Nocardia Infections

Infections with bacteria of the genus NOCARDIA.

Also Known As:

Cerebral Nocardiosis; Infections, Nocardia; Nocardia asteroides Infection; Nocardiosis; Primary Cutaneous Nocardiosis; Pulmonary Nocardiosis; Cerebral Nocardioses; Cutaneous Nocardioses, Primary; Cutaneous Nocardiosis, Primary; Infection, Nocardia; Infection, Nocardia asteroides; Infections, Nocardia asteroides; Nocardia Infection; Nocardia asteroides Infections; Nocardioses; Nocardioses, Cerebral; Nocardioses, Primary Cutaneous; Nocardioses, Pulmonary; Nocardiosis, Cerebral; Nocardiosis, Primary Cutaneous; Nocardiosis, Pulmonary; Primary Cutaneous Nocardioses; Pulmonary Nocardioses

Networked: 723 relevant articles (60 outcomes, 27 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Infections: 526564
- Bacterial Infections and Mycoses: 1
  - Bacterial Infections: 24368
    - Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections: 348
      - Actinomycetales Infections: 1
        Nocardia Infections: 723
        Mycetoma: 411

Related Diseases

1.	Infections
2.	Nocardia Infections
3.	Disease Progression
4.	Opportunistic Infections (Opportunistic Infection)
5.	Neoplasms (Cancer)

Experts

1.	Lebeaux, David: 13 articles (01/2022 - 01/2016)
2.	Coussement, Julien: 8 articles (01/2022 - 01/2016)
3.	Yaguchi, Takashi: 6 articles (07/2022 - 08/2012)
4.	Lortholary, Olivier: 6 articles (01/2022 - 01/2016)
5.	Gonoi, Tohru: 6 articles (09/2021 - 08/2011)
6.	Chen, Shih-Chu: 4 articles (01/2022 - 07/2018)
7.	De Greef, Julien: 4 articles (01/2022 - 05/2017)
8.	Rodriguez-Nava, Veronica: 4 articles (01/2022 - 01/2016)
9.	Goldberg, Elad: 4 articles (12/2021 - 01/2020)
10.	Margalit, Ili: 4 articles (12/2021 - 01/2020)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Nocardia Infections:

1.	Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination Trimethoprim (Co-Trimoxazole)FDA LinkGeneric 08/01/2021 - "TMP-SMX monotherapy appears to be effective for the treatment of most nocardiosis among SOT recipients. " 07/01/2009 - "New species of Nocardia have been identified, and administration of cotrimoxazole prophylaxis should no longer be considered highly reliable protection against nocardiosis. " 04/01/1991 - "Our experience indicates that a short course of TMP-SMX in a low dose may not be effective in preventing the spread of nocardiosis to the central nervous system (CNS). " 04/01/2021 - "Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole prophylaxis was shown to be protective against nocardiosis in lung transplant recipients, while augmented immunosuppression conferred increased risk. " 03/01/2002 - "Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole for P carinii prophylaxis at the doses given was not protective against nocardiosis in these patients. "
2.	Anti-Bacterial Agents (Antibiotics)IBA 01/01/2019 - "We present an interesting case of post-renal transplant cardiac nocardiosis, which was treated successfully with a course of antibiotics." 10/01/2009 - "Successful therapy of disseminated Nocardia infections is dependent upon choice of appropriate empiric antibiotics in addition to surgical drainage of purulent fluid collections. " 10/01/2021 - "Conventional intensive antibiotic treatment has improved survival rates, but the overall prognosis of patients with disseminated nocardiosis remains unsatisfactory. " 04/01/2017 - "The patient responded well to treatment and is on long-term antibiotics for Nocardia infection." 08/01/2023 - "The bacteriological study allowed to retain the presumptive diagnosis of nocardiosis, the patient was put under antibiotic treatment with a clear clinical and radiological improvement. "
3.	Linezolid (Zyvox)FDA Link 10/06/2022 - "In disseminated nocardiosis, linezolid is an important alternative that can give a better outcome with the monitoring of linezolid serum concentrations and platelet count." 02/01/2003 - "Linezolid is a new option for the treatment of nocardiosis and is effective when given orally." 02/01/2003 - "Linezolid appears to be an effective alternative for the treatment of nocardiosis." 04/01/2020 - "We report the safety and efficacy of linezolid use for nocardiosis in this setting. " 01/01/2023 - "No treatment-specific factors were significantly associated with mortality in 33 patients with disseminated nocardiosis, although survivors had a higher rate of linezolid use. "
4.	SulfonamidesIBA 01/01/2018 - "Our results suggest that non-sulfonamides are effective treatment for the patients with primary cutaneous nocardiosis who are resistant or intolerant to sulfonamides." 12/01/2023 - "To emphasize the role of non-sulfonamides in the treatment of Nocardia infection and reduce the adverse reactions caused by sulfonamides. " 11/08/2023 - "Co-sulfonamide treatment should still be the first choice of Nocardiosis disease." 08/01/2021 - "Nocardia infection is rare and requires early diagnosis, extended use of sulfonamides for good prognosis, and prevention of recurrence. " 01/01/2018 - "We report an improvement of primary cutaneous nocardiosis symptoms in the four patients treated with non-sulfonamides. "
5.	Amikacin (A.M.K)FDA LinkGeneric 11/01/2003 - "Efficacy of amikacin combinations for nocardiosis." 08/01/2021 - "To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of HBOT, combined with amikacin, used to successfully treat feline cutaneous nocardiosis. " 01/01/2014 - "Patients with suspected Nocardia infection should therefore be treated empirically with ST and/or amikacin and considered for surgical management. " 04/01/1987 - "Amikacin-containing regimens for treatment of nocardiosis in immunocompromised patients." 04/01/1980 - "Successful treatment of Nocardia asteroides infection with amikacin."
6.	Sulfamethoxazole FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/2007 - "[Pulmonary nocardiosis with trimethoprime/sulphamethoxazole-resistant Nocardia paucivorans in a patient with no signs of immunosuppression]." 08/01/1980 - "[A case of pulmonary nocardiosis treated only by sulfamethoxazole (author's transl)]." 12/01/1986 - "Among patients with AIDS who have sulfamethoxazole hypersensitivity during treatment for nocardiosis, alternative drugs may be efficacious and may be particularly important in this setting because they have a lower incidence of toxicity." 09/01/2013 - "No resistance to trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole was found; therefore, sulphonamide drugs remain effective for treatment of cutaneous nocardiosis in Taiwan. " 03/06/2023 - "After switching to sulphamethoxazole combined with minocycline for anti-nocardiosis treatment, the patient gradually improved and was finally discharged. "
7.	Anti-Infective Agents (Microbicides)IBA 12/01/1998 - "Nocardia infection may be a good example which is difficult to cure with antimicrobial agents alone. " 10/01/2022 - "The study aimed to assess the clinical characteristics of patients with nocardiosis, to evaluate the in vitro susceptibility of antimicrobial agents against Nocardia species, and to explore changes in antimicrobial susceptibilities in this era of multidrug resistance. " 01/01/2017 - "The accurate identification of the infecting species and the determination of its susceptibility to antimicrobial agents, given the large number of strains with atypical patterns, are crucial if patients with nocardiosis are to be successfully treated." 02/01/2005 - "These cases demonstrate the propensity of Nocardia spp. to cause disseminated disease and to develop resistance to multiple antimicrobial agents used in the initial treatment of serious Nocardia infection. " 05/01/1990 - "We shall review potential clues that may suggest the diagnosis of nocardiosis and discuss other effective antimicrobial agents."
8.	Trimethoprim (Proloprim)FDA LinkGeneric 08/01/2021 - "Daily dose of trimethoprim at initiation was 10 [6.4-14.8] mg/kg. The median estimated glomerular filtration rate at time of diagnosis of nocardiosis was 44 [30-62] ml/min/1.73 m². " 07/01/1970 - "Despite this, the inclusion of trimethoprim in the drug regime when sulphonamides are used in the treatment of nocardiosis is suggested on empirical grounds." 03/27/1971 - "Trimethoprim as a possible therapy for nocardiosis and melioidosis." 12/12/1970 - "Trimethoprim as a possible therapy for nocardiosis and melioidosis." 08/25/2020 - "Trimethoprim-induced hyponatremia mimicking SIADH in a patient with pulmonary nocardiosis: use of point-of-care ultrasound in apparent euvolemic hypotonic hyponatremia."
9.	VaccinesIBA 07/01/2023 - "seriolae (NsAld) was knocked out to establish the strain ΔNsAld for vaccine development against fish nocardiosis in this study. " 12/01/2022 - "Induction of attenuated Nocardia seriolae and their use as live vaccine trials against fish nocardiosis." 07/01/2023 - "All these results suggest that the strain ΔNsAld could be a potential candidate for live vaccine development to control fish nocardiosis in aquaculture." 12/07/2022 - "This has led to the investigation of a vaccine approach to prevent Nocardia infections. " 12/01/2022 - "seriolae, which suggested that these two attenuated strains were the potential candidates for live vaccine development to control fish nocardiosis in aquaculture."
10.	Tigecycline (Tygacil)FDA Link 09/01/2018 - "We report the first case of primary cutaneous nocardiosis in a renal transplant recipient having corresponded well to treatment with tigecycline." 09/01/2018 - "Lymphocutaneous nocardiosis in a kidney transplant patient successfully treated with tigecycline." 09/01/2018 - "Although trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole is considered to be the agent of choice for treatment of nocardiosis, newer antimicrobials such as tigecycline have been proven to be effective in vitro, as well. " 05/01/2011 - "The results of this in vitro study suggest that nemonoxacin, linezolid, and tigecycline are promising treatment options for nocardiosis. " 07/01/2009 - "The results of this in vitro study suggest that nemonoxacin, linezolid and tigecycline show promise as treatment options for nocardiosis. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Therapeutics 04/27/1997 - "Although the mortality rate is high in immunocompromised patients with disseminated Nocardia infection, our patient responded favorably to prolonged antimicrobial therapy. " 08/09/2021 - "After 5 months therapy, Consolidation on CT disappeared, and Nocardiosis was cured. " 06/01/2023 - "Our goal is to highlight a diagnostic approach to cerebral nocardiosis in an immunocompetent patient with the purpose of accelerating the initiation of the appropriate therapy. " 04/01/2023 - "Whole-body F-18 FDG-PET/CT allows identifying the extent of disease, as well as monitoring response to therapy in patients with nocardiosis especially the disseminated form." 06/01/2022 - "Nocardiosis: When the Side Effects of Therapy Mimic Symptoms."
2.	Transplantation 12/01/2022 - "However, the patients presented here developed disseminated nocardiosis several years after transplantation, which has important implications. " 12/01/2022 - "Solid organ transplant recipients are at greatest risk for Nocardia infection within the first 1 to 2 years after transplantation. " 01/01/2019 - "The risk of developing nocardiosis after transplantation varies with the type of organ transplanted and the immunosuppression regimen used. " 12/01/2017 - "Nocardiosis has been described since the early years of transplantation. " 08/01/2011 - "In this article, we report a new case of disseminated nocardiosis (lungs, skin, and pericardium) after renal allograft transplantation. "
3.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy) 08/01/1999 - "The patient's nocardiosis responded well to chemotherapy including IPM and EM." 11/01/1979 - "Early detection, appropriate chemotherapy, absence of underlying immune malfunction, and surgically remediable disease are good prognostic indices in cerebral nocardiosis. " 11/01/1979 - "Prolonged post-treatment observation is essential in the management of nocardiosis as four patients relapsed after drug therapy was discountinued, three of them between six and eight months. " 10/01/1970 - "Pulmonary nocardiosis successfully treated with chemotherapy and resection." 08/01/2012 - "Primary cutaneous nocardiosis caused by Nocardia beijingensis in an immunocompromised patient with chemotherapy for advanced prostate cancer."
4.	Punctures 08/16/2021 - "Puncture fluid culture isolated Nocardia species, confirming the diagnosis of nocardiosis. " 10/21/2019 - "Nocardia bacteria verified by the culture of puncture fluid, and a diagnosis of disseminated nocardiosis was made. " 01/01/2022 - "The puncture fluid was caseous necrosis, which was confirmed to be Nocardia infection after bacterial culture, so the diagnosis was disseminated Nocardia infection. " 04/27/1991 - "[Cerebral nocardiosis cured by repeated stereotaxic punctures and antibiotic therapy]."
5.	Aftercare (After-Treatment) 08/01/2010 - "We believe this to be a valuable case for examining the time progression of autoimmune pulmonary alveolar protein syndrome, because of the clinical course of the exacerbation, and the improvement in the pulmonary alveolar proteinosis after treatment of pulmonary nocardiosis." 08/01/2021 - "After treatment with imipenem/cilastatin plus amikacin for 3 months followed by oral trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole for 1 year, no relapse of nocardiosis occurred during a follow-up for 3 years. "