Phorbol Esters

10/01/2009 - "Targeted disruption of Stat3 in bulge region KSCs at the time of initiation also dramatically reduced the number of skin tumors (by approximately 80%) produced following promotion with the phorbol ester 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate. "
04/01/2015 - "The objective of this study is to evaluate the components and tumor promoting activity of phorbol esters in Jatropha oil cake-supplemented soil and plants grown in the treated soil. "
12/01/2007 - "Structure activity studies with phorbol ester analogues revealed that the magnitude of activation paralleled tumor-promoting activity. "
04/01/2004 - "The present study deals with the chemopreventive effect of Salix caprea against phorbol ester-induced oxidative stress and tumor promotion in murine skin. "
10/01/2000 - "The structure-activity relationship study of phorbol esters and teleocidines whose tumor promotion is epigenetic, was extensively studied. "

04/01/1990 - "On the other hand, in C57BL/6J mice, which are resistant to promotion by phorbol esters under the usual protocols, the edema response to PMA was totally eliminated by RTX pretreatment during the first 8 h after PMA administration. "
10/15/2019 - "The anti-inflammatory activity of the test compounds was determined with a phorbol ester (TPA)-induced murine ear edema protocol. "
06/28/2019 - "These extracts were assayed for their inhibitory effects on phorbol ester 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) induced edema in mice. "
05/01/2015 - "Among the synthesized compounds, compound 46 exhibited the greatest inhibition of ear edema in a phorbol ester-induced mouse model. "
02/01/2014 - "Local application of compound 2 (225 mM per ear) or 3 (174 mM per ear) inhibited the phorbol ester-induced auricular edema formation by 57 % or 86 %, respectively. "

01/01/2018 - "Therefore, in a further study we applied PG in a penetration-enhancing vehicle and found that it inhibited inflammation induced by the phorbol ester and decreased CD45-positive immune cell infiltration. "
06/01/2009 - "In this study, we assessed the effects of phorbol ester (TPA)-sensitive PKC (c/nPKC) activation on the expression of adipocyte specific genes and inflammation related genes. "
10/14/2023 - "We used the phorbol ester TPA and UVB, alone or in combination, to induce sterile inflammation in mouse skin and assess whether keratinocyte-derived signals impact neutrophil recruitment. "
05/15/2023 - "The phorbol ester (PMA) and LPS were used to induce inflammation in lung airway cells and macrophage activation, respectively. "
09/01/2021 - "The molecular mechanism of action of phorbol esters is through up-regulation of PKC-β II gene, overexpression of down-stream proto-oncogenes resulted in inflammation and oxidative stress ending by apoptotic cell death. "

11/01/1976 - "This system appears to be a sensitive in vitro model for detecting the hyperplasia-inducing effects of phorbol esters and should be used for mechanistic studies and bioassay."
07/01/2012 - "Although the skin of Mgat5(-/-) mice appeared normal, epidermal hyperplasia and proliferation of keratinocytes induced by the phorbol ester 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) were downregulated in these mutants. "
06/15/2004 - "Phorbol-ester-induced hyperplasia of mouse skin is also accompanied by a significant induction of C4.4A expression in the multilayered, suprabasal keratinocytes. "
07/23/1998 - "Phorbol ester-induced hyperplasia resulted in transgene induction and increased cutaneous vascularization in adult transgenic mice of these lines. "
03/01/1993 - "administrations of IFN-alpha, -beta or -gamma (2500 units) to mice being topically promoted with 0.1 or 1 microgram of TPA did not alter the epidermal hyperplasia induced by the phorbol ester. "

01/01/2016 - "Expression of Leu129Gln CysLT2R in melanocytes enforces expression of a melanocyte-lineage signature, drives phorbol ester-independent growth in vitro, and promotes tumorigenesis in vivo. "
12/01/2012 - "Previously, we have shown that skin-specific loss of fak prevents chemically induced skin carcinogenesis in mice following phorbol ester treatment. "
01/01/2008 - "In two-stage skin chemical carcinogenesis, phorbol ester 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) acts as a promoter essential for clonal expansion of the initiated cells carrying the activated ras oncogenes. "
05/01/1992 - "Phorbol esters are chemical compounds which have the ability to promote carcinogenesis in the skin of mice. "
11/01/1991 - "Correlation between tissue growth kinetics and modulation of mouse skin tumorigenesis by phorbol esters."