Postphlebitic Syndrome

A condition characterized by a chronically swollen limb, often a leg with stasis dermatitis and ulcerations. This syndrome can appear soon after phlebitis or years later. Postphlebitic syndrome is the result of damaged or incompetent venous valves in the limbs. Distended, tortuous VARICOSE VEINS are usually present. Leg pain may occur after long period of standing.

Also Known As:

Networked: 74 relevant articles (6 outcomes, 6 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Venous Thrombosis (Deep-Vein Thrombosis)
2.	Thrombosis (Thrombus)
3.	Ischemia
4.	Edema (Dropsy)
5.	Venous Insufficiency

Experts

1.	Brown, Gregory A: 1 article (07/2013)
2.	Schousboe, John T: 1 article (07/2013)
3.	Davies, Alun H: 1 article (01/2013)
4.	Gohel, Manjit S: 1 article (01/2013)
5.	Moore, Hayley M: 1 article (01/2013)
6.	Soosainathan, Arany: 1 article (01/2013)
7.	Biuckians, Andre: 1 article (09/2007)
8.	Meier, George H: 1 article (09/2007)
9.	Acedo Sánchez, Jesús Domingo: 1 article (05/2007)
10.	Batlle, Jaime Feliu: 1 article (05/2007)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Postphlebitic Syndrome:

1.	Heparin (Liquaemin)FDA LinkGeneric 06/01/1995 - "Long-term follow-up could be helpful in determining the relative effect of different heparin preparations on the frequency of postphlebitic syndrome. " 07/01/1988 - "Antithrombotic treatment during acute inflammatory complications of patients affected by postphlebitic syndrome: LMW-heparin versus standard heparin." 10/01/1984 - "[The value of heparin in postphlebitic syndromes]." 12/01/1989 - "Unlike heparin, thrombolytic agents can also lyse clot in peripheral deep veins and possibly lessen the tendency toward postphlebitic syndrome. " 12/01/1989 - "Because preservation of the valvular function of deep veins can play an important role in preventing the postphlebitic syndrome we analysed and compared the long-term functional outcome of two equally large cohorts of patients treated either surgically for restoration of venous patency and valvular function (24 patients) or medically with heparin, oral anticoagulants and compression stockings (25 patients). "
2.	StreptokinaseFDA Link 11/01/1976 - "At the time of follow-up, 11 of these 18 patients, including 8 who had had prior thrombosis, reported peripheral edema; the postphlebitic syndrome developed in 1. Factors favoring a good outcome of acute venous thrombosis were (1) no prior thrombotic disease, (2) localized thrombosis, and (3) prompt streptokinase therapy." 06/30/1994 - "Published reports indicate that streptokinase plus heparin increases the risk of bleeding, including central nervous system bleeding and death, but decreases the risk of postphlebitic syndrome. " 10/01/1998 - "A meta-analysis showed that, compared with heparin alone, streptokinase therapy for DVT was associated with significantly more frequent thrombolysis and major bleeding; after exclusion of one outlying study, analysis showed that streptokinase therapy was associated less frequently than heparin alone with postthrombotic changes (assessed by phlebographic evaluation) and postphlebitic syndrome."
3.	FibrinIBA 11/01/1992 - "The more precise knowledge of the phenomena connected with the venous stasis at the level of microcirculation (pericapillary fibrin deposition, endothelial ischemia, blocked lymphatic drainage) will not only allow a deeper comprehension of the clinical signs but hopefully will lead to a more effective treatment of the postphlebitic syndrome."
4.	DesminIBA 10/01/1996 - "Desmin is effective in the decompensation stage of postphlebitic syndrome; this was demonstrated by a significant reduction in the severity of a number of typical symptoms as well as by the drug's positive effect on venous tone as confirmed by phlebotensiometric examination. " 10/01/1996 - "Postphlebitic syndrome: clinical activity and tolerability of desmin, new LMW dermatan sulfate."
5.	mesoglycanIBA 06/01/1997 - "The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy and the safety of heparansulphate (100 mg b.i.d.) versus mesoglycan (50 mg b.i.d.), both administered for three months in patients with postphlebitic syndrome. " 01/01/2013 - "A systematic review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines by a search of PubMed (1948 to September 2011) using the search terms "post-thrombotic syndrome," "postthrombotic syndrome," "post-phlebitic syndrome," and "postphlebitic syndrome." A manual reference list search was also carried out to identify further studies that would be appropriate for inclusion. "
6.	Fibrinogen (Factor I)FDA Link 11/01/1984 - "The purpose of this study is to analyze the value of combined strain gauge plethysmography (SPG) and I-125 fibrinogen leg scanning in the differentiation of DVT and postphlebitic syndrome. " 11/01/1984 - "A combined study of the strain gauge plethysmography and I-125 fibrinogen leg scan in the differentiation of deep vein thrombosis and postphlebitic syndrome."
7.	Fibrinolytic Agents (Antithrombotic Agents)IBA 12/01/1991 - "Recently, use of thrombolytic agents with early surgical decompression of the neurovascular compression has markedly reduced morbidity, such as postphlebitic syndrome and the necessity for thrombectomy. " 12/01/1989 - "Unlike heparin, thrombolytic agents can also lyse clot in peripheral deep veins and possibly lessen the tendency toward postphlebitic syndrome. " 07/01/1992 - "Heparin's therapeutic potential in the postphlebitic syndrome as well as in acute treatment of myocardial infarction (primarily and adjunctively with various thrombolytic agents) continues to undergo evaluation; however, early data review shows favorable trends for its inclusion in situations that favor thrombus generation (e.g., anterior myocardial infarction). "
8.	AnticoagulantsIBA 12/01/1989 - "Because preservation of the valvular function of deep veins can play an important role in preventing the postphlebitic syndrome we analysed and compared the long-term functional outcome of two equally large cohorts of patients treated either surgically for restoration of venous patency and valvular function (24 patients) or medically with heparin, oral anticoagulants and compression stockings (25 patients). " 07/01/2001 - "Based on a comprehensive literature search, this report aims to examine the effects of heparin and oral anticoagulants on thrombus propagation and prevention of the postphlebitic syndrome. " 07/01/2001 - "The effects of heparin and oral anticoagulants on thrombus propagation and prevention of the postphlebitic syndrome: a critical review of the literature."
9.	HypoxanthineIBA 12/01/1962 - "[Hypoxanthine-9-d-ribofuranoside (inosine) in the treatment of postphlebitic syndromes]."
10.	Interleukin-6 (Interleukin 6)IBA 03/01/2006 - "IL-6, ESR, and CPR at diagnosis of VTD could be useful to identified patients with higher risks of death and postphlebitic syndrome during the first year after diagnosis."

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Therapeutics 04/01/1996 - "Goal of the therapy is the preservation of valve function and prevention of a postphlebitic syndrome. " 02/01/1990 - "One patient developed rethrombosis that did not respond to therapy with tPA and had mild persisting symptoms of postphlebitic syndrome. " 04/01/1975 - "After a brief description of the aetiopathogenetic aspects of the phlebitic and postphlebitic syndrome, medical and surgical therapies for this syndrome are reviewed. " 07/01/1957 - "Management of postphlebitic syndrome; dynamic pathologic physiology and medical therapy." 04/20/1952 - "[Postphlebitic syndrome; diagnosis, prevention, and therapy]."
2.	Compression Stockings 06/01/2000 - "In the sole randomized study available, daily use of elastic compression stockings after proximal DVT reduced the incidence of postphlebitic syndrome by 50%. " 12/01/1993 - "Circulation to the right leg was restored, but postphlebitic syndrome had remained which was ameliorated by wearing the elastic stocking." 06/01/2000 - "Treatment options for established postphlebitic syndrome are limited, but include compression stockings and intermittent compressive therapy with an extremity pump for severe cases. " 09/24/2001 - "The true incidence of postphlebitic syndrome (PPS) following proximal deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and the efficacy of graduated compression stockings in preventing and treating PPS are unknown. " 10/01/1992 - "Patients with venous hypertension should be placed in compression stockings to prevent the postphlebitic syndrome. "
3.	Thrombolytic Therapy 11/01/1991 - "Because best results are obtained by treatment soon after the onset of symptoms, it follows that the postphlebitic syndrome can be best avoided by prompt thrombolytic therapy of patients with acute DVT. " 11/01/1980 - "Patients who undergo fibrinolytic therapy are spared long-term problems like amputation and the postphlebitic syndrome." 11/01/1989 - "The results of studies assessing the subsequent development of the postphlebitic syndrome are conflicting, but most suggest that thrombolytic therapy can reduce symptoms of chronic venous insufficiency. "
4.	Thrombectomy 05/01/1980 - "3. The thrombectomy is useful for relief of complaints and plays an important role in the prevention of postphlebitic syndrome." 03/01/2003 - "In experienced hands, venous thrombectomy is a safe method to prevent pulmonary embolism and postphlebitic syndrome in women during pregnancy and the puerperium. " 09/01/2007 - "Current advances in endovascular therapy have resulted in various endovascular thrombectomy systems that can effectively remove a large venous thrombus burden, which may represent a potential advantage of preserving venous valvular function and thereby reduce the likelihood of postphlebitic syndrome. " 01/01/1999 - "One patient developed a recurrence of venous iliac thrombosis 1 week after the procedure and postphlebitic syndrome 6 months after the first episode of deep venous thrombosis, and one patient died from acute myocardial infarction, unrelated to thrombectomy session, after 3 days. " 12/01/1991 - "Recently, use of thrombolytic agents with early surgical decompression of the neurovascular compression has markedly reduced morbidity, such as postphlebitic syndrome and the necessity for thrombectomy. "
5.	Ligation 06/01/1989 - "[Selection of the optimal approach to ligation of perforative veins in postphlebitic syndrome based on a mathematical model]." 12/01/1952 - "[The postphlebitic syndrome; treatment by ligation and partial excision of the popliteal vein]." 06/01/1956 - "Postphlebitic syndrome; major vein ligation and/or lumbar sympathectomy." 09/01/1992 - "From January 1987 through December 1989, ten patients with varicose veins complicated by postphlebitic ulcers were treated at Muhimbili Medical Center, Tanzania, by subfascial ligation of perforating veins. " 08/01/1978 - "The posterior stocking seam approach to radical subfascial ligation of perforating veins has been advocated for the patient with postphlebitic syndrome presenting with severe stasis dermatitis, leg edema, and recurrent ulceration. "