Orbital Fractures (Fracture, Orbital)

Fractures of the bones in the orbit, which include parts of the frontal, ethmoidal, lacrimal, and sphenoid bones and the maxilla and zygoma.

Also Known As:

Fracture, Orbital; Blow Out Fractures; Blow-Out Fracture; Fracture, Blow Out; Fracture, Blow-Out; Fractures, Blow Out; Fractures, Orbital; Out Fracture, Blow; Out Fractures, Blow; Blow Out Fracture; Blow-Out Fractures; Fractures, Blow-Out; Orbital Fracture

Networked: 308 relevant articles (13 outcomes, 42 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Diplopia (Double Vision)
2.	Enophthalmos
3.	Hemorrhage
4.	Orbital Cellulitis
5.	Graves Ophthalmopathy

Experts

1.	Nunery, William R: 6 articles (07/2019 - 01/2009)
2.	McNab, Alan A: 4 articles (12/2022 - 09/2013)
3.	Selva, Dinesh: 3 articles (12/2022 - 06/2005)
4.	Dubois, Leander: 3 articles (03/2021 - 01/2015)
5.	Grant, Michael P: 3 articles (06/2020 - 07/2008)
6.	He, Yang: 3 articles (01/2020 - 09/2010)
7.	Zhang, Yi: 3 articles (01/2020 - 09/2010)
8.	Lee, H B Harold: 3 articles (07/2019 - 05/2014)
9.	Timoney, Peter J: 3 articles (07/2019 - 05/2014)
10.	Scolozzi, Paolo: 3 articles (07/2015 - 01/2010)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Orbital Fractures:

1.	Polyethylene (Polythene)IBA 01/01/2022 - "Orbital blow-out fracture repair using porous polyethylene membrane sheets through a transconjunctival approach is a safe and effective surgical technique for orbital blow-out fracture repair. " 05/01/2009 - "To evaluate the efficacy of porous polyethylene sheet implants in reconstruction of orbital blow-out fractures. " 01/01/2022 - "The purpose of this study is to evaluate the demographics of patients with orbital blow-out fractures, as well as the success and complications of surgical repair with porous polyethylene membrane sheet implants through transconjunctival technique and to compare the results to previously published studies. " 01/01/2022 - "Seventeen patients (29.8%) underwent orbital fracture repair through a transconjunctival technique employing porous polyethylene membrane sheets. " 05/01/2019 - "Reply re: "Early Experience With Nonporous Polyethylene Barrier Sheets in Orbital Fracture Repair"."
2.	Anti-Bacterial Agents (Antibiotics)IBA 07/30/2018 - "Are postoperative prophylactic antibiotics effective for orbital fracture?" 06/01/2013 - "We conclude that in displaced orbital fractures a postoperative 1-day course of antibiotics is as effective in preventing infective complications as a 5-day regimen." 09/01/2021 - "Currently there is no evidence of utility to prophylactic antibiotics in the setting of nonoperative traumatic orbital fractures. " 09/01/2021 - "Of 154 patients with nonoperative orbital fractures, 17 patients (group 1) received IV or oral antibiotics and 137 patients (group 2) did not. " 01/01/2016 - "Despite frequent recommendation for the use of prophylactic antibiotics after orbital fractures in commonly cited ophthalmic references, the majority of oculoplastic surgeons do not use prophylactic antibiotics for orbital fractures, including both nonoperative orbital fractures and orbital fractures that may potentially need surgery."
3.	Nylons (Nylon)IBA 07/01/2008 - "The authors found the smooth nylon foil implant to be safe and effective in orbital fracture repair. " 07/01/2019 - "PRéCIS: A case series of 227 patients who underwent orbital fracture repair with non-fixated nylon sheet implants." 07/01/2019 - "A retrospective chart review of 227 patients presenting from January 2013 to December 2016 for orbital fracture repair with nylon sheet implants. " 01/01/2018 - "Seven patients underwent revision of their orbital fracture repair with removal of the previously placed implant and replacement with non-porous 0.4mm Supramid Foil, whereas one patient underwent lateral and inferior rectus recessions without revision of primary fracture repair. " 05/01/2014 - "A total of 59 orbits in 57 patients underwent orbital fracture repair using solely the 0.4-mm Supramid implant that were included in this retrospective chart review with the average age being 12 years. "
4.	TitaniumIBA 11/01/2001 - "Recently several reports have claimed good results using titanium implants to repair orbital fracture. " 04/01/2017 - "The purpose of this study was to compare outcomes between navigation-aided and conventional techniques for complex unilateral orbital fractures using titanium mesh. " 07/01/2013 - "This study compares the use of preformed vs intraoperative bending of titanium mesh for orbital reconstruction in 2-wall orbital fractures. " 01/01/2010 - "Computer-aided volumetric comparison of reconstructed orbits for blow-out fractures with nonpreformed versus 3-dimensionally preformed titanium mesh plates: a preliminary study." 01/01/2002 - "In the current study, 55 patients with 67 orbital fractures underwent orbital reconstruction with titanium mesh over a 5-year period. "
5.	MedporIBA 05/10/2011 - "Medpor plus titanic mesh implant is a safe and effective treatment in the repair of orbital blow out fractures." 07/01/2005 - "[Correction of enophthalmos deformity caused by orbital blow-out fractures using medpor implantation]." 06/01/2021 - "Nine cases of orbital fracture (29%) were managed operatively - 4 with absorbable plates, 3 with Medpor implants, and 8 with titanium plating. " 11/01/2016 - "A consecutive series of 104 patients with orbital fractures received computer simulation-designed prebent titanium-Medpor mesh implants insertion. " 06/01/2015 - "This study aims to evaluate the effect of customized titanium mesh, which was designed by mirror imaging and rapid prototyping technique, with Medpor applied for orbital fracture with enophthalmos. "
6.	SolutionsIBA 11/01/2012 - " HACMC solution seemed to be effective for reducing postoperative adhesion in reconstruction of blow-out fractures in a rabbit model. " 10/01/2018 - "The aim of the present study was the management of orbital fractures and the solution of particular cases. " 09/01/2020 - "This technique may provide a useful solution to an unusual problem during orbital fracture repair." 11/01/2012 - "Our results suggest that the application of HACMC solution could be an effective adjunct for the repair of trap-door fractures or revision of blow-out fractures." 11/01/2012 - "The purpose of this study was to find out the effect of the mixed solution of sodium hyaluronate and sodium carboxymethylcellulose (HACMC) on postoperative adhesion in blow-out fracture repair in an animal model.Twenty"
7.	SteroidsIBA 01/01/1987 - "Thirty-eight patients with computed tomography (CT)-proven orbital fractures and diplopia were studied prospectively to determine the efficacy of steroids in the medical management of orbital fractures. " 05/01/2012 - "Retrospective study of 1 case of herpes zoster with blow-out fracture, which had been treated with acyclovir and steroid, was done. "
8.	Durapatite (Hydroxylapatite)IBA 01/01/2021 - "The purpose of this study is to report the outcomes of a series of orbital fracture repairs, their assessment with the Hess area ratio (HAR%), and the use of unsintered hydroxyapatite (HA) implants for reconstruction. " 12/01/1990 - "[Osprovit: hydroxylapatite ceramic for the reconstruction of blow-out fractures of the orbital floor]." 11/01/2002 - "To investigate the surgical technique for late reconstruction and reposition of enophthalmos of orbital blow-out fractures (BOF) and its efficacy, and to evaluate the effectiveness of hydroxyapatite (HA) composite material as orbital implant material. " 01/01/2021 - "Assessment of a Consecutive Series of Orbital Floor Fracture Repairs With the Hess Area Ratio and the Use of Unsintered Hydroxyapatite Particles/Poly l-Lactide Composite Sheets for Orbital Fracture Reconstruction." 09/01/2007 - "Comparison of the postoperative outcome in pure medial orbital fracture among three groups: using porous polyethylene or hydroxyapatite through subciliary approach and transnasal endoscopic correction."
9.	ElementsIBA 07/01/2012 - "The aim of the study was to identify the areas of stress concentrations caused by external loads, which can lead to cranio-orbital fractures (COF), by the finite element method (FEM). " 07/01/2012 - "Finite element method for analysis of stresses arising in the skull after external loading in cranio-orbital fractures." 08/01/1995 - "We used a computer to create a three-dimensional finite element model which could simulate the orbital fracture process. " 01/01/2012 - "The purpose of this study was to develop a finite element model (FEM) of a human orbit, of 1 patient, who had an orbital blow-out fracture, to study the effect of using a "stiffness-graded" (SG) biodegradable implant on the biomechanics of bone-fracture repair. "
10.	PlasticsIBA 04/01/2022 - "To compare the incidence of lower eyelid malposition following repair of isolated orbital floor fractures with that of complex orbitofacial fractures (defined as multi-wall fractures or prior orbital fracture repairs requiring revision) by oculofacial plastic surgeons via a transconjunctival or swinging eyelid approach. " 03/01/2014 - "Multiple facial fractures and orbital fractures were more frequently treated by plastic surgeons among all surgeons. " 06/01/1996 - "The records of 54 consecutive patients with orbital fractures presenting to the Ophthalmic Plastic and Orbital Surgery service of Penn State University's Department of Ophthalmology were reviewed. " 03/01/2020 - "Enophthalmos is one of the most distressing complications of orbital fracture, and when faced with a blowout fracture, plastic surgeons often find it difficult to determine the need for surgical correction. " 09/01/2009 - "Historically, the eyelid approach to the orbit has been used mainly by ophthalmic plastic surgeons for removal of intraconal and extraconal orbital tumors, orbital fracture repair and optic nerve sheath fenestration. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Orbital Implants 08/01/2010 - "By introducing the concept of preshaped, navigated orbital implants, the repair of complex orbital fracture patterns could be significantly facilitated and improved. " 09/01/2022 - "This review of existing PSI orbital implant literature highlights that while PSI can accurately and safely repair orbital fractures, patient outcomes are largely comparable to orbital fractures repaired by conventional methods, and PSI do not offer a definitive benefit over conventional implants." 03/01/2021 - "Orbital Implants in Orbital Fracture Reconstruction: A Ten-Year Series." 01/01/2019 - "We developed an orbit-specific automatic 3D modeling software (Osteopore CMF 3D) that can automatically detect orbital fracture site, process mirroring, measure volume, and then produce a customized orbital implant. " 07/01/2014 - "We present a retrospective case series of 29 patients who underwent orbital fracture, facial fracture, and orbital implant removal from 7/4/2008 to 5/3/2013 by the same craniofacial surgeon. "
2.	Decompression 06/01/2022 - "Bony orbital decompression is an effective treatment for OCS, and displaced orbital fractures are protective. " 01/01/2020 - "Ethmoid mucosal samples were collected during orbital decompression surgeries for patients with GO and correction surgeries for patients with old orbital fractures as controls. " 10/01/2019 - "Conclusions: Findings of this study could be of valuable importance in various clinical situations in which quantification of orbital volume is needed, such as orbital decompression in Graves' orbitopathy, volume restoration in orbital fractures or other orbital reconstructive surgery. " 01/01/2018 - "The patients who underwent orbital decompression, secondary orbital implantation, and orbital fracture repair were more likely to develop significant postoperative pain and discomfort (P<0.001), and the patients who underwent enucleation/evisceration during orbital implantation were more likely to develop postoperative discomfort (P<0.001). " 01/01/2012 - "The surgeries most frequently associated with postoperative diplopia include: repair of orbital fracture, endoscopic sinus surgery (from inadvertent orbital penetration), and orbital decompression for thyroid-related immune orbitopathy (TRIO). "
3.	Reoperation 09/01/2021 - "The aim of the study was to assess factors leading to revision surgery and implant position of primary orbital fracture reconstructions. " 09/01/2021 - "Implant malposition and revision surgery in primary orbital fracture reconstructions." 03/01/2013 - "Based on statistically significant improved outcomes in postoperative diplopia and orbital volume, as well as the decreased need for revision surgery, we accept the hypothesis that mirror image overlay guidance improves outcomes in complex orbital reconstruction and recommend its use for complex orbital fracture repair." 11/01/2023 - "Methods: A systematic review was performed in concordance with the Preferred Reporting Items of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines: the population was patients undergoing orbital fracture repair; intervention was use of intraoperative CT; comparison was patients not undergoing intraoperative CT; and outcomes were intraoperative revision rate, postoperative complications, and secondary revision surgeries. "
4.	Orthoptics (Orthoptic) 06/01/2020 - "This study presents the results of an updated clinical protocol for orbital blow-out fractures, with a special emphasis on nonsurgical treatment and orthoptic evaluation of functional improvement. " 01/01/2014 - "The aim of this study is to analyze the results of orthoptic examination in patients with orbital blow-out fractures, who underwent reconstruction surgery and to determine which preoperative factors influence the outcome prognosis. " 03/01/2021 - "Orthoptic Evaluation and Treatment in Orbital Fractures." 06/01/2020 - "A nonsurgical approach with repeated orthoptic evaluation is justified for most blow-out fractures." 01/01/2014 - "The thorough orthoptic assessment and identifying the potential oculomotor dysfunction prior to reconstructive surgery enables proper outcome prognosis in patients with orbital blow-out fractures."
5.	Therapeutics 10/01/2023 - "In conclusion, this study will contribute to identifying the best clinical therapy and protective techniques for individuals with orbital fractures. " 06/01/2019 - "Transconjunctival approach is a safe approach for orbital fracture therapy. " 07/01/2014 - "Horses sustaining orbital fractures treated promptly with medical and surgical therapy have a favorable prognosis for return to function and cosmesis. " 01/01/2009 - "Often, complex, optimal management of the orbital fracture is directly dependent on thorough initial evaluation, correct injury assessment, and timely initiation of chosen therapy. " 11/01/1996 - "To illustrate the value of computed tomography in the surgeon's armamentarium for management of orbital fractures, cases are presented in which imaging proved decisive in planning a course of therapy. "