Paracoccidioidomycosis (South American Blastomycosis)

A mycosis affecting the skin, mucous membranes, lymph nodes, and internal organs. It is caused most often by Paracoccidioides brasiliensis. It is also called paracoccidioidal granuloma.

Also Known As:

South American Blastomycosis; Blastomyces brasiliensis Infection; Paracoccidioidal Granuloma; Paracoccidioides brasiliensis Infection; Granuloma, Paracoccidioidal; Infection, Blastomyces brasiliensis; Infection, Paracoccidioides; Infection, Paracoccidioides brasiliensis; Infections, Paracoccidioides brasiliensis; Paracoccidioidal Granulomas; Paracoccidioides brasiliensis Infections; Paracoccidioidomycose; Blastomyces brasiliensis Infections; Blastomycosis, South American; Paracoccidioides Infection; Paracoccidioides Infections; Paracoccidioidomycoses

Networked: 672 relevant articles (46 outcomes, 64 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Infections: 526564
- Bacterial Infections and Mycoses: 1
  - Mycoses: 11300
    - Paracoccidioidomycosis: 672
      - Colangite esclerosante porracoccidiodomicose

Related Diseases

1.	Histoplasmosis
2.	Blastomycosis
3.	Sporotrichosis
4.	Infections
5.	Coccidioidomycosis

Experts

1.	Travassos, Luiz R: 18 articles (09/2020 - 11/2002)
2.	Calich, Vera L G: 15 articles (12/2019 - 05/2002)
3.	Restrepo, Angela: 15 articles (01/2013 - 02/2002)
4.	Martinez, Roberto: 14 articles (09/2021 - 01/2003)
5.	Taborda, Carlos P: 14 articles (01/2019 - 04/2008)
6.	Mendes, Rinaldo Poncio: 11 articles (01/2020 - 04/2014)
7.	Burger, Eva: 10 articles (09/2021 - 07/2003)
8.	Benard, Gil: 10 articles (10/2014 - 02/2001)
9.	Pereira, Maristela: 9 articles (01/2022 - 01/2004)
10.	Sano, Ayako: 8 articles (07/2021 - 05/2004)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Paracoccidioidomycosis:

1.	Itraconazole (Sporanox)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/1987 - "Although experience with itraconazole is still limited, results to date indicate that this new drug is safe and effective for the treatment of paracoccidioidomycosis. " 01/01/1990 - "The results of this study confirm the efficacy of itraconazole in the treatment of paracoccidioidomycosis." 08/01/2017 - "According to the Brazilian Consensus on Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM), itraconazole is the drug of choice for treatment. " 04/01/2014 - "Itraconazole is currently used to treat paracoccidioidomycosis. " 12/01/2010 - "Histopathologic and immunologic effects of the itraconazole treatment in a murine model of chronic pulmonary paracoccidioidomycosis."
2.	Ketoconazole (Nizoral)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/1984 - "Chronic murine paracoccidioidomycosis: effect of ketoconazole on clearance of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis and immune response." 05/01/1982 - "[Efficacy of ketoconazole in patients with recurrent paracoccidioidomycosis]." 12/30/1984 - "The effect of ketoconazole on experimental paracoccidioidomycosis in the Syrian hamster: immunological and histopathological study." 04/01/1987 - "Ketoconazole in the treatment of experimental murine paracoccidioidomycosis." 12/30/1984 - "The effect of Ketoconazole (KTZ) on the hamster experimental intratesticular paracoccidioidomycosis was studied employing different treatment schedules. "
3.	Amphotericin B (Amphotericin)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/2016 - "The newly developed amphotericin B coupled with magnetic nanoparticles was effective against experimental paracoccidioidomycosis, and it did not induce clinical, biochemical or histopathological alterations. " 05/01/1999 - "In this study, we treated four adults with the juvenile form of paracoccidioidomycosis with 3 mg/kg/day of amphotericin B colloidal dispersion for at least 28 days. " 05/01/1999 - "Failure of amphotericin B colloidal dispersion in the treatment of paracoccidioidomycosis." 01/01/1999 - "Patients with severe and complicated paracoccidioidomycosis are treated with amphotericin B by the intravenous route. " 09/01/1996 - "Case 2: a 57-year old male was admitted elsewhere 6 months ago and, with a radiologic diagnosis of pulmonary paracoccidioidomycosis, was treated with amphotericin B. "
4.	Peptides (Polypeptides)IBA 01/01/2012 - "The role of adjuvants in therapeutic protection against paracoccidioidomycosis after immunization with the P10 peptide." 03/01/2010 - "The present study reports on the preparation and testing of a sustained delivery system for the immunomodulatory peptide P10 aimed at reducing the in vivo degradation of the peptide and the amount required to elicit a protective immune response against paracoccidioidomycosis. " 05/10/2023 - "Targeting the P10 Peptide in Maturing Dendritic Cells via the DEC205 Receptor In Vivo: A New Therapeutic Strategy against Paracoccidioidomycosis." 11/01/2017 - "Subtractive phage display selection for screening and identification of peptide sequences with potential use in serodiagnosis of paracoccidioidomycosis caused by Paracoccidioides brasiliensis." 01/01/2017 - "Dendritic Cells Primed with Paracoccidioides brasiliensis Peptide P10 Are Therapeutic in Immunosuppressed Mice with Paracoccidioidomycosis."
5.	AntigensIBA 01/07/2011 - "Dendritic cells transfected with scFv from Mab 7.B12 mimicking original antigen gp43 induces protection against experimental Paracoccidioidomycosis." 01/01/2023 - "The study included 207 patients with confirmed (etiology-demonstrated) or probable (serology-demonstrated) paracoccidioidomycosis, and DID was performed with culture filtrate from Paracoccidioides brasiliensis B339 as antigen. " 08/01/2005 - "There are some major histocompatibility complex antigen association studies with systemic paracoccidioidomycosis. " 08/01/1999 - "In this study the levels of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis antigens detected in the plasma of patients with paracoccidioidomycosis correlated with the suppression index detected by the low mitogenic response of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) to phytohaemaglutinin (PHA). " 07/01/1992 - "In the present study, we analyzed human antibody responses to Paracoccidioides brasiliensis cellular antigens by the immunoblot technique to identify specific cellular components and to investigate the existence of antigen profile differences among serological responses of paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) patients. "
6.	VaccinesIBA 01/01/2012 - "Hence, our data demonstrate the potential of P10-primed DCs as a vaccine capable of both the rapid protection against the development of serious paracoccidioidomycosis or the treatment of established P. " 05/26/2021 - "Neutrophil Cells Are Essential for The Efficacy of a Therapeutic Vaccine against Paracoccidioidomycosis." 01/01/2017 - "The radioattenuated yeast provides a valuable tool for immunological studies in experimental paracoccidioidomycosis and vaccine research." 01/01/2017 - "The chapter reviews methods utilized for the isolation and characterization of a promising immunogen candidate, aiming at a human vaccine against paracoccidioidomycosis. " 01/01/2017 - "Paracoccidioides brasiliensis is the agent of paracoccidioidomycosis, the most prevalent mycosis in Latin America, and currently there is no effective vaccine. "
7.	Interleukin-10 (Interleukin 10)IBA 11/01/2015 - "Protection against Paracoccidioides brasiliensis infection in mice treated with modulated dendritic cells relies on inhibition of interleukin-10 production by CD8+ T cells." 06/01/2008 - "B-1 cells facilitate Paracoccidioides brasiliensis infection in mice via IL-10 secretion." 10/01/2007 - "After 15 days of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis infection, DCs from susceptible mice produced IL-10 and expressed costimulatory molecules at a low level. " 11/01/2006 - "Role of mast cells as IL10 producing cells in paracoccidioidomycosis skin lesions." 01/01/2005 - "The role of interleukin-10 in the differential expression of interleukin-12p70 and its beta2 receptor on patients with active or treated paracoccidioidomycosis and healthy infected subjects."
8.	Trimethoprim (Proloprim)FDA LinkGeneric 07/01/1977 - "The findings in a patient with paracoccidiodomycosis (South American blastomycosis) diagnosed by open-lung biopsy and treated successfully with a combination of trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole are reported, and the clinical spectrum of the disease is reviewed. " 08/01/2017 - "Therapeutic Response in Adult Patients with Nonsevere Chronic Paracoccidioidomycosis Treated with Sulfamethoxazole-Trimethoprim: A Retrospective Study." 07/01/2000 - "Following definitive diagnosis of paracoccidioidomycosis, he was treated initially with trimethoprim/sulphamethoxazole, but there was no clinical improvement. " 11/01/1989 - "Evaluation of acetylator phenotype, renal function and serum sulfadiazine levels in patients with paracoccidioidomycosis treated with cotrimazine (a combination of sulfadiazine and trimethoprim)." 03/01/2010 - "Combination of sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim with the P10 peptide entrapped within PLGA demonstrated increased therapeutic efficacy against paracoccidioidomycosis. "
9.	Sulfamethoxazole FDA LinkGeneric 07/01/1977 - "The findings in a patient with paracoccidiodomycosis (South American blastomycosis) diagnosed by open-lung biopsy and treated successfully with a combination of trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole are reported, and the clinical spectrum of the disease is reviewed. " 08/01/2017 - "Therapeutic Response in Adult Patients with Nonsevere Chronic Paracoccidioidomycosis Treated with Sulfamethoxazole-Trimethoprim: A Retrospective Study." 07/01/2000 - "Following definitive diagnosis of paracoccidioidomycosis, he was treated initially with trimethoprim/sulphamethoxazole, but there was no clinical improvement. " 03/01/2010 - "Combination of sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim with the P10 peptide entrapped within PLGA demonstrated increased therapeutic efficacy against paracoccidioidomycosis. " 09/01/2003 - "Disseminated paracoccidioidomycosis: correlation between clinical and in vitro resistance to ketoconazole and trimethoprim sulphamethoxazole."
10.	Monoclonal AntibodiesIBA 09/01/2015 - "Stimulation of B cells or passive transference of monoclonal antibodies are also important means that may be used to improve the efficacy of paracoccidioidomycosis treatment in the future. " 01/01/2016 - "Herein, we determined the role of the neutrophil during the early stages of experimental pulmonary paracoccidioidomycosis using a monoclonal antibody (mAb) specific for neutrophils. " 12/01/1997 - "Use of monoclonal antibodies in diagnosis of paracoccidioidomycosis: new strategies for detection of circulating antigens." 12/01/1998 - "The recent utilization of monoclonal antibodies in the development of antigen detection methods for the diagnosis of histoplasmosis and paracoccidioidomycosis offers further scope for improvement in this area." 10/01/1994 - "Monoclonal antibody capture enzyme immunoassay for detection of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis antibodies in paracoccidioidomycosis."

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Therapeutics 01/01/2023 - "Aims: The development of safe and effective therapies for treating paracoccidioidomycosis using computational strategies were employed to discover anti-Paracoccidioides compounds. " 12/01/2007 - "Patients receiving >or=1 dose of study drug were evaluated for safety; patients with confirmed paracoccidioidomycosis who completed >or=6 months of therapy (treatment-evaluable patients) were evaluated for treatment efficacy. " 01/13/2023 - "Hence, the compound is a promising alternative for developing new strategies of therapies against paracoccidioidomycosis." 01/01/2023 - "Myeloid-derived suppressor cells are associated with impaired Th1 and Th17 responses and severe pulmonary paracoccidioidomycosis which is reversed by anti-Gr1 therapy." 02/01/2022 - "We present a case of a 73-year-old male with acute surgical abdomen secondary to Intestinal Paracoccidioidomycosis requiring intestinal resection and postoperative antifungal therapy. "
2.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy) 03/01/2008 - "Reduction of fungal load is additive to chemotherapy and therefore the combined treatment is mostly effective against experimental paracoccidioidomycosis." 08/01/2012 - "Protective effect of rPb40 as an adjuvant for chemotherapy in experimental paracoccidioidomycosis." 03/10/2011 - "Paracoccidioidomycosis, PCM, the major systemic mycosis in Latin America, is caused by the termally dimorphic fungus Paracoccidioides brasiliensis and requires extended periods of chemotherapy with a significant frequency of relapsing disease. " 03/10/2011 - "Additive effect of rPb27 immunization and chemotherapy in experimental paracoccidioidomycosis." 04/01/2008 - "Chemotherapy is the basis of treatment of paracoccidioidomycosis in its various forms. "
3.	Aftercare (After-Treatment) 03/01/1983 - "Pulmonary localization of paracoccidioidomycosis: lung function studies before and after treatment." 10/16/2014 - "Phenotypic and functional evaluations of peripheral blood monocytes from chronic-form paracoccidioidomycosis patients before and after treatment." 12/01/2009 - "This technique of real-time PCR is a sensitive method for rapid diagnosis of paracoccidioidomycosis and could serve to monitor patients after treatment has begun." 06/01/2000 - "Cellular immunity is usually suppressed during paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) and is restored after treatment. " 05/01/1993 - "Recovery of adrenal function after treatment of paracoccidioidomycosis."
4.	Immunomodulation 04/01/2013 - "Our work highlights the deleterious effect of excessive innate proinflammatory reactions and provides new evidence for the importance of immunomodulation during pulmonary paracoccidioidomycosis." 06/01/2020 - "Medication association and immunomodulation: An approach in fungal diseases and in particular in the treatment of paracoccidioidomycosis." 01/01/2020 - "Our study aimed to investigate the involvement of IL-27 and Tr1 cells in the immunomodulation of paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM), the most prevalent systemic mycosis in Brazil. " 01/01/2015 - "Pentoxifylline immunomodulation in the treatment of experimental chronic pulmonary paracoccidioidomycosis." 01/01/2021 - "Virulence Vs. Immunomodulation: Roles of the Paracoccin Chitinase and Carbohydrate-Binding Sites in Paracoccidioides brasiliensis Infection."
5.	Liver Transplantation 01/01/2017 - "In this study, we describe the first report of disseminated paracoccidioidomycosis in a 3-year-old girl who underwent liver transplantation 2 years previously. " 06/01/2021 - "Mixed and disseminated paracoccidioidomycosis after liver transplantation: Case report." 05/01/2021 - "Disseminated paracoccidioidomycosis in a liver transplant patient." 01/01/2017 - "Paracoccidioidomycosis in a liver transplant recipient." 05/01/2021 - "The present report comprises the case of a 47-year-old female patient with disseminated skin lesions associated with signs and symptoms of systemic involvement of paracoccidioidomycosis that manifested one year after liver transplantation and under an immunosuppression regimen with tacrolimus and mycophenolate mofetil."