Phobic Disorders (Phobia)

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876 relevant articles (124 outcomes, 174 trials/studies) found for this Disease

Description: Anxiety disorders in which the essential feature is persistent and irrational fear of a specific object, activity, or situation that the individual feels compelled to avoid. The individual recognizes the fear as excessive or unreasonable.

Also Known As:

Phobia; Phobias; Claustrophobia; Social Phobia; School Phobia; Claustrophobias; Disorder, Phobic; Disorders, Phobic; Phobias, School; Phobias, Social; Phobic Disorder; School Phobias; Social Phobias; Neuroses, Phobic; Phobia, School; Phobia, Social; Phobic Neuroses

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Mental Disorders: 1709

Anxiety Disorders: 2322

Phobic Disorders: 876

Related Diseases

1.	Panic Disorder (Panic Attack)
2.	Anxiety Disorders (Anxiety Disorder)
3.	Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (Disorder, Obsessive-Compulsive)
4.	Post-Traumatic Stress Disorders (PTSD)
5.	Agoraphobia

Experts

1.	Atmaca, Murad: 4 articles (05/2008 - 12/2002)
2.	Fredrikson, Mats: 4 articles (04/2007 - 05/2002)
3.	Långström, Bengt: 4 articles (04/2007 - 05/2002)
4.	Kuloglu, Murat: 3 articles (05/2008 - 12/2002)
5.	Tezcan, Ertan: 3 articles (05/2008 - 12/2002)
6.	Connor, Kathryn M: 3 articles (03/2008 - 10/2004)
7.	Weizman, Abraham: 3 articles (01/2006 - 09/2005)
8.	Marom, Sofi: 3 articles (01/2006 - 09/2005)
9.	Hermesh, Haggai: 3 articles (01/2006 - 09/2005)
10.	Furmark, Tomas: 3 articles (07/2005 - 05/2002)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Phobic Disorders:

1.	Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors (Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors)IBA 02/01/2007 - "OBJECTIVE: Numerous studies have demonstrated the efficacy of serotonergic antidepres-sants, particularly the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), in the treatment of social phobia" 11/01/1996 - "BACKGROUND: Several open trials suggest the efficacy of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) in social phobia" 06/01/1994 - "In this study we investigated the efficacy of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) in social phobia" 12/01/2004 - "BACKGROUND: Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are the current gold standard in the pharmacologic treatment of generalized social phobia" 02/01/2004 - "Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are the gold standard for the pharmacological treatment of generalized social phobia (GSP)" Order ALL the reference details at left...
2.	Paroxetine (Paxil)FDA LinkGeneric 09/01/1998 - "Paroxetine, the most thoroughly studied SSRI, has been shown to be effective in treating the symptoms of generalized social phobia in a large-scale, placebo-controlled trial" 08/01/2003 - "Treatment with paroxetine was associated with a significant improvement in standard social-phobia scores, although most patients remained symptomatic" 10/01/2001 - "Subjects were 14 patients with generalized social phobia who were less than "very much improved" on the Clinical Global Impression scale after at least 10 weeks of treatment with a maximally tolerated dose of paroxetine" 12/01/2002 - "Compared with placebo, paroxetine treatment significantly (P<.001) improved the symptoms of social anxiety as shown on the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale, Social Phobia Inventory, Sheehan Disability Scale, Symptom Checklist-90 score, and EuroQol visual analogue scale, indicating decreased disability and increased well-being" 08/01/1999 - "CONCLUSIONS: Paroxetine is an effective, well-tolerated treatment for patients with social phobia." Order ALL the reference details at left...
3.	Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitor)IBA 06/01/1994 - "Previous studies have shown selective and nonselective monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) to be effective in the treatment of social phobia" 12/01/2002 - "The efficacy of irreversible and reversible monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) in the treatment of social phobia (SP) is well established" 01/01/1999 - "Efficacy in social phobia was reported with the MAOIs and this led to the investigation of reversible inhibitors of monoamine oxidase-A (RIMA) which offer a safer alternative" 04/01/1992 - "Overall, the findings support the responsivity of social phobia to monoamine oxidase inhibitors." 07/01/1984 - "Delineation of anxiety and phobic disorders responsive to monoamine oxidase inhibitors: implications for classification." Order ALL the reference details at left...
4.	BenzodiazepinesIBA 08/01/2004 - "In both the latter disorders, benzodiazepines interfere with exposure and generally are best avoided, although temporary use, with safeguards, can sometimes be helpful for a specific phobia" 11/01/1999 - "Results are discussed in relation to the hypothesis that the absence of an anxiolytic response to benzodiazepines in plus-maze-experienced subjects reflects the acquisition of an open arm phobia during trial 1." 06/01/1994 - "The authors review the results of studies concerning the use of high-potency benzodiazepines in the treatment of social phobia" 10/01/2000 - "Many now regard SSRIs as the drugs of choice in social phobia because of their effectiveness and because they avoid the problems of treatment with benzodiazepines or classical MAOIs." 02/01/1995 - "In almost half the patients seeking advice for anxiety, panic and phobias the cause was alcohol or benzodiazepines" Order ALL the reference details at left...
5.	Moclobemide (Arima)IBA 09/01/1997 - "In this open, prospective, structured, naturalistic study of the efficacy of long-term treatment in social phobia 93 consecutive outpatients suffering from severe generalized or circumscribed social phobia (median Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale score 83) and a high degree of concomitant psychiatric disease were administered treatment with moclobemide (712 +/- 75 mg/day at steady state)" 01/01/1999 - "The efficacy of moclobemide has been shown in social phobia and the effect is more clear cut in patients with more severe symptoms" 01/01/1994 - "Moclobemide was effective in both major components of social phobia (fear and avoidance)" 06/01/1996 - "The efficacy of moclobemide in social phobia has been demonstrated in short-term treatment for up to 12 weeks in three placebo-controlled studies" 09/01/1996 - "Data are also available to show clinical efficacy of moclobemide in the management of social phobia" Order ALL the reference details at left...
6.	Fluoxetine (Prozac)FDA LinkGeneric 08/01/2004 - "Cognitive therapy is more effective than fluoxetine in people with generalised social phobia." 01/01/1993 - "CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that fluoxetine may be effective in the treatment of social phobia" 06/01/2002 - "The objective of the study was to examine the efficacy of fluoxetine in social phobia" 12/01/2007 - "OBJECTIVE: To determine the efficacy of fluoxetine, pill placebo, and Social Effectiveness Therapy for Children (SET-C) for children and adolescents with social phobia" 01/01/1993 - "BACKGROUND: To determine the efficacy of fluoxetine in the treatment of social phobia, fluoxetine was administered to 16 patients with a primary DSM-III-R diagnosis of social phobia in a 12-week, open, clinical trial" Order ALL the reference details at left...
7.	Fluvoxamine (Luvox)FDA LinkGeneric 11/01/1999 - "Randomized clinical trials are needed to further demonstrate the efficacy of fluvoxamine in the treatment of social phobia." 11/01/1999 - "An open label trial of fluvoxamine was conducted to evaluate its efficacy and safety in the treatment of social phobia (DSM-III-R) and to assess physiological changes that may accompany treatment" 06/01/1994 - "Psychopharmacological treatment of social phobia; a double blind placebo controlled study with fluvoxamine." 11/01/1999 - "Evaluation of the efficacy, safety and physiological effects of fluvoxamine in social phobia." 09/01/1999 - "This case report describes the successful treatment of phobia of storms with fluvoxamine in an 11-year-old boy" Order ALL the reference details at left...
8.	Phenelzine (Nardil)FDA Link 11/01/1992 - "Four (80%) of 5 patients with comorbid generalized social phobia receiving phenelzine had marked improvement of OCD symptoms" 01/01/2003 - "Phenelzine is effective in social phobia, and no treatment has been shown to be superior to phenelzine" 01/01/2003 - "Phenelzine appears to be effective in treating social phobia that has been unresponsive to other treatments" 10/01/1999 - "Cognitive behavioral group therapy and phenelzine both effective in social phobia." 01/01/1990 - "Phenelzine appeared to be a particularly effective treatment for the generalized form of social phobia" Order ALL the reference details at left...
9.	Citalopram (Escitalopram)FDA LinkGeneric 04/01/1998 - "However, the efficacy of citalopram, the most selective of the SSRIs, in social phobia has not been well documented" 01/01/1996 - "Our very preliminary results suggest that citalopram may be effective in school phobia related to PD" 04/01/1998 - "CONCLUSIONS: Citalopram appears to be effective in the treatment of social phobia" 03/01/2008 - "Escitalopram may hold promise as a treatment for specific phobia and larger randomized controlled trials are needed." 03/01/2008 - "Escitalopram in specific phobia: results of a placebo-controlled pilot trial." Order ALL the reference details at left...
10.	Buspirone (Buspar)FDA LinkGeneric 04/01/1997 - "BACKGROUND: The results of open pilot studies suggest that the serotonin-1A (5-HT1A) receptor agonist buspirone might be effective in social phobia" 04/01/1997 - "METHOD: In the present study, the efficacy of buspirone was investigated in patients with social phobia using a 12-week double-blind placebo-controlled design" 04/01/1997 - "CONCLUSION: The results of the study do not support the results of open studies, in which a reduction of social anxiety and social avoidance was reported in patients with social phobia treated with buspirone." 04/01/1997 - "Clinical effects of buspirone in social phobia: a double-blind placebo-controlled study." 08/01/1993 - "The results suggest that buspirone may have modest efficacy in the treatment of social phobia, but confirmation in a placebo-controlled trial is required." Order ALL the reference details at left...

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy) 03/01/1986 - "His phobia was treated successfully with pharmacotherapy, behavior therapy, and psychotherapy" 07/01/2004 - "The article presents main therapeutic methods--psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy applied to children with phobia and difficulties with estimating efficacy of the particular therapy in this group of patients" 09/01/1999 - "Pharmacotherapy is generally not considered to be effective in specific phobias, and is therefore not used for this indication" 01/01/2001 - "The purposes of this article are to (1) enumerate and describe the varieties of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) that have been applied to the treatment of social phobia, (2) provide a meta-analytic overview of the efficacy of these approaches, (3) examine the relative utility of CBT versus that of pharmacotherapy for social phobia, (4) examine the potential utility of multidisciplinary approaches to treatment, and (5) discuss possible future directions in the development of psychotherapeutic strategies for the treatment of social phobia, including the use of computers as adjunctive tools." 11/01/1999 - "This article provides a review of current pharmacotherapeutic options for social phobia, including a review of the results to date of numerous controlled trials, a description of the recent results of open trials of new and promising agents, and a summary of the information available on the use of pharmacotherapy in the treatment of children and adolescents." Order ALL the reference details at left...
2.	Aftercare (After-Treatment) 07/01/2001 - "CONCLUSIONS: Seventy-five percent of patients improved after treatment independent of the kind of therapy, the occurrence of comorbid disorders and the type of social phobia." 12/01/1995 - "Exposure has fared well as a treatment for social phobia and, in every case, within-group analyses show that patients have improved after treatment" 05/01/1996 - "The purpose of this study was to investigate possible predictors of treatment outcome in specific phobia at 1 week after treatment, and at I year follow-up" 12/01/2008 - "No significant differences were found after treatment between the CCBT and control groups (mean between-groups ES for the social phobia measures=0.38)" 12/01/2008 - "Significant differences were found after treatment between CaCCBT and control groups (mean between-groups effect size (ES) for the social phobia measures=1.04), and between the CaCCBT and CCBT groups (mean between-groups ES for the social phobia measures=0.66)" Order ALL the reference details at left...
3.	Hypnosis (Mesmerism) 01/01/2001 - "Many studies have shown the effectiveness of hypnosis in the treatment of phobias, but no studies have directly compared hypnosis to EMDR" 10/01/1968 - "Hypnosis and desinsitization for Phobias: a controlled prospective trial." 08/01/2007 - "We present a case of severe needle phobia in a 5-year-old boy who learned to utilize a self-hypnosis technique to facilitate intravenous (i.v.) cannula placement" 08/01/2007 - "Brief hypnosis for severe needle phobia using switch-wire imagery in a 5-year old." 01/01/2001 - "Clinical hypnosis and EMDR have both been employed in the treatment of phobias" Order ALL the reference details at left...
4.	Lasers (Laser) 08/01/2002 - "Laser leg vein treatment appears to be most beneficial in patients with telangiectatic matting, needle phobia, or sclerosant allergy." 09/01/2005 - "Laser stimulation, regarded here as a modality of acupuncture, is non-invasive and therefore free of infection risk; and it is acceptable to patients with needle phobia" Order ALL the reference details at left...
5.	Minor Surgical Procedures (Minor Surgery) 01/01/1996 - "As well, the proportions of chronic pain patients indicating definite avoidance of particular situations related to blood/injury phobia (i.e., injection/minor surgery, hospitals, sight of blood, and thoughts of injury/illness) and social phobia (i.e., being watched/stared at, and speaking/acting to an audience) were significantly greater when compared to the patient controls" Order ALL the reference details at left...

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