." 06/01/2002 - "This is a descriptive study which reviewed the regression pattern of serum beta hCG in Thai women with ectopic pregnancy after laparoscopic salpingostomy" 01/01/2000 - "Meta-analysis of studies investigating the role of magnification for adhesiolysis and for salpingostomy revealed a statistically significant increase in pregnancy rates and reduction in ectopic pregnancy rates for microsurgery versus macrosurgery for both procedures" 01/01/1997 - "METHODS: Women who underwent linear salpingostomy for treatment of unruptured ectopic pregnancy and who agreed to participate in the study (n = 129) were randomly assigned to the prophylaxis or control group" Order ALL the reference details at left...
5.	Tubal Sterilization (Tubal Ligation) 01/01/2001 - "The purpose of this report is to compare the echogenicity of the tubal ring of an ectopic pregnancy and the corpus luteum with that of the ovary for improved detection of early ectopic pregnancy" 04/01/1983 - "Intrauterine pregnancies and ectopic pregnancies are 2 concerns regarding the efficacy of tubal sterilization" 01/01/2004 - "This study compared the utility of various sonographic features in differentiating between the tubal ring of ectopic pregnancy and the corpus luteum" 06/01/1997 - "OBJECTIVE: To study the correlation between microsurgical tubal reversal after tubal sterilization and ectopic pregnancy" 03/13/1997 - "In a study reported in this issue of "The New England Journal of Medicine," the 10-year cumulative rate of ectopic pregnancy after tubal sterilization was 7.3/1000 procedures" Order ALL the reference details at left...

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