Interstitial Nephritis (Tubulointerstitial Nephritis)

Inflammation of the interstitial tissue of the kidney. This term is generally used for primary inflammation of KIDNEY TUBULES and/or surrounding interstitium. For primary inflammation of glomerular interstitium, see GLOMERULONEPHRITIS. Infiltration of the inflammatory cells into the interstitial compartment results in EDEMA, increased spaces between the tubules, and tubular renal dysfunction.

Also Known As:

Networked: 2515 relevant articles (65 outcomes, 103 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Glomerulonephritis
2.	Acute Kidney Injury (Acute Renal Failure)
3.	Proteinuria
4.	Amyloidosis
5.	Pyuria

Experts

1.	Perazella, Mark A: 17 articles (01/2022 - 11/2004)
2.	Kawano, Mitsuhiro: 15 articles (01/2021 - 01/2011)
3.	Saeki, Takako: 14 articles (12/2019 - 06/2007)
4.	Mizushima, Ichiro: 12 articles (01/2021 - 01/2011)
5.	Su, Tao: 11 articles (11/2022 - 04/2010)
6.	Imai, Naofumi: 10 articles (12/2019 - 06/2007)
7.	Yang, Li: 9 articles (06/2022 - 04/2010)
8.	Yamada, Kazunori: 9 articles (01/2021 - 01/2011)
9.	Nishi, Shinichi: 9 articles (01/2015 - 06/2007)
10.	Narita, Ichiei: 8 articles (12/2019 - 01/2010)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Interstitial Nephritis:

1.	SteroidsIBA 06/01/2016 - "Steroids have improved the outcome in most of the cases of interstitial nephritis. " 03/01/2010 - "Although there have been no controlled clinical trials on the efficacy of steroids in acute interstitial nephritis, it should still be considered if improvement is not evident after drug withdrawal." 01/01/2020 - "Concomitant extrarenal immune-related adverse events were associated with worse renal prognosis, whereas concomitant tubulointerstitial nephritis-causing medications and treatment with steroids were each associated with improved renal prognosis. " 04/01/2017 - "Background: There are no prospective randomized controlled trials describing the outcome of acute interstitial nephritis (AIN) treated with steroids, and retrospective studies are limited. " 09/01/2015 - "Drug-induced acute interstitial nephritis: A clinicopathological study and comparative trial of steroid regimens."
2.	Adrenal Cortex Hormones (Corticosteroids)IBA 12/01/2022 - "ICI-AKI most commonly manifests as acute tubulo-interstitial nephritis on kidney biopsy and generally shows a favourable response to early initiation of corticosteroids, with complete or partial remission achieved in most patients. " 12/14/2018 - "Renal biopsy revealed acute granulomatous interstitial nephritis and treatment with systemic corticosteroids was started with marked improvement in renal function." 12/16/2015 - "Since there is no proven treatment for the GIN yet, we can carefully suggest that moderate to high dosage corticosteroid can be helpful for prognosis in case of acute granulomatous interstitial nephritis of patients with AKI." 12/17/2021 - "MMF may be beneficial in the management of corticosteroid-dependent eosinophilic interstitial nephritis by reducing the adverse effects related to high-dose and long-term corticosteroid use." 06/01/2023 - "In case of proven interstitial nephritis, corticosteroids should be initiated. "
3.	GlucocorticoidsIBA 09/01/1988 - "Systemic glucocorticoids have been shown to be beneficial in this type of acute interstitial nephritis." 01/01/2006 - "Although the AIP improved with glucocorticoid treatment, subsequent abdominal computed tomography (CT) revealed a nodular shadow in the bilateral kidneys, which was confirmed as interstitial nephritis by renal biopsy. " 10/01/2014 - "In granulomatous interstitial nephritis, glucocorticoids are the standard of care. " 01/01/1999 - "On the one hand, urinary levels of eotaxin were significantly higher before the initiation of glucocorticoid administration in the patient with interstitial nephritis with marked infiltration of eosinophils. " 06/15/1994 - "Only rarely dialysis or treatment with glucocorticoids is indicated in patients with interstitial nephritis. "
4.	CreatinineIBA 01/01/2023 - "A low BUN/creatinine ratio predicts histologically confirmed acute interstitial nephritis." 01/01/2021 - "Mean serum creatinine was 249.6±164.6 μmol/L, and mean CD4 count was 238 ±210 cells/mL. The commonest histological type was FSGS seen in 20 patients (37.7%), followed by HIVAN seen in 17 (32.1%) patients; chronic interstitial nephritis in 7 patients (13.2%) and 6 (11%) had no significant pathological finding. " 12/01/2019 - "Case report on a 32-year-old female with elevated serum creatinine levels and primary Sjögren's syndrome-chronic interstitial nephritis." 08/20/2019 - "Eight (25.8%) cats with non-ICGN had chronic interstitial nephritis (CIN) grade 1, 13 (41.9%) grade 2 and 10 (32.3%) grade 3; creatinine and UPC ratio increased with CIN grades (p = 0.001, p < 0.001). " 01/01/2019 - "The patient underwent kidney biopsy for elevated creatinine with clinical suspicion of drug-induced interstitial nephritis. "
5.	TinIBA 01/01/2022 - "Aim of the study was to assess RRI in biopsy-proven tubulointerstitial nephritis (TIN) in patients with and without glomerular disease. " 01/01/2016 - "Historically, tubule - interstitial nephritis(TIN) is considered the main renal feature of renal lesions, however recent studies extend the spectrum of renal lesions also to glomerular tuft. " 07/01/2012 - "In the present study, we attempted to clarify the light-microscopic characteristics of IgG4-related tubulointerstitial nephritis (TIN) to facilitate distinction from non-IgG4-related TIN in specimens obtained by renal biopsy using routine staining. " 08/01/1995 - "Studies in experimental models and human cases provide compelling evidence for immune mechanisms of tubulo-interstitial nephropathy (TIN) or tubulo-interstitial nephritis. " 10/01/2023 - "Renal biopsy demonstrated tubulointerstitial nephritis (TIN) with 30 IgG4-positive plasma cells per HPF. "
6.	Antigen-Antibody Complex (Immune Complex)IBA 04/01/1982 - "The process of rapid clearance of tubulointerstitial immune complexes may allow rapid reversibility of immune injury in tubulointerstitial nephritis." 01/01/2023 - "Clinical significance of kidney immune complex deposition in children with acute interstitial nephritis disease." 11/01/2018 - "This is a unique case that is not consistent with any known disease entities with immune complex-mediated tubulointerstitial nephritis. ." 11/01/2018 - "Idiopathic immune complex-mediated tubulointerstitial nephritis with hypocomplementemia and neutrophil-rich interstitial infiltrates ." 09/01/2015 - "It may affect renal function either as epithelial disease causing tubulointerstitial nephritis or as an immune complex-mediated glomerulopathy. "
7.	Proteins (Proteins, Gene)FDA Link 05/01/2023 - "However, toxicological signs in behavior, very mild interstitial nephritis, as well as significant variation in platelet count and total protein parameters were observed at a dose of 30,000 mg/kg/day in the 28-day oral toxicity study. " 01/01/2021 - "Finally, renal biopsies from patients with chronic tubulointerstitial nephritis manifested similar expression patterns of circHIPK3, miR-30a, and profibrotic proteins, such as TGF-β1, FN, and COL1 as observed in the experimental model. " 09/01/2016 - "This methodology was useful for identifying the proteins responsible for creating unique bands on CAME in a urine sample of a patient with drug-induced interstitial nephritis. " 08/01/2016 - "(2) Histological changes: with the formation of crescent in 10 cases, diffuse endocapillary proliferation in 5 cases, 15 cases had renal tubular injury, 10 cases had red blood cell and protein cast, 1 case with acute interstitial nephritis. " 10/01/2015 - "The bumpy lumpy kidney that dumped protein: granulomatous glomerular and tubulointerstitial nephritis."
8.	Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibodies (ANCA)IBA 01/01/2007 - "It would be beneficial for SS patients who have positive ANCA to investigate extraglandular lesions such as interstitial nephritis." 01/01/2023 - "Therefore, the patient was diagnosed with nephrogenic DI likely owing to ANCA-associated tubulointerstitial nephritis. " 01/01/2014 - "We performed immunohistochemistry for tetraspanin-8 on human renal biopsy specimens associated with IgAN, antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated nephropathy and interstitial nephritis, as well as normal renal tissue. " 09/01/2013 - "Acute tubulo-interstitial nephritis with positive anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies." 01/01/2008 - "Kidney biopsy revealed ANCA-mediated focal GN with 10% crescents and acute interstitial nephritis. "
9.	Gallium-67IBA 03/01/2023 - "This study confirmed the diagnostic value and potential usefulness of gallium-67 scintigraphy for evaluating interstitial nephritis." 03/01/2023 - "The renal uptake of gallium-67 was the highest among patients with interstitial nephritis. " 03/01/2023 - "We aimed to analyze the relationship between the renal uptake of gallium-67 and the disease activity in interstitial nephritis. " 03/01/2023 - "Gallium-67 scintigraphy is reportedly useful for diagnosing interstitial nephritis; however, its ability to assess disease activity remains unknown. " 03/01/2023 - "Usefulness of gallium-67 scintigraphy for evaluating the histopathological activity in interstitial nephritis."
10.	Mycophenolic Acid (Cellcept)FDA LinkGeneric 07/01/2006 - "Is mycophenolate mofetil a new treatment option in acute interstitial nephritis?" 10/01/2017 - "Tubulointerstitial Nephritis in Sjögren Syndrome Treated With Mycophenolate Mofetil." 07/01/2006 - "Mycophenolate mofetil for the treatment of interstitial nephritis." 04/01/2014 - "Idiopathic granulomatous interstitial nephritis responsive to mycophenolate mofetil therapy." 02/01/2012 - "We infer from our case that mycophenolate mofetil can be effective in the control of simultaneous autoimmune pancreatitis and interstitial nephritis."

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Therapeutics 03/01/2020 - "A plethora of observational pharmacoepidemiological studies link PPI therapy to the development of acute interstitial nephritis (AIN). " 01/01/2020 - "Acute Interstitial Nephritis and Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy: Single Center Experience of Management and Drug Rechallenge." 01/01/2019 - "Three patients discontinued therapy due to immune-related adverse events: 2 with transaminitis and 1 due to tubulointerstitial nephritis. " 01/01/2019 - "For example, acute interstitial nephritis (AIN) requires withdrawal of the offending drug and immunosuppressive therapy, while acute tubular injury (ATI) does not have any disease-specific therapies. " 01/01/2019 - "Thus, clinicians must exert caution when rechallenging patients with pre-existing renal disease with ICI therapy in the event of a prior AKI from ICI-related allergic interstitial nephritis."
2.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy) 09/01/1998 - "Tubulointerstitial nephritis may be more common and is most likely linked to drug therapy. " 10/01/2013 - "Tubulointerstitial nephritis and cancer chemotherapy: update on a neglected clinical entity." 01/01/2002 - "Acute interstitial nephritis (AIN) is often induced by drug therapy and accounts for 1%-3% of adult cases of renal failure. " 09/01/1988 - "Acute interstitial nephritis is a common renal syndrome that may be associated with a variety of infections and drug therapies or may develop without an identified cause. " 03/01/1984 - "Also discussed is a probable association of acute interstitial nephritis with chemotherapy or miliary tuberculosis. "
3.	Protein-Restricted Diet (Diet, Protein Restricted) 08/01/1995 - "It is acceptable that protein-restricted diet be applied to idiopathic chronic tubulointerstitial nephritis although its effects on the disease still remain equivocal." 11/17/1984 - "When a low protein diet was given for six months renal function improved significantly in nine patients with chronic tubulointerstitial nephritis (p less than 0.025); the diet had a marginally beneficial effect in 12 patients with chronic glomerulonephritis (p less than 0.05) and no effect in nine with hypertensive nephrosclerosis. " 11/01/1985 - "It was concluded that low protein diet significantly ameliorates diabetic glomerulopathy but that supplementation with inorganic phosphate in an amount equal to organic phosphate contained in the higher protein diet causes medullary calcification and interstitial nephritis. "
4.	Renal Dialysis (Hemodialysis) 01/01/2015 - "A 66-year-old Japanese man was diagnosed with interstitial nephritis on a renal biopsy at 45 years of age and began to receive hemodialysis at 65 years of age. " 12/10/2012 - "[Case report; A case of IgG4-related tubulointerstitial nephritis diagnosed after the beginning of hemodialysis treatment]." 01/01/1997 - "In the hemodialysis-treated ARF group 12 patients (29.77%) had interstitial nephritis and 2 patients (5.13%) presented with renal impairment for an unspecified period of time preceding the development of overt ARF. " 12/06/1986 - "Renal histology of 5 patients showed acute interstitial nephritis in one and diffuse sclerosing interstitial nephritis in a second patient, whose biopsy was obtained after 3 months' hemodialysis treatment. " 01/01/2010 - "This case showed severe tubulointerstitial nephritis requiring hemodialysis after a cure for autoimmune pancreatitis. "
5.	Conservative Treatment 09/01/2023 - "Renal biopsy confirmed drug-induced interstitial nephritis, and conservative treatment with fluid replacement and the discontinuation of 5-ASA improved the patient's condition. " 12/01/2008 - "This article describes the conservative management of a case of flucloxacillin induced acute renal failure, and reviews the available evidence on the treatment of drug induced acute interstitial nephritis, including the use of corticosteroids. "