Muscle Cramp (Cramp)

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776 relevant articles (77 outcomes, 73 trials/studies) found for this Disease

Description: A sustained and usually painful contraction of muscle fibers. This may occur as an isolated phenomenon or as a manifestation of an underlying disease process (e.g., UREMIA; HYPOTHYROIDISM; MOTOR NEURON DISEASE; etc.). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1398)

Also Known As:

Cramp; Cramps; Cramp, Muscle; Muscle Cramps; Muscular Cramp; Cramp, Limb; Cramp, Muscular; Cramps, Limb; Cramps, Muscle; Cramps, Muscular; Limb Cramps; Muscular Cramps; Limb Cramp

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Musculoskeletal Diseases: 83

Muscular Diseases: 4129

Muscle Cramp: 776

Nervous System Diseases: 3405

Neurologic Manifestations: 2874

Neuromuscular Manifestations: 11

Muscle Cramp: 776

Signs and Symptoms Pathological Conditions

Signs and Symptoms

Neurologic Manifestations: 2874

Neuromuscular Manifestations: 11

Muscle Cramp: 776

Related Diseases

1.	Pain (Aches)
2.	Muscle Cramp (Cramp)
3.	Hypotension (Low Blood Pressure)
4.	Headache (Headaches)
5.	Spasm (Spasms)
254 Diseases and 441 more articles analyzed in the Full Patient-Physician Summary Report, order at left...

Experts

1.	Hidai, Hideo: 2 articles (01/2006 - 02/2002)
2.	Taira, Takayasu: 2 articles (01/2006 - 02/2002)
3.	Yamamoto, Sumiko: 2 articles (01/2006 - 02/2002)
4.	Sakai, Tadasu: 2 articles (01/2006 - 02/2002)
5.	Uchida, Toyoaki: 2 articles (01/2006 - 02/2002)
6.	Baba, Shiro: 2 articles (01/2006 - 02/2002)
7.	Yoshida, Kazunari: 2 articles (01/2006 - 02/2002)
8.	Manousou, P: 1 article (09/2008)
9.	Xirouchakis, I: 1 article (09/2008)
10.	Corbani, A: 1 article (09/2008)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Muscle Cramp:

1.	Quinine (Quinson)FDA Link 06/01/1995 - "Most patients consider quinine beneficial for their leg cramps, which is difficult to refute by scientific data" 01/07/1995 - "Treatment with quinine resulted in a significant reduction in the number of cramps for a four week period compared with placebo (8.83 fewer cramps; 95% confidence interval 4.16 to 13.49)" 05/01/1993 - "During the 2 weeks patients used quinine, there was no statistically significant reduction in mean leg cramp number (quinine 3.5 vs placebo 4.2, P = 0.48), mean leg cramp duration (quinine 152 seconds vs placebo 163 seconds, P = 0.89), or patient ratings of severity using a 1 (low) to 10 (high) scale (quinine = 4.2 vs placebo = 4.0, P = 0.83)" 06/01/1995 - "Is quinine effective and safe in leg cramps?" 08/01/2004 - "There is conflicting evidence for the efficacy of quinine for leg cramps in randomised controlled studies, however, meta-analysis of these studies suggests some benefit" Get all the results and reference details, order at left...
2.	Carnitine (L-Carnitine)FDA LinkGeneric 04/01/2003 - "Therapeutic administration of carnitine shows promise in treating selected groups of patients who have altered carnitine homeostasis, resulting in improved cardiac function, increased exercise capacity, reduced muscle cramps, and reduced intradialytic complications." 11/01/2008 - "BACKGROUND: L-Carnitine is an endogenous compound thought to be helpful in treating patients with dialysis-related hypotension and muscle cramps; however, sufficient evidence for these indications is lacking" 11/01/2008 - "Effects of L-carnitine on dialysis-related hypotension and muscle cramps: a meta-analysis." 10/01/1983 - "After L-carnitine treatment the blood and muscle levels of the metabolite increased simultaneously to reduced asthenia and cramps" 08/01/1977 - "A 16-year-old boy with a two-year history of recurrent attacks of myalgia, muscle cramps without weakness, and myoglobinuria was shown to have a deficiency in muscle carnitine palmityltransferase" Get all the results and reference details, order at left...
3.	SodiumIBA 09/01/2001 - "Further advantages of sodium profiling are a reduction in the incidence of muscle cramps, improved sodium removal, and improved vascular stability" 12/01/2005 - "These data indicate that sweat sodium losses were comparatively larger in cramp-prone football players than in NC" 08/01/2004 - "The immediate post-race serum sodium concentration was significantly lower (p = 0.004) in the cramp group (mean (SD), 139.8 (3.1) mmol/l) than in the control group (142.3 (2.1) mmol/l)" 01/01/1995 - "All patients showed drowsiness or torpor during the low sodium PET and one had cramps" 03/01/1977 - "The effect of increasing dialyzate sodium concentration from 130 to 136 mmoles/l on the incidence of muscle cramps in patients on regular dialysis treatment is assessed" Get all the results and reference details, order at left...
4.	MagnesiumIBA 05/01/1983 - "Muscle cramps during pregnancy do not have to be considered a risk factor; they can be significantly improved by the administration of oral magnesium." 02/01/2005 - "CONCLUSIONS: Owing to a higher dietary magnesium intake confirmed by higher urinary magnesium excretion, habitual plant-based diets result in a slightly improved magnesium status during pregnancy and reduce the frequency of calf cramps during the third trimester of pregnancy compared to an average Western diet" 01/01/1984 - "Leg cramps in one patient improved after the magnesium infusion." 11/01/2008 - "CONCLUSIONS: No significant effect on frequency or intensity of leg cramps in pregnant women of magnesium treatment with 360mg daily could be detected in this trial." 11/01/2008 - "Does oral magnesium substitution relieve pregnancy-induced leg cramps?" Get all the results and reference details, order at left...
5.	Acetaminophen (Paracetamol)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/1991 - "The efficacy of naproxen and paracetamol in relieving uterine cramps has been compared in a sequential trial" 01/01/1985 - "The Duncan's Multiple Range Test for pain of cramps showed that the average pain for the placebo group was higher than for either the aspirin or the acetaminophen group, although the means for these two groups were not significantly different" 01/01/1984 - "Neither analgesic showed a significant reduction in pain due to headache or cramps, although acetaminophen appeared to be slightly more effective than aspirin in reducing menstrual cramps." 01/01/1985 - "Effect of small doses of aspirin and acetaminophen on total menstrual loss and pain of cramps and headache." 01/01/1984 - "Two commonly taken over-the-counter analgesics, aspirin and acetaminophen, were compared for: effect on total menstrual loss, effect on total days of menstruation, and effect in reduction of pain due to headaches and/or menstrual cramps" Get all the results and reference details, order at left...
6.	hydroquinidine (dihydroquinidine)IBA 02/22/1997 - "INTERPRETATION: In our study, 300 mg hydroquinine was safe to take in the short-term and significantly more effective than placebo in the prevention of frequent, ordinary muscle cramps" 04/01/1994 - "In this study a daily dose of 300 mg hydroquinine hydrobromide was effective in preventing frequent ordinary muscle cramp in healthy female volunteers" 04/01/1994 - "In order to compare the efficacy of a daily dose of 300 mg hydroquinine hydrobromide and placebo in preventing frequent ordinary muscle cramp, we designed a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of three consecutive 2-week periods viz" 04/01/1994 - "Efficacy of hydroquinine in preventing frequent ordinary muscle cramp outlasts actual administration." 06/01/2000 - "OBJECTIVE: This study was conducted to determine the pharmacokinetic properties of hydroquinine after oral administration in adult patients with muscle cramps" Get all the results and reference details, order at left...
7.	Glucose (Dextrose)FDA LinkGeneric 06/01/1979 - "Hypertonic glucose seems to be safe and effective for the relief of dialysis-induced cramps" 02/01/1981 - "Hypertonic dextrose (50% dextrose in water [D50W]) has been studied as a therapeutic agent to relieve dialysis-related muscle cramps (DMCs)" 02/01/1981 - "Treatment of dialysis-related muscle cramps with hypertonic dextrose." 06/01/1979 - "Of a total of 44 episodes of cramps, 26 were treated with hypertonic glucose and 18 with normal saline" 09/01/1982 - "Osmotically similar concentrations of dextrose and NaCl were shown to be equally effective in providing relief of hemodialysis-related muscle cramps; both were superior to 5% dextrose." Get all the results and reference details, order at left...
8.	VitaminsIBA 12/01/1998 - "After 3 months, 86% of the patients taking vitamin B had prominent remission of leg cramps, whereas those taking placebo had no significant difference from baseline" 07/01/2001 - "CONCLUSION: Short-term treatment with the combination of vitamins E and C is safe and effective in reducing HD cramps; however, its safety for prolonged therapy has yet to be evaluated in HD patients." 07/01/2001 - "At the end of the trial, vitamins E, C, their combination, and placebo produced cramp reductions of 54, 61, 97 and 7%, respectively" 07/01/2001 - "RESULTS: The frequency and intensity of HD cramps decreased significantly in all three vitamin groups compared with the placebo group at the end of the trial, and compared with the pre-treatment values" 07/01/2001 - "A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of supplementary vitamins E, C and their combination for treatment of haemodialysis cramps." Get all the results and reference details, order at left...
9.	shakuyaku-kanzoh-tohIBA 01/01/2003 - "Taken together, we suggest that administration of Shakuyaku-kanzo-to is a safe, effective treatment for preventing muscle cramps in patients undergoing HD." 01/01/2003 - "Skeletal muscle cramps completely disappeared in two of the treated patients after the start of oral administration of Shakuyaku-kanzo-to" 01/01/2003 - "To determine whether this medicine is able to prevent frequent and unendurable muscle cramps in patients undergoing HD, Shakuyaku-kanzo-to at 6 g per day was prospectively administered for 4 weeks to five patients on HD who were suffering from frequent muscle cramps" 01/01/2003 - "Effect of orally administered shao-yao-gan-cao-tang (Shakuyaku-kanzo-to) on muscle cramps in maintenance hemodialysis patients: a preliminary study." 01/01/2006 - "We administered 2.5 g of Shakuyaku-kanzo-to granule to 61 patients who had muscle cramp during hemodialysis (HD) sessions and examined its immediate effects" Get all the results and reference details, order at left...
10.	Naproxen (Naprosyn)FDA LinkGeneric 09/01/1983 - "The verbal rating scales showed that naproxen significantly reduced backache 30 min after curettage, and cramp immediately after the procedure and 30 and 60 min later but did not reduce the severity of the pain associated with the procedure." 03/01/1983 - "Symptomatically, naproxen sodium was most effective in alleviating severe menstrual cramps but had little effect on mild cramps" 01/01/1991 - "The efficacy of naproxen and paracetamol in relieving uterine cramps has been compared in a sequential trial" Get all the results and reference details, order at left...
449 Drugs and Important Bio-Agents and 691 more articles analyzed in the Full Patient-Physician Summary Report, order at left...

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Renal Dialysis (Hemodialysis) 09/01/1982 - "A double blind controlled trial of acute therapy for hemodialysis-related muscle cramps was undertaken" 09/01/2007 - "We review the causes and consequences of hemodialysis-associated cramps, and discuss possible preventive measures and treatments." 09/01/2007 - "Hemodialysis patients are susceptible to muscle cramps, both during dialysis sessions as well as in the interdialytic interval" 09/01/2002 - "CONCLUSIONS: PAD was common in hemodialysis patients, but there was no association between the presence of PAD and the prevalence of intradialytic muscle cramps." 11/01/2001 - "These data suggest that plasma refilling during HD to preserve central blood volume is more dynamic from the leg ECF than from elsewhere and may, in turn, explain the frequent occurrence of leg cramps during and after hemodialysis." Get all the results and reference details, order at left...
2.	Aftercare (After-Treatment) 09/01/1993 - "Number of evaluations, cramps and consistency of stools, have been evaluated before and after treatment" 07/01/2006 - "RESULTS: The menstrual cramps were significantly lowered in the aromatherapy group than in the other two groups at both post-test time points (first and second day of menstruation after treatment)" 05/30/2004 - "Symptoms as pain, heaviness of the leg, muscle cramps, improved significantly (p < 0.001) after treatment" 02/01/2005 - "RESULTS: After treatment, there was a reduction in pain/muscle cramps, associated with decreased strength-duration time constants (P=0.01), increased rheobasic currents (P=0.06), and lower refractoriness (P=0.02), all of which were consistent with reduced nodal Na+ currents" 06/15/2000 - "The weakness began one week earlier, shortly after treatment for leg cramps and two days before the rash appeared" Get all the results and reference details, order at left...
3.	Episiotomy 01/01/1984 - "Results were the same for both uterine cramp and episiotomy pain" 10/01/1980 - "In the magnitude of the response some experimenters have found differences between uterine cramp and episiotomy pain, but these have not been consistently reproduced by others." 07/01/1985 - "In addition to analyzing the data from all patients, the subsets with episiotomy/cesarean section pain and uterine cramp pain were examined separately" 03/01/1988 - "Physical concerns included breast soreness, nipple pain and blisters, uterine bleeding and cramps, episiotomy pain, muscle pain, and hemorrhoids" 05/01/1981 - "In their ability to distinguish codeine from placebo, patients with uterine cramp, episiotomy, or surgical pain did not appear to differ." Get all the results and reference details, order at left...
4.	Aromatherapy 07/01/2006 - "CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that aromatherapy using topically applied lavender, clary sage, and rose is effective in decreasing the severity of menstrual cramps" 07/01/2006 - "RESULTS: The menstrual cramps were significantly lowered in the aromatherapy group than in the other two groups at both post-test time points (first and second day of menstruation after treatment)" 07/01/2006 - "OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of aromatherapy on menstrual cramps and symptoms of dysmenorrhea" 07/01/2006 - "From the multiple regression aromatherapy was found to be associated with the changes in menstrual cramp levels (first day: Beta = -2.48, 95% CI: -3.68 to -1.29, p < 0.001; second day: Beta = -1.97, 95% CI: -3.66 to -0.29, p = 0.02 and the severity of dysmenorrhea (first day: Beta = 0.31, 95% CI: 0.05 to 0.57, p = 0.02; second day: Beta = 0.33, 95% CI: 0.10 to 0.56, p = 0.006) than that found in the other two groups" 07/01/2006 - "Aromatherapy can be offered as part of the nursing care to women experiencing menstrual cramps or dysmenorrhea." Get all the results and reference details, order at left...
5.	Massage (Reflexology) 12/01/2005 - "CONCLUSION: Abdominal meridian(Kyongrak) massage was very effective for relief of menstrual cramps and dysmenorrhea" 12/01/2005 - "PURPOSE: This study was designed to examine the effects of abdominal meridian(Kyongrak) massage on menstrual cramps and dysmenorrhea" 12/01/2005 - "Therefore, we suggest that abdominal Kyongrak massage can be a useful nursing intervention for women with menstrual cramps or dysmenorrhea." 12/01/2005 - "RESULT: Menstrual cramps and dysmenorrhea of the experimental group were significantly lower after abdominal meridian massage than those of the control group (p<.001)" 12/01/2005 - "The effects of abdominal meridian massage on menstrual cramps and dysmenorrhea in full-time employed women]" Get all the results and reference details, order at left...
60 Therapies and Procedures and 148 more articles analyzed in the Full Patient-Physician Summary Report, order at left...

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