Pre-Eclampsia (Preeclampsia)

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6396 relevant articles (184 outcomes, 1151 trials/studies) found for this Disease

Description: A complication of PREGNANCY, characterized by a complex of symptoms including maternal HYPERTENSION and PROTEINURIA with or without pathological EDEMA. Symptoms may range between mild and severe. Pre-eclampsia usually occurs after the 20th week of gestation, but may develop before this time in the presence of trophoblastic disease.

Also Known As:

Preeclampsia; Pregnancy Toxemia; EPH Complex; EPH Gestosis; EPH Toxemias; Edema-Proteinuria-Hypertension Gestosis; Gestosis, EPH; Hypertension-Edema-Proteinuria Gestosis; Pregnancy Toxemias; Proteinuria-Edema-Hypertension Gestosis; EPH Toxemia; Edema Proteinuria Hypertension Gestosis; Gestosis, Edema-Proteinuria-Hypertension; Gestosis, Hypertension-Edema-Proteinuria; Gestosis, Proteinuria-Edema-Hypertension; Hypertension Edema Proteinuria Gestosis; Pre Eclampsia; Proteinuria Edema Hypertension Gestosis; Toxemia, EPH; Toxemia, Pregnancy; Toxemias, EPH; Toxemias, Pregnancy

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Female Urogenital Diseases and Pregnancy Complications

Pregnancy Complications: 515

Pregnancy-Induced Hypertension: 1314

Pre-Eclampsia: 6396

Related Diseases

1.	Hypertension (High Blood Pressure)
2.	Eclampsia
3.	Pregnancy-Induced Hypertension (Hypertension, Pregnancy Induced)
4.	Fetal Growth Retardation (Intrauterine Growth Retardation)
5.	HELLP Syndrome

Experts

1.	Romero, Roberto: 20 articles (07/2008 - 10/2002)
2.	Roberts, James M: 13 articles (09/2008 - 02/2003)
3.	Espinoza, Jimmy: 13 articles (07/2008 - 06/2004)
4.	Duley, L: 13 articles (01/2008 - 01/2000)
5.	Holzgreve, Wolfgang: 13 articles (01/2007 - 01/2002)
6.	Moodley, J: 12 articles (02/2007 - 01/2000)
7.	Hahn, Sinuhe: 12 articles (12/2006 - 01/2002)
8.	Kusanovic, Juan Pedro: 11 articles (07/2008 - 01/2007)
9.	Karumanchi, S Ananth: 11 articles (04/2008 - 03/2003)
10.	Heinonen, Seppo: 11 articles (09/2006 - 05/2002)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Pre-Eclampsia:

1.	Aspirin (Acetylsalicylic Acid)FDA LinkGeneric 11/01/1995 - "Taking into account evidence from large randomised controlled trials, the place of low-dose aspirin in pregnancy appears to be limited, although it may be beneficial for women at high risk of early onset pre-eclampsia; for them, evidence suggesting that it is not harmful is important." 02/01/1996 - "Aspirin treatment compared with untreated control groups led to a significant reduction of preeclampsia in 5 small-scale studies" 10/01/2005 - "Therefore, low-dose aspirin is mildly beneficial in terms of reducing the incidence of preeclampsia in women at high risk of developing preeclampsia." 01/15/2005 - "Early treatment with low-dose aspirin is effective for the prevention of preeclampsia and related complications in high-risk patients selected by the analysis of their historic risk factors." 11/01/2001 - "CONCLUSION: Uterine artery Doppler assessment identifies high-risk women in whom aspirin therapy results in a significant reduction in preeclampsia." Order ALL the reference details at left...
2.	CalciumIBA 08/18/1999 - "CONCLUSIONS: Further studies are needed to establish the efficacy of calcium for preeclampsia prevention in healthy high-risk populations" 07/01/2001 - "CONCLUSION: Calcium supplementation is beneficial for preventing pre-eclampsia among Iranian women at high risk of developing pre-eclampsia." 05/01/1991 - "Intracellular calcium was significantly greater in patients with pre-eclampsia, than the ones in the control group (142 +/- 5.6 vs 110 +/- 14 p less than 0.0001)" 08/01/1997 - "OBJECTIVE: To determine whether increased calcium intake (2 g/day) in pregnancy is effective in reducing the risk of preeclampsia in pregnant teenagers" 01/01/2006 - "Calcium supplementation may reduce the risk of pre-eclampsia through a number of mechanisms, and may help to prevent preterm labour" Order ALL the reference details at left...
3.	Magnesium Sulfate (Sulfate, Magnesium)FDA LinkGeneric 07/01/2005 - "STUDY DESIGN: This was a retrospective chart review of women who were admitted to BC Women's Hospital and Health Centre (1997-2001) and were given intravenous magnesium sulfate for preeclampsia" 06/01/2005 - "OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to assess the use of the onset of diuresis in the determination of the duration of postpartum magnesium sulfate therapy among patients with severe preeclampsia" 06/01/2005 - "A prospective randomized trial of magnesium sulfate in severe preeclampsia: use of diuresis as a clinical parameter to determine the duration of postpartum therapy." 06/01/2005 - "Magnesium sulfate prophylaxis in preeclampsia: evidence from randomized trials." 02/01/2005 - "There are 4 large randomized trials comparing magnesium sulfate with no treatment or placebo in patients with severe preeclampsia" Order ALL the reference details at left...
4.	MagnesiumIBA 03/01/2007 - "The Magpie Trial: a randomised trial comparing magnesium sulphate with placebo for pre-eclampsia" 03/01/2007 - "DESIGN: Assessment at 2-3 years after delivery for women recruited to the Magpie Trial (recruitment in 1998-2001, ISRCTN 86938761), which compared magnesium sulphate with placebo for pre-eclampsia" 03/01/2007 - "OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess long-term effects for women following the use of magnesium sulphate for pre-eclampsia" 03/01/2007 - "The Magpie Trial: a randomised trial comparing magnesium sulphate with placebo for pre-eclampsia" 10/01/2006 - "METHODS: The study group comprised seven singleton neonates of women with pre-eclampsia at term and treated with magnesium sulphate" Order ALL the reference details at left...
5.	Nifedipine (Adalat)FDA LinkGeneric 05/01/2008 - "Efficacy of nitroglycerine infusion versus sublingual nifedipine in severe pre-eclampsia: a randomized, triple-blind, controlled trial." 01/01/1993 - "Preliminary results indicated that Nifedipine decreased blood pressure and improved kidney functions without affecting the umbilical artery blood flow in cases of pre-eclampsia." 05/01/2008 - "In the present study, i.v. nitroglycerine or sublingual nifedipine were administered to 32 women with severe pre-eclampsia who were being managed with controlled plasma volume expansion and MgSO(4) loading and maintenance doses" 10/01/1992 - "OBJECTIVE: The objective of our study was to test the hypothesis that treatment with nifedipine for mild preeclampsia remote from term reduces the number of days of maternal hospitalization and improves pregnancy outcome" 01/01/2006 - "Nifedipine significantly (p < 0.05) decreased the mean systolic pressure in all patients (from 146 to 135 mmHg): 8 patients developed pre-eclampsia (PE) complicated by fetal growth restriction (FGR) (PE group), whilst the remaining were only affected by PIH (PIH group)" Order ALL the reference details at left...
6.	KetanserinIBA 04/01/1996 - "Ketanserin, a 5-HT(2) receptor blocker, has been used successfully to treat preeclampsia" 09/01/2006 - "Insufficient efficacy of intravenous ketanserin in severe early-onset pre-eclampsia." 08/01/2004 - "The aim of this prospective, observational study was to assess transplacental transmission of ketanserin, an antihypertensive drug used in pre-eclampsia, and to determine disposition and effects in the neonate after maternal ketanserin use" 09/01/2000 - "Several studies confirmed that intravenous ketanserin decreases blood pressure significantly in patients with severe preeclampsia" 10/01/2005 - "Ketanserin is an antihypertensive drug that is increasingly being used parenterally in the treatment of pre-eclampsia" Order ALL the reference details at left...
7.	inhibin AIBA 06/01/2001 - "The improvement in sensitivity for the combined method, compared to either inhibin-A or uterine artery Dopplers alone, was statistically significant for both pre-eclampsia ( P < 0.05) and preterm pre-eclampsia ( P < 0.02)" 06/01/2001 - "OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the screening efficacy of second-trimester maternal serum inhibin-A combined with uterine artery Doppler studies performed at 20 weeks' gestation for the prediction of pre-eclampsia" 06/01/2001 - "CONCLUSION: Combination of second-trimester serum inhibin-A and uterine artery Doppler at 20 weeks improves the screening efficacy for the prediction of pre-eclampsia especially when this necessitates early delivery" 06/01/2001 - "For pre-eclampsia requiring delivery before 37 weeks for a false-positive rate of 3%, the sensitivity for bilateral notches improved from 27% to 60% and the positive likelihood ratio improved from 9.2 to 20.8 when uterine artery notch data was combined with inhibin-A" 06/01/2001 - "Improved early prediction of pre-eclampsia by combining second-trimester maternal serum inhibin-A and uterine artery Doppler." Order ALL the reference details at left...
8.	Serotonin (5 Hydroxytryptamine)IBA 08/01/1993 - "We suggest that the measurement of serotonin in PPP might be helpful in study of the role of serotonin in the development of preeclampsia." 08/01/1996 - "This study describes the changes in 5-HT metabolism in patients with preeclampsia" 02/01/1995 - "The purpose of this study was to determine whether elevated plasma-free-serotonin (5-HT) levels in preeclampsia could evoke abnormal vasoconstriction in the umbilical artery (UmA)" 01/01/1962 - "Trial with the intradermal reactions with serotonin in 100 pregnancy toxemia patients.]" 10/01/2007 - "Pregnant women with preeclampsia have increased serotonin levels, suggesting a possible role of this amine in abnormal pregnancy" Order ALL the reference details at left...
9.	Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (Tumor Necrosis Factor)IBA 03/01/2004 - "The increase in TNF-alpha in the pre-eclampsia group was significantly greater than in normal pregnant controls (p < 0.001)" 05/01/2002 - "CONCLUSIONS: The T allele of the TNF-alpha gene may modify individual preeclampsia risk, being protective against the development of the complication." 01/10/2002 - "CONCLUSION: This study shows that plasma TNF-alpha levels are not useful as a specific marker for prediction of preeclampsia in the first and second trimesters" 11/01/2001 - "The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that TNF-alpha, TNFp55 receptor and sICAM-1 are markers of immune activation, protective response to concentrations of TNF-alpha and endothelial cell activation, respectively, in pre-eclampsia" 09/01/2001 - "A multicenter prospective clinical study was designed with the purpose of measure tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha) and tumor necrosis factor alpha-receptors p55 and p75 (sTNF alpha-p55 and sTNF alpha-p75) in normal pregnancy and preeclampsia (PE)" Order ALL the reference details at left...
10.	Arginine (L-Arginine)FDA Link 10/01/2004 - "L-arginine is reduced in preeclampsia and recent experimental studies indicate that L-arginine supplementation may be beneficial in attenuating the symptoms of preeclampsia" 07/01/1999 - "RESULTS: L-Arginine infusion was associated with a significant reduction of blood pressure in both groups, the decrease being greater in the women with preeclampsia" 04/01/2006 - "In this study, we measured L-arginine and ADMA in normal and preeclamptic women, and also investigated the association between the Glu298Asp eNOS gene polymorphism and preeclampsia" 01/01/2005 - "We investigated the influence of dietary supplementation with l-arginine on blood pressure and biochemical measures of NO production in women with preeclampsia in prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled study" 07/01/1999 - "OBJECTIVE: This study investigates the biochemical and cardiovascular effects of L-arginine administration in normotensive pregnant women and women with preeclampsia" Order ALL the reference details at left...

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Cesarean Section (Caesarean Section) 09/01/1980 - "After caesarean section, the preeclampsia improved, and complete return of visual acuity occurred during a three-day period" 05/01/2003 - "After normalization, sensitivity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of PI for small-for-gestational age infants and Cesarean section due to non-reassuring fetal status were improved in cases with pre-eclampsia and PIH" 07/01/1999 - "Epidural blocks have an added advantage of being helpful in complicated labours like breech presentations, multiple pregnancies, pre-eclampsia, in situations where caesarean section is anticipated and in manual removal of the placenta." 05/01/2007 - "STUDY DESIGN: Central portions of placenta were obtained from 9 severe preeclampsia women and 11 gestational-age-matched normal pregnant women delivered between the gestational ages of 33 and 40 weeks following elective or emergency cesarean section" 10/01/2003 - "Previous indications that cesarean section and preeclampsia are associated with type 1 diabetes were not supported by this large study" Order ALL the reference details at left...
2.	Epidural Analgesia 10/01/1983 - "The study indicates that continuous epidural analgesia is a useful form of therapy in the management of normal labour in women with pre-eclampsia." 08/01/2005 - "One hundred pre-eclamptic nullipara who were given epidural analgesia (group I) were compared with 100 nullipara with pre-eclampsia who were not given epidural analgesia (group II)" 08/01/2005 - "AIM: To assess the safety of labor epidural analgesia in subjects with pre-eclampsia" 08/01/2005 - "Labor epidural analgesia in pre-eclampsia: a prospective study." 01/01/2004 - "This article highlights the advantages and disadvantages of regional anaesthetic techniques including epidural, spinal and combined spinal-epidural analgesia, used as a part of the management of pre-eclampsia" Order ALL the reference details at left...
3.	Prenatal Care 04/01/1987 - "To examine the timing of onset of this decline and to study early behavior of blood pressure in pregnancies complicated by preeclampsia, we reviewed the outpatient charts of all patients with preeclampsia who received prenatal care at our clinics during the past 3 years" 06/01/2006 - "METHODS: A nested case-control study was carried out on 96 women with pre-eclampsia and 5 controls for each case from among the women attending three hospitals in London for their prenatal care" 12/15/2004 - "Access to prenatal care, early detection of the disorder, careful monitoring, and appropriate management are crucial elements in the prevention of preeclampsia-related deaths." 12/01/2004 - "If future research supports the idea that exercise effectively protects against preeclampsia, this would provide a low-cost intervention that could dramatically improve prenatal care for women at risk of this disease." 01/01/2003 - "CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that the presence of the Glu298Asp eNOS gene is not a marker for the increased risk of preeclampsia in a population where the level of prenatal care is such that preeclampsia is still frequently seen." Order ALL the reference details at left...
4.	Curettage 01/01/2006 - "RESULTS: In our study we have observed that uterine curettage performed in the postpartum period had favorable effects on blood pressure, platelet count, and urinary output and also helped in faster recovery from severe preeclampsia" 01/01/2006 - "We, therefore, consider that postpartum uterine curettage is useful for patients with severe preeclampsia that require faster recovery." 03/01/1999 - "OBJECTIVES: Accelerated recovery from preeclampsia has been reported after postpartum curettage" 07/01/1993 - "Immediate postpartum curettage: accelerated recovery from severe preeclampsia." 04/01/1993 - "CONCLUSION: Immediate puerperal uterine curettage of the parturient with severe preeclampsia appears to accelerate disease recovery with no apparent adverse sequelae." Order ALL the reference details at left...
5.	Contraception (Birth Control) 01/01/2004 - "In unadjusted analyses, a prolonged time to conception was associated with preeclampsia (OR 1.9), however, after adjustment, the association was less prominent (OR 1.6) and after stratification by contraception method, the link between time to conception and preeclampsia was eliminated" 08/01/2000 - "Further immunological studies are necessary to determine the role of contraception methods and preeclampsia." 05/01/2003 - "CONCLUSION: Fewer than 4 months of cohabitation among users of barrier methods for contraception is associated with a significantly increased risk for preeclampsia." 05/01/2003 - "Women with a short period of cohabitation (<4 months) who used barrier methods for contraception had a substantially elevated risk for development of preeclampsia compared with women with more than 12 months of cohabitation before conception (odds ratio 17.1, P =.004)" 01/02/1991 - "Recent investigations have suggested that women who use barrier methods of contraception may be at increased risk for preeclampsia" Order ALL the reference details at left...

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