Mucormycosis

Infection in humans and animals caused by any fungus in the order MUCORALES (e.g., RHIZOPUS; MUCOR; CUNNINGHAMELLA; APOPHYSOMYCES; ABSIDIA; SAKSENAEA and RHIZOMUCOR) There are many clinical types associated with infection including central nervous system, lung, gastrointestinal tract, skin, orbit and paranasal sinuses. In humans, it usually occurs as an OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTION.

Also Known As:

Networked: 1758 relevant articles (114 outcomes, 128 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Aspergillosis
2.	Infections
3.	COVID-19
4.	Mycoses (Diseases, Fungus)
5.	Acute Myeloid Leukemia (Acute Myelogenous Leukemia)

Experts

1.	Ibrahim, Ashraf S: 45 articles (04/2021 - 06/2004)
2.	Kontoyiannis, Dimitrios P: 43 articles (02/2022 - 06/2009)
3.	Gebremariam, Teclegiorgis: 24 articles (04/2021 - 04/2008)
4.	Edwards, John E: 19 articles (01/2021 - 06/2004)
5.	Spellberg, Brad: 19 articles (08/2012 - 06/2004)
6.	Walsh, Thomas J: 18 articles (01/2021 - 06/2009)
7.	Cornely, Oliver A: 14 articles (03/2022 - 08/2013)
8.	Roilides, Emmanuel: 14 articles (08/2021 - 09/2011)
9.	Filler, Scott G: 14 articles (04/2021 - 08/2008)
10.	Chakrabarti, Arunaloke: 13 articles (08/2022 - 07/2013)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Mucormycosis:

1.	Amphotericin B (Amphotericin)FDA LinkGeneric 03/30/2022 - "Pulmonary, rhino-orbito-cerebral, and invasive mucormycosis are most effectively treated with amphotericin B (AmB) and particularly with liposomal formulations (e.g., AmBisome®). " 03/01/1997 - "We present two cases of pulmonary mucormycosis in diabetic renal allograft recipients who were treated successfully with amphotericin B and surgical resection of the lesions with preservation of their allograft function. " 03/01/1994 - "We report a case of paranasal mucormycosis treated successfully with endoscopic nasosinusal surgery and amphotericin B." 04/29/2018 - "This outcome is promising for patients with invasive mucormycosis who are either intolerant to amphotericin B or do not respond favorably to it." 08/01/2023 - "Treatment of pulmonary mucormycosis with adjunctive nebulized amphotericin B (MUCONAB trial): Results of an open-label randomized controlled trial."
2.	posaconazoleFDA Link 01/01/2013 - "Rhino-orbital Mucormycosis Treated Successfully with Posaconazole without Exenteration." 11/14/2021 - "Pulmonary mucormycosis is a life-threatening condition and posaconazole is an effective treatment for pulmonary mucormycosis caused by Rhizopus microspores." 02/12/2021 - "This case demonstrates that posaconazole monotherapy combined with bronchoscopy interventions may be a safe and effective treatment option for pediatric pulmonary mucormycosis." 12/01/2012 - "This is the first report of the safe and effective use of posaconazole for the treatment of mucormycosis in a cirrhotic patient." 11/01/2022 - "For mucormycosis patients, multivariate analysis revealed that posaconazole use was associated with lower in-hospital mortality (aOR 0.38; 95% CI 0.15-0.97; p = .04). "
3.	liposomal amphotericin BFDA Link 04/01/2021 - "Currently, there are international guidelines, not only local ones, for the management of mucormycosis, in which it is considered by consensus and with a strong recommendation that first-line treatment with high-dose liposomal amphotericin B is the best choice. " 01/01/2012 - "Pediatric invasive mucormycosis cured with high dose liposomal amphotericin B." 11/01/2006 - "Monotherapy with high-dose liposomal amphotericin B successfully eradicated the mucormycosis. " 01/01/2021 - "We used an immunosuppressed mouse model of pulmonary mucormycosis to compare the efficacy of L-AMB/isavuconazonium sulphate versus either drug alone. " 02/01/2014 - "We evaluated the efficacy of inhaled aerosolized L-AMB in murine invasive pulmonary mucormycosis. "
4.	isavuconazoleIBA 01/01/2017 - "We wanted to determine the efficacy of isavuconazole in treating murine mucormycosis caused by Mucor, the second most common cause of the disease. " 01/01/2017 - "Isavuconazole is effective in treating pulmonary murine mucormycosis due to Mucor. " 03/01/2016 - "Isavuconazole (Cresemba), a newly approved antifungal, is safe and clinically effective in treating invasive mucormycosis. " 11/01/2016 - "In addition, the single-arm, phase III VITAL trial and a matched case-control analysis of isavuconazole- versus amphotericin B-treated patients provided evidence of the efficacy of isavuconazole in the treatment of mucormycosis. " 02/01/2019 - "However, further studies are necessary to confirm positive impact of isavuconazole on mucormycosis treatment in children."
5.	IronIBA 12/01/2011 - "Recent evidence suggests a critical role for iron metabolism and fungal-endothelial cell interactions in pathogenesis of mucormycosis, and holds promise for development of novel therapeutic strategies. " 04/01/2022 - "Association of Serum Iron Studies in COVID Associated Mucormycosis with Stage of the Disease." 11/01/2010 - "Additional study is required of the potential for abrogation of iron acquisition as adjunctive treatment of mucormycosis. " 08/06/2022 - "In the present review, we focus on mucormycosis incidence, pathophysiology, risk factors, immune dysfunction, interactions of Mucorales with endothelial cells, and the possible role of iron in Mucorales growth. " 01/20/2022 - "The prime susceptive reason for the increase of mucormycosis cases is elevated iron levels in the serum of the COVID survivors. "
6.	DeferasiroxFDA Link 03/01/2012 - "Deferasirox in mucormycosis: hopefully, not defeated." 03/01/2012 - "Patients with mucormycosis treated with deferasirox had a higher mortality rate at 90 days. " 03/01/2012 - "Twenty patients with proven or probable mucormycosis were randomized to receive treatment with LAmB plus deferasirox (20 mg/kg/day for 14 days) or LAmB plus placebo (NCT00419770, clinicaltrials.gov). " 09/01/2007 - "Deferasirox treatment also enhanced the host inflammatory response to mucormycosis. " 03/01/2012 - "The results were disappointing as patients treated with deferasirox had a higher mortality rate at 90 days, leading the authors to conclude that the data did not support a role for initial, adjunctive deferasirox therapy for mucormycosis. "
7.	TriazolesIBA 01/01/2021 - "Drug repurposing of triazoles against mucormycosis using molecular docking: A short communication." 01/01/2016 - "It is the first novel triazole agent recently approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of both IA and mucormycosis. " 01/01/2020 - "Additional studies are required to assess the optimal duration of therapy as well as the specific roles of LFAB and the triazoles in the treatment of mucormycosis." 03/01/2023 - "Newer triazole isavuconazole is also found effective against mucormycosis. " 02/01/1994 - "Treatment of murine pulmonary mucormycosis with SCH 42427, a broad-spectrum triazole antifungal drug."
8.	Voriconazole (Vfend)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/2020 - "These results were driven by a lack of efficacy of voriconazole in mucormycosis. " 07/01/2011 - "Although clinical studies and pre-clinical animal models have suggested a unique predisposition for breakthrough mucormycoses in patients receiving voriconazole, no study has specifically evaluated the selection dynamics of various Aspergillus -active antifungal classes in vivo. " 09/01/2020 - "Fatal Disseminated Mucormycosis in a Hematological Immunocompromised Patient with Extensive Voriconazole Exposure: A Case Report and Review of the Literature." 01/08/2019 - "In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation of Voriconazole-Containing Antifungal Combinations against Mucorales Using a Galleria mellonella Model of Mucormycosis." 07/01/2011 - "Development of mucormycosis in those cases who were under voriconazole prophylaxis, deserves attention. "
9.	VaccinesIBA 01/01/2023 - "Although the wet-lab based experimental validation of designed vaccines is required before testing in the preclinical model, the current study will significantly help in reducing the cost of experimentation as well as improving the efficacy of vaccine therapy against mucormycosis and other pathogenic diseases.Communicated" 01/01/2009 - "We created a model to estimate the cost-efficacy of a niche, anti-mucormycosis vaccine deployed in a targeted manner to high-risk patients. " 11/04/2021 - "Here, we demonstrate the approach of potential vaccine construction and assessment through computational tools, and to the best of our knowledge, this is the first study of a proposed vaccine against mucormycosis based on the immunoinformatics approach." 07/01/2023 - "Fifty percent agreed that a vaccine for COVID can prevent mucormycosis. " 01/01/2023 - "Currently, there is no vaccine available in the market for mucormycosis that urgently needs to develop a potential vaccine against mucormycosis with high efficacy. "
10.	LipidsIBA 04/01/2022 - "The study showed statistically significant correlation such that severity of mucormycosis increased with progressive worsening lipid parameters. " 04/01/2022 - "Thus present study aims to estimate the lipid parameters and correlate the serum lipid parameters with clinical profile, stage of the disease and duration of onset of mucormycosis in patients with COVID associated Mucormycosis. " 01/15/2023 - "Lipid formulations of AmB have become the standard treatment for mucormycosis due to their greater safety and efficacy. " 04/01/2022 - "The correlation of lipid levels with clinical profile, onset and staging of mucormycosis patients were obtained. " 04/01/2022 - "The study showed a positive correlation between serum lipid profile and staging of mucormycosis and negative correlation between lipid levels with duration between onset of COVID 19 to onset of mucormycosis. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Therapeutics 04/01/2022 - "A high index of suspicion, early cross-sectional imaging, prompt institution of antifungal therapy, and aggressive surgical extirpation are very important for achieving good outcomes in patients of primary renal mucormycosis." 03/01/2015 - "We describe a case of cutaneous mucormycosis caused by Rhizopus oryzae in a patient with multiple risk factors cured with complete surgical excision and a short course of antifungal therapy. " 10/01/2014 - "Successful therapy of progressive rhino-orbital mucormycosis caused by Rhizopus arrhizus with combined and sequential antifungal therapy, surgery and hyperbaric therapy." 01/01/2023 - "This case aims to emphasize the importance of utilizing mNGS and CEUS for the timely diagnosis of mucormycosis to help clinicians identify splenic mucormycosis and initiate appropriate therapy as soon as possible to improve therapeutic efficacy and prognosis." 12/01/2023 - "Since systematic antifungals for mucormycosis showed variable MICs depending on strains, effective and safe antifungal therapy was still needed. "
2.	Debridement 08/24/2023 - "Considerable improvement was seen in QOL with the fabrication of surgical obturators in participants who had received maxillectomy/debridement for mucormycosis. " 04/01/2023 - "Extensive surgical debridement along with sequential antifungal drug treatment improved the survival in mucormycosis patients. " 07/01/2016 - "Surgical debridement is a primary predictor of improved outcomes in the treatment of mucormycosis [3,6,7]. " 03/01/2023 - "Participants: Microbiologically and histologically proven cases of mucormycosis who underwent surgical debridement were included in the study. " 07/01/2021 - "Our study highlights that good clinical outcome can be achieved in invasive mucormycosis provided prompt treatment is instituted with aggressive surgical debridement and antifungal medication."
3.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy) 07/01/2016 - "Subsequent chemotherapy was ineffective, and then, while in non-complete remission, he developed pulmonary and cerebral mucormycosis. " 09/01/2023 - "We present a case of invasive gastrointestinal mucormycosis in a patient who underwent recent chemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplant. " 03/01/2022 - "Thirty patients diagnosed with mucormycosis involving sinonasal, rhino-orbital, or rhino-orbito-cerebral regions and receiving only LAmB as pharmacotherapy were included in our retrospective study from 2017 to 2020. " 01/01/2020 - "Paediatric mucormycosis: tailoring surgical strategies to compliment antifungal chemotherapy. " 03/01/2019 - "Treatment of cerebral mucormycosis with drug therapy alone: A case report."
4.	Salvage Therapy 07/01/2019 - "Although it is still debated, it can be considered an option for salvage treatment in children with non-responding mucormycosis, despite lack of standard dosage in pediatric patients." 12/01/2011 - "To date, PCZ has been mostly used for salvage therapy and at present there is no strong published clinical evidence to support its role as a single agent in the treatment of mucormycosis. " 01/01/2022 - "Two Cases of Post-Traumatic Mucormycosis due to Mucor circinelloides: Salvage Therapy with a Combination of Adjunctive Therapies." 01/01/2023 - "Successful treatment of pulmonary mucormycosis (Lichtheimia spp.) in a post-partum patient with COVID-19 ARDS requiring extra-corporeal membrane oxygenation using salvage therapy." 01/01/2023 - "We outline current recommendations for salvage therapy including PK/PD considerations as well as elucidate possible future treatment options for invasive aspergillosis and mucormycosis."
5.	Bone Marrow Transplantation (Transplantation, Bone Marrow) 01/01/1992 - "Rhizopus oryzae was the causative organism in a fatal case of rhinocerebral and then pulmonary mucormycosis in a patient cured of her underlying leukaemia by bone marrow transplantation. " 05/01/2022 - "Invasive Mucormycosis Involving the Laryngopharynx After Bone Marrow Transplantation." 06/15/2018 - "Mucormycosis is responsible for an increasing proportion of deaths after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. " 07/01/2012 - "Cutaneous mucormycosis in bone marrow transplantation recipients." 12/01/2010 - "Successful resection of localized pulmonary mucormycosis after bone marrow transplantation using a virtual 3-dimensional pulmonary model on a personal computer."