Nephrocalcinosis

A condition characterized by calcification of the renal tissue itself. It is usually seen in distal RENAL TUBULAR ACIDOSIS with calcium deposition in the DISTAL KIDNEY TUBULES and the surrounding interstitium. Nephrocalcinosis causes RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.

Also Known As:

Nephrocalcinoses

Networked: 1233 relevant articles (32 outcomes, 65 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Hypercalciuria
2.	Hypercalcemia (Milk Alkali Syndrome)
3.	Hyperparathyroidism
4.	Renal Insufficiency (Renal Failure)
5.	Nephrolithiasis

Experts

1.	Konrad, Martin: 23 articles (11/2021 - 08/2000)
2.	Hoppe, Bernd: 21 articles (07/2022 - 09/2003)
3.	Milliner, Dawn S: 16 articles (09/2022 - 03/2005)
4.	Lieske, John C: 15 articles (09/2022 - 07/2004)
5.	Cochat, Pierre: 11 articles (02/2022 - 04/2004)
6.	Hou, Jianghui: 11 articles (01/2019 - 11/2005)
7.	Bacchetta, Justine: 9 articles (12/2022 - 01/2021)
8.	Sas, David J: 9 articles (09/2022 - 02/2019)
9.	Groothoff, Jaap W: 9 articles (03/2022 - 02/2003)
10.	Gambaro, Giovanni: 9 articles (01/2021 - 04/2008)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Nephrocalcinosis:

1.	CalciumIBA 08/01/2021 - "Extensive studies were notable for an elevated urinary excretion of calcium and bilateral medullary nephrocalcinosis seen on renal ultrasound (US). " 11/01/2014 - "This study aims at assessing the effects of calcium and phosphor supplementation in neonatal nephrocalcinosis by renal ultrasonography. " 09/01/1988 - "The exchangeable intrarenal calcium observed in this autoradiographic study was due to HgCl2-induced nephrocalcinosis." 01/01/2023 - "Nephrocalcinosis (NC) is defined as deposition of calcium in renal tubules and interstitium and is highly related with prematurity and monogenic diseases. " 03/01/2022 - "Higher baseline plasma total calcium concentration (tCa; odds ratio [OR] = 3.07 per 1 mg/dL; P = .02) and eating a PRD (10%-50%: OR = 8.35; P = .01; ≥50%: OR = 5.47; P = .01) were independent nephrocalcinosis risk factors. "
2.	MagnesiumIBA 06/13/2017 - "Moreover, augmenting a diet with high magnesium may be beneficial for other ectopic mineralization diseases, including nephrocalcinosis." 10/01/1999 - "Syndrome of renal magnesium wasting and nephrocalcinosis." 01/01/1999 - "Ionized hypomagnesemia was noted in a patient with normal total plasma magnesium in the context of hypercalciuric nephrocalcinosis of unknown origin. " 08/01/1998 - "We suggest that a magnesium-deficient diet not only induces nephrocalcinosis, but it also diminishes kidney function." 08/01/1998 - "Diminished kidney function and nephrocalcinosis in rats fed a magnesium-deficient diet."
3.	Phosphates (Orthophosphate)IBA 01/01/1998 - "The purpose of this study was to observe the pattern and permanence of phosphate-induced nephrocalcinosis (NC) in rabbits. " 01/01/1984 - "The results of the present study indicate that some factor(s) associated with age and development of female rats influence(s) the development of nephrocalcinosis induced by injected neutral phosphate." 12/01/2019 - "Clinically, the patient showed renal phosphate wasting and nephrocalcinosis without any bone abnormalities. " 03/01/2017 - "AJKD Atlas of Renal Pathology: Nephrocalcinosis and Acute Phosphate Nephropathy." 02/01/2016 - "Nephrocalcinosis tended to be slightly more common in patients starting treatment before 1 year of age, and was associated with higher average treatment doses of phosphate. "
4.	CreatinineIBA 01/01/2015 - "Serum creatinine was measured at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after nephrocalcinosis was diagnosed. " 03/01/2005 - "The urinary ratio of beta2-microglobulin and creatinine (beta2M/Cr) was very high in a transplanted woman with nephrocalcinosis (> 3.23 mg/mmol) and slightly high in five patients (> 0.052 or < 1.0 mg/mmol) with multiple urological manipulations. " 06/01/2004 - "Moreover, the Ca/creatinine ratio in spot urine specimens tended to be higher (P<0.1) in patients developing nephrocalcinosis. " 01/01/1996 - "The creatinine clearance was 125 +/- 6 mL/min/1.73 m2 in patients with nephrocalcinosis and 124 +/- 7 mL/min/1.73 m2 in those without nephrocalcinosis. " 08/01/1978 - "There was close correlation between hypercalcaemia, hyperuricaemia, nephrocalcinosis and creatinine clearance. "
5.	lumasiranIBA 03/01/2022 - "After an additional 6 months of lumasiran, 46% of patients had improvement in nephrocalcinosis grade within the lumasiran/lumasiran group. " 03/01/2022 - "Nephrocalcinosis grade improved after 6 months of lumasiran in the lumasiran/lumasiran and placebo/lumasiran groups (13% and 8% of patients, respectively). " 03/01/2022 - "At study start, 71% of patients in the lumasiran/lumasiran group and 92% in the placebo/lumasiran group had nephrocalcinosis. " 01/01/2022 - "Lumasiran seems effective without side effects in infants but does not completely prevent the onset of nephrocalcinosis in the most severe forms. " 01/01/2022 - "Patient 3 was diagnosed fortuitously (nephrocalcinosis) at 3.5 months and received lumasiran before genetic diagnosis, leading to decreased UOx and maintenance of normal kidney function. "
6.	AcidsIBA 01/01/2023 - "An increased understanding of the kidneys role in acid-base and ion regulation and how this relates to renal diseases such as nephrocalcinosis will have applied relevance for the biologist and aquaculturist alike." 01/01/2023 - "The causative links underlying the pathogenesis and etiology of nephrocalcinosis in teleosts is speculative at best, but acid-base perturbation is probably a central pathophysiological cause. " 06/01/2004 - "VLBW premature infants developing nephrocalcinosis frequently presented with slightly impaired acid-base homoeostasis within the 1st week, followed by signs of impaired mineralization (and immature or impaired renal function) within 2 weeks. " 09/01/1977 - "Induction of nephrocalcinosis in rabbit kidneys after long-term exposure to a streptococcal teichoic acid." 01/01/2018 - "Renal tubular acidosis (RTA) is comprised of a diverse group of congenital or acquired diseases with the common denominator of defective renal acid excretion with protean manifestation, but in adults, recurrent kidney stones and nephrocalcinosis are mainly found in presentation. "
7.	Pamidronate (Aredia)FDA LinkGeneric 07/01/2016 - "Pamidronate use significantly shortens the duration of treatment, and thereby may prevent the development of nephrocalcinosis. " 01/01/2006 - "To prevent nephrocalcinosis, pamidronate might be considered as first line treatment for severe hypercalcemia in SCFN." 02/01/2021 - "To describe the biochemical changes and risk of nephrocalcinosis in infants with hypercalcemia, secondary to neonatal SCFN, treated with initial pamidronate. " 01/01/2018 - "We present a 23-month-old girl with WBS (confirmed with fluorescent in situ hybridization probes) who presented with acute renal failure with severe symptomatic hypercalcemia and nephrocalcinosis, which responded to two infusions of pamidronate." 01/01/2018 - "Acute renal failure due to severe hypercalcemia and nephrocalcinosis treated with two doses of pamidronate in an infant with Williams-Beuren syndrome. "
8.	Vitamin D FDA LinkGeneric 10/01/2022 - "This study aimed to identify factors associated with vitamin D overdose-related nephrocalcinosis in children due to manufacturing errors in supplements. " 03/01/1960 - "A comparative cytochemical and cytologic study of vitamin D induced nephrocalcinosis." 10/01/2022 - "Nephrocalcinosis in children who received high-dose vitamin D." 01/01/2022 - "Vitamin D, bone density, and nephrocalcinosis in preterm infants: a prospective study." 01/01/2021 - "Vitamin D Intoxication and Nephrocalcinosis in a Young Breastfed Infant."
9.	Phosphorus (Red Phosphorus)IBA 07/01/1991 - "Phosphorus-induced nephrocalcinosis in female rats: a study on regression and clinical abnormalities." 01/01/1974 - "[Possible role of excessive phosphorus consumption in the pathogenesis of nephrocalcinosis (an experimental study)]." 01/01/2020 - "Furthermore, FGF23 was involved in the nephrocalcinosis induced by high phosphorus intake partially through FGFR1 signaling." 05/01/2015 - "Serum phosphorus level, but not nephrocalcinosis predicted renal death, independent of renal function. " 11/01/2007 - "High-phosphorus (P) diet induces nephrocalcinosis in rats; however, the mechanism for onset of this disorder is unclear. "
10.	OxalatesIBA 05/01/1996 - "Oxalate nephrocalcinosis: a study in autopsied infants and neonates." 11/18/2023 - "Treatment significantly reduced urine oxalate levels, reduced kidney damage, and alleviated nephrocalcinosis in rats with PH1. " 01/01/2022 - "Despite decreased plasma oxalate levels, persistent normal kidney function, and good tolerance, kidney ultrasound performed after 2 months found nephrocalcinosis, without normalization of urinary oxalate (UOx). " 01/01/2021 - "Indeed, Casp1-/-, Cybb-/- or Casp1-/-/Cybb-/- knockout mice on a 129/C57BL/6J (B6J) background that were fed an oxalate-rich diet for 14 days did neither encounter intrarenal CaOx crystal deposits nor nephrocalcinosis-related CKD. " 11/01/2018 - "The most common forms of crystalline nephropathies (CNs) are nephrocalcinosis and oxalate nephropathy. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Therapeutics 10/01/2011 - "After alkaline therapy, the signs of nephrocalcinosis improved on ultrasound during follow-up. " 12/26/1991 - "However, the efficacy of this treatment has been disputed, and nephrocalcinosis is a recognized complication of therapy. " 04/01/1995 - "Our studies point to a convincing role for the association between nephrocalcinosis, as diagnosed by renal ultrasound examination, and medical therapy." 04/01/2022 - "Details of the nephrocalcinosis gene panel analysed and associated phenotypes are presented to highlight the utility of a phenotype-driven genetic panel in resolving an atypical presentation of nephrocalcinosis, allowing precise diagnosis, tailored therapy and prognostication." 01/01/2021 - "In addition, conventional therapy was associated with the development of medullary nephrocalcinosis in half of the treated patients. "
2.	Parathyroidectomy 02/01/1976 - "Parathyroidectomy is recommended as the treatment of choice when stone deposition or nephrocalcinosis occurs after transplantation. " 01/01/2021 - "Case 2: a 37 years-old woman with PHPT complicated with hypercalcemia and nephrocalcinosis with a novel heterozygous p.(Pro393Arg) CaSR mutation and cured with parathyroidectomy. " 04/28/2022 - "Many adult patients had a history of impaired renal function (9.5%), nephrocalcinosis (15.6%), hyperparathyroidism (15.6%), and parathyroidectomy (6.3%), all of which are associated with conventional XLH treatments. " 12/01/2010 - "Iatrogenic nephrocalcinosis with acute renal failure: an underestimated complication after parathyroidectomy?" 09/01/2010 - "Parathyroidectomy leads to a marked and long-lasting improvement of nephrolithiasis, whereas it has a limited effect on nephrocalcinosis. "
3.	Injections 01/01/2022 - "Nephrocalcinosis improved after 5 injections. " 01/01/2022 - "She received monthly lumasiran (6 mg/kg), with progressive decrease in UOx and substantial improvement in kidney function but stable nephrocalcinosis after 9 injections. " 06/14/2014 - "Severe hypercalcaemia, nephrocalcinosis, and multiple paraffinomas caused by paraffin oil injections in a young bodybuilder." 01/01/1984 - "Age and the development of nephrocalcinosis induced by injections of neutral phosphate in rats." 01/01/1984 - "Animals that were fed a standard commercial laboratory diet and given daily injections of phosphate for six or ten days developed a form of nephrocalcinosis that consisted mainly of intraluminal (intratubular) calcification at the junction of the outer and inner stripes of the outer medulla and in the inner stripe of the outer medulla. "
4.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy) 09/01/1983 - "Nephrocalcinosis due to hyperphosphataemia with hypocalcaemia is a rare cause of ARF during chemotherapy of ALL. " 05/01/1992 - "In all 5 infants with nephrocalcinosis, renal calculi decreased and urine Ca/Cr improved after drug therapy was discontinued. " 06/01/1984 - "The authors report a documented case of hyperphosphatemia-induced nephrocalcinosis after chemotherapy of an acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). " 06/01/2002 - "The potential causes of progressive and severe intrarenal fibrosis, infundibular stenosis and nephrocalcinosis, and renal cysts in this patient may include abnormal renal development secondary to Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome itself, radiation or chemotherapy damage, or a combination."
5.	Oral Administration 03/01/2018 - "Oral administration of oxalate-enriched spinach extract as an improved methodology for the induction of dietary hyperoxaluric nephrocalcinosis in experimental rats." 01/01/2021 - "Chronic hypoparathyroidism managed with conventional treatment, comprising oral administration of calcium and active vitamin D, has been associated with renal complications, including nephrolithiasis and nephrocalcinosis. " 02/01/1988 - "Concurrent investigation of backache and reduced height disclosed markedly reduced radiodensity of the spinal bones, bilateral nephrocalcinosis, and hypercalciuria, which were ascribed to renal tubular acidosis (RTA) demonstrated by reduced urinary excretion of acids and insufficient reduction of urinary pH following oral administration of ammonium chloride. "