Methemoglobinemia

The presence of methemoglobin in the blood, resulting in cyanosis. A small amount of methemoglobin is present in the blood normally, but injury or toxic agents convert a larger proportion of hemoglobin into methemoglobin, which does not function reversibly as an oxygen carrier. Methemoglobinemia may be due to a defect in the enzyme NADH methemoglobin reductase (an autosomal recessive trait) or to an abnormality in hemoglobin M (an autosomal dominant trait). (Dorland, 27th ed)

Also Known As:

Networked: 1789 relevant articles (40 outcomes, 86 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Cyanosis
2.	Poisoning
3.	Hemolytic Anemia
4.	Hypoxia (Hypoxemia)
5.	Brain Diseases (Brain Disorder)

Experts

1.	Sahu, Kamal Kant: 8 articles (01/2021 - 09/2016)
2.	Walker, Larry A: 5 articles (01/2021 - 06/2008)
3.	Mishra, Ajay Kumar: 5 articles (01/2021 - 03/2019)
4.	Duong, Timothy Q: 5 articles (06/2017 - 01/2013)
5.	Prchal, Josef T: 5 articles (04/2011 - 01/2005)
6.	Das, Debashree: 4 articles (01/2022 - 01/2020)
7.	Sen, Kamalika: 4 articles (01/2022 - 01/2020)
8.	Nanayakkara, N P Dhammika: 4 articles (01/2021 - 06/2008)
9.	George, Susan V: 4 articles (01/2021 - 01/2020)
10.	Rodriguez, Pavel: 4 articles (06/2017 - 01/2013)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Methemoglobinemia:

1.	Methylene Blue (Methylthioninium Chloride)FDA Link 10/01/1988 - "Administration of methylene blue was effective in the reversal of the methemoglobinemia. " 01/01/2018 - "Methylene blue is useful for the treatment of methemoglobinemia. " 11/01/2023 - "WHY SHOULD AN EMERGENCY PHYSICIAN BE AWARE OF THIS?: Both tick-borne illnesses and methemoglobinemia are typically easily treatable with proper antimicrobial coverage and methylene blue, respectively. " 09/11/2023 - "Methylene blue (MB) has been routinely used to treat methemoglobinemia. " 07/01/2023 - "Methylene blue (MB) has been used to treat methemoglobinemia. "
2.	DapsoneFDA Link 10/01/2023 - "He was diagnosed with dapsone-induced methemoglobinemia toward the end of his hospital course, and his condition clinically improved with the discontinuation of the offending agent. " 08/01/2016 - "Five of the study patients died due to multiorgan failure, and all of whom were inpatients with dapsone-induced methemoglobinemia. " 08/01/2011 - "Studies are needed to define biologic correlates of methemoglobinemia and evaluate lower dapsone doses for PCP prophylaxis." 11/01/2008 - "This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of EP on methemoglobinemia induced by dapsone. " 04/01/2023 - "Methemoglobinemia induced by dapsone in a pediatric patient: case report."
3.	Oxygen (Dioxygen)IBA 07/01/2005 - "However, the efficacy of the latter on oxygen transport, tissue oxygenation, and survival in the treatment of extreme methemoglobinemia is ambiguous. " 06/01/2023 - "Even though methemoglobinemia does not have a direct graft effect, it can affect the graft oxygen perfusion and the overall oxygenation of the postoperative patient, causing adverse impacts if not detected and treated promptly. " 06/01/2022 - "Methemoglobinemia symptoms are the results of inadequate oxygen transport. " 01/22/2021 - "Methemoglobinemia impairs oxygen transport by dual mechanism of impaired oxygen binding and diminished oxygen unloading. " 01/01/2021 - "A check of arterial blood gas revealed normal partial pressure of oxygen and follow-up tests confirmed a methemoglobinemia diagnosis. "
4.	Ascorbic Acid (Vitamin C)FDA LinkGeneric 02/01/2018 - "Methemoglobinemia in a Case of Paint Thinner Intoxication, Treated Successfully with Vitamin C." 09/01/2018 - "Intravenous ascorbic acid administration is effective in treating DDS-induced methemoglobinemia in a murine model." 09/01/2018 - "The present study aimed to investigate the effect of ascorbic acid in the treatment of DDS induced methemoglobinemia. " 07/08/2023 - "Further research into use of ascorbic acid as a recommended agent for treatment of methemoglobinemia is warranted." 07/08/2023 - "Ascorbic Acid for Methemoglobinemia Treatment: A Case Report and Literature Review."
5.	Cyanides (Isocyanides)IBA 01/01/2022 - "Historically, the first step in treating cyanide (CN-) toxicity utilized antidotes to induce methemoglobinemia. " 01/01/2020 - "Doses of AzB were therefore chosen in keeping with these data and the doses of MB previously used against cyanide intoxication (4-20 mg/kg) in the rat - doses corresponding to those used in humans to treat methemoglobinemia. " 11/01/2001 - "To examine the effects of methemoglobinemia and postmortem interval on blood cyanide concentrations in fire victims, an experiment was carried out using rabbits as the animal model. " 01/01/1987 - "Cyanide content in whole blood was monitored after production of methemoglobinemia (30%) by 4-dimethylaminophenol in order to sequester cyanide within red cells. " 01/01/1947 - "Some limitations of methemoglobinemia in antagonizing cyanide."
6.	MethemoglobinIBA 01/01/2022 - "Treatment for methemoglobinemia was started immediately after hospitalization, and the patient's symptoms and methemoglobin level improved. " 04/01/2015 - "In the prospective part of the study, none of 18 patients [16 (89 %) men, mean age 63 ± 13] was diagnosed with either clinical symptoms of methemoglobinemia or exceeded normal blood concentration of methemoglobin. " 09/01/2023 - "If methemoglobinemia is suspected, a direct measurement of blood methemoglobin levels can be obtained to confirm the diagnosis. " 01/01/2023 - "Methemoglobinemia (MetHb) is a rare hematological condition characterized by high methemoglobin levels in the blood. " 01/01/2023 - "A "chocolate-brown" color of her arterial blood, and increased methemoglobin levels of 20.2%, confirmed the diagnosis of methemoglobinemia. "
7.	Benzocaine (Americaine)FDA Link 11/01/2014 - "The rare and idiopathic nature of methemoglobinemia after benzocaine use has made study of the pathophysiologic mechanism in humans difficult. " 10/01/1994 - "This study determined the frequency and severity of benzocaine-associated methemoglobinemia in routine clinical use. " 07/08/2023 - "A 66-year-old male was treated for methemoglobinemia deemed to be secondary to benzocaine throat spray. " 11/01/2021 - "A Rare Case of Benzocaine-Induced Methemoglobinemia." 01/01/2019 - "Benzocaine-Induced Methemoglobinemia in a Postoperative Bariatric Patient following Esophagogastroduodenoscopy."
8.	Nitroglycerin (Dynamite)FDA LinkGeneric 11/01/1991 - "Surprisingly, methemoglobinemia did not develop and nitroglycerin continued to be clinically effective in relieving angina during the six-month period. " 06/01/2019 - "Anesthesiologists are recommended to be more careful about the speed of nitroglycerin infusion, and if the patient needs higher doses, patient care for the early detection of methemoglobinemia should be the priority." 06/01/2019 - "One of the complications of nitroglycerin infusion during surgery is methemoglobinemia. " 10/01/2018 - "Methemoglobinemia during the Use of Glyceryl Trinitrate Patches in Neonates: Two Case Reports." 07/01/2000 - "At first, we judged these changes as methemoglobinemia by nitroglycerin infusion. "
9.	NitratesIBA 10/01/2008 - "Study children drinking well water with a nitrate concentration >50mg/l were significantly more likely to have methemoglobinemia than those drinking well water with a nitrate concentration <50mg/l (p=0.001 at 95% CI=[1.22-2.64]) or than those drinking municipal water (p<0.01 at 95% CI=[1.16-2.21]). " 08/01/1984 - "The results of the study indicate that yeast culture did not decrease the methemoglobinemia produced by consumption of high-nitrate forages by sheep or cattle." 01/01/1970 - "[A study of certain psychophysiological reactions in water-nitrate methemoglobinemia in children]." 04/01/2022 - "Methemoglobinemia cases continue to occur due to accidental exposure, meat curing misadventures, and babies ingesting nitrate-rich vegetables which have been inappropriately stored. " 01/01/2022 - "The presence of nitrate in high concentrations in surface and groundwater triggers several health problems, for instance, methemoglobinemia, diabetes, eruption of infectious disorders, harmfully influence aquatic organisms. "
10.	NitritesIBA 05/01/1954 - "Blood sulfhydryl changes in methemoglobinemia, a possible factor in protective effects of nitrite and paraminoproplophenone." 02/01/1989 - "An excessive consumption of nitrites and nitrites leading to the increase in methemoglobinemia and anaemia observe in the previous studies stimulated the present investigations. " 01/01/2023 - "While chronic use may lead to problems such as methemoglobinemia or neuropathy, nitrites rarely lead to acute life-threatening side effects such as ventricular dysrhythmias. " 01/01/2021 - "The authors' aim was to attract attention to methemoglobinemia caused by volatile alkyl-nitrites, its recognition, treatment and to present their lesser-known complications. " 01/01/2021 - "Several exogen oxidative agents can induce methemoglobinemia, including alkyl-nitrites which are also used as party drugs, the so-called 'poppers'. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Therapeutics 01/19/2023 - "Dogs with decreased quality of life attributed to methemoglobinemia from CYB5R deficiency might benefit from PO MB therapy." 06/01/2022 - "Herein we report a rare case of methemoglobinemia due to iNO therapy in a child after cardiac surgery. " 10/01/2021 - "Side effects of inhaled NO therapy, such as methemoglobinemia, were observed in 15 patients (4%), with a significant incidence in patients aged < 18 years. " 12/01/2018 - "Routine, ongoing monitoring of metHb levels in all pediatric subjects receiving iNO therapy at doses <40 ppm without the presence of risk factors predisposing the subject to increased risk of methemoglobinemia is unnecessary and should be avoided." 01/01/2018 - "The benefits of treatment in all patients, especially in those who are pregnant, must outweigh the inherent risks of the therapies used to treat methemoglobinemia. "
2.	Renal Dialysis (Hemodialysis) 01/01/2009 - "Our results demonstrate that even a regular hospital water disinfection technique can be associated with significant methemoglobinemia during extended hemodialysis. " 06/01/2004 - "[Methemoglobinemia as a complication of hemodialysis]." 01/01/1992 - "[Methemoglobinemia--complication of hemodialysis]." 01/01/2009 - "To evaluate the cause of methemoglobinemia in patients undergoing extended daily hemodialysis/hemodiafiltration we analyzed the relationship between methemoglobinemia and the water disinfection schedule of the hospital. " 01/01/2009 - "Methemoglobinemia in critically ill patients during extended hemodialysis and simultaneous disinfection of the hospital water supply."
3.	General Anesthesia 06/01/2013 - "[A case of previously undiagnosed methemoglobinemia exhibiting sustained low SpO2 value at the induction of general anesthesia]." 06/01/2007 - "Here we report a 29-year-old female who was scheduled to receive correction of malocclusion and developed acute methemoglobinemia soon after induction of general anesthesia. " 11/01/1984 - "A case is reported in which a patient developed cyanosis under general anesthesia due to methemoglobinemia. " 01/01/2005 - "A case is reported in which a patient developed methemoglobinemia-induced cyanosis while under general anesthesia during surgery for multiple fascial space infections. " 04/14/2023 - "For patients requiring general anesthesia complicated with rare methemoglobinemia, we improve the awareness of crisis and make comprehensive preparation and monitoring, learn the pathophysiological mechanism related to the disease, so as to protect the operation of methemoglobin patients under general anesthesia."
4.	Intravenous Administration 04/25/1997 - "The objective of this study was to characterize the dose effect and kinetics of methemoglobinemia in rats following oral or intravenous administration of 3,5-xylidine (XYL). " 10/01/2021 - "During surgery, sudden methemoglobinemia developed after the intravenous administration of lidocaine which was used to prevent arrhythmias. " 06/01/2000 - "The patient's condition improved significantly after intravenous administration of methylene blue 1 mg/kg. With increasing numbers of outpatient procedures performed under topical anesthesia, measures should be in place to deal with a potential life-threatening adverse event such as methemoglobinemia." 01/01/2020 - "Finally, effective treatments for methemoglobinemia include intravenous administration of methylene blue, ascorbic acid, and riboflavin. " 06/01/2014 - "Thus,we recommend that if methylene blue is unavailable, 6 hourly intravenous administrations of 10 g of VC should be considered for dapsone-induced methemoglobinemia."
5.	Anesthesia 12/01/2017 - "Transient Methemoglobinemia in three Neonates due to Maternal Pudendal Anesthesia." 01/01/2010 - "Acquired methemoglobinemia is a known complication of topical anesthesia during endoscopic procedures. " 01/01/2010 - "Methemoglobinemia due to topical pharyngeal anesthesia during endoscopic procedures." 08/01/2005 - "Avoiding topical anesthesia-induced methemoglobinemia." 03/01/2004 - "Although such a practice is usually safe, there have been a number of reports of methemoglobinemia induced by topical anesthesia. "