Malignant Catarrh

A herpesvirus infection of cattle characterized by catarrhal inflammation of the upper respiratory and alimentary epithelia, keratoconjunctivitis, encephalitis and lymph node enlargement. Syn: bovine epitheliosis, snotsiekte.

Also Known As:

Malignant Catarrhal Fever; Catarrh, Malignant; Catarrhal Fever, Malignant; Catarrhal Fevers, Malignant; Catarrhs, Malignant; Fever, Malignant Catarrhal; Fevers, Malignant Catarrhal; Malignant Catarrhal Fevers; Malignant Catarrhs

Networked: 139 relevant articles (4 outcomes, 9 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Infections
2.	Virus Diseases (Viral Diseases)
3.	Diarrhea
4.	Vasculitis (Vasculitides)
5.	Superinfection

Experts

1.	Li, Hong: 24 articles (01/2021 - 07/2002)
2.	Cunha, Cristina W: 14 articles (01/2021 - 03/2008)
3.	Taus, Naomi S: 10 articles (07/2016 - 02/2006)
4.	O'Toole, Donal: 9 articles (01/2021 - 03/2005)
5.	Haig, David M: 6 articles (08/2021 - 06/2009)
6.	Russell, George C: 5 articles (08/2021 - 06/2012)
7.	Oaks, J Lindsay: 5 articles (10/2013 - 03/2005)
8.	Percival, Ann: 4 articles (08/2021 - 06/2012)
9.	Todd, Helen: 4 articles (08/2021 - 06/2012)
10.	Lankester, Felix: 4 articles (01/2019 - 09/2014)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Malignant Catarrh:

1.	VaccinesIBA 01/01/2019 - "A randomised vaccine field trial in Kenya demonstrates protection against wildebeest-associated malignant catarrhal fever in cattle." 02/03/2016 - "A field vaccine trial in Tanzania demonstrates partial protection against malignant catarrhal fever in cattle." 01/01/2015 - "This study is the first to partially quantify the potential economic benefits that a vaccine, effective at protecting cattle against malignant catarrhal fever (MCF), could accrue to pastoralists living in East Africa. " 08/01/2021 - "The experimental vaccine for bovine malignant catarrhal fever consists of viable attenuated alcelaphine herpesvirus 1 (AlHV-1) derived by extensive culture passage, combined with an oil-in-water adjuvant, delivered intramuscularly. " 01/26/2021 - "An efficacious vaccine for sheep-associated malignant catarrhal fever (SA-MCF) is important for the livestock industry. "
2.	Glycoproteins (Glycoprotein)IBA 01/26/2021 - "OvHV-2 Glycoprotein B Delivered by a Recombinant BoHV-4 Is Immunogenic and Induces Partial Protection against Sheep-Associated Malignant Catarrhal Fever in a Rabbit Model." 11/11/2020 - "Tegument gene (422 base pairs) and glycoprotein B (gB) gene (2800 base pairs) amplicons of OvHV-2 genome were used for understanding of epidemiology of malignant catarrhal fever (MCF) infection in Turkey. " 12/15/2022 - "A Vaccine Targeting Ovine Herpesvirus 2 Glycoprotein B Protects against Sheep-Associated Malignant Catarrhal Fever." 11/01/2016 - "The partial glycoprotein B sequence up to the DNA polymerase gene showed 96.6 % nucleotide sequence identity to the Rupicapra rupicapra gammaherpesvirus 1 and 81.5 % to ovine herpesvirus 2. This novel sequence clusters within sequences derived from the malignant catarrhal fever group of viruses, and the corresponding virus is tentatively named Rupicapra pyrenaica gammaherpesvirus 1 (RpHV-1). " 07/01/2016 - "Replacement of Glycoprotein B in Alcelaphine Herpesvirus 1 by Its Ovine Herpesvirus 2 Homolog : Implications in Vaccine Development for Sheep-Associated Malignant Catarrhal Fever."
3.	LigandsIBA 11/15/2016 - "The efficacy of alcelaphine herpesvirus-1 (AlHV-1) immunization with the adjuvants Emulsigen® and the monomeric TLR5 ligand FliC in zebu cattle against AlHV-1 malignant catarrhal fever induced by experimental virus challenge." 05/27/2014 - "The effect of the TLR9 ligand CpG-oligodeoxynucleotide on the protective immune response to alcelaphine herpesvirus-1-mediated malignant catarrhal fever in cattle."
4.	AntibodiesIBA 01/01/2021 - "Blood samples were investigated for specific antibodies against five viral pathogen groups, alphaherpesvirus, gammaherpesvirus (viruses in the malignant catarrhal fever group; MCFV), pestivirus, bluetongue virus (BTV), and Schmallenberg virus (SBV), by using commercial multispecies serological tests (ELISA). " 01/01/2019 - "A total of 119 or 118 serum samples were screened (ELISA) and antibodies were detected (seropositive/tested, prevalence, confidence interval) against alphaherpesvirus (24/119, 20.3%, CI: 13.9-28.3), bluetongue virus (BTV; 4/119, 3.4%, CI: 1.0-8.7), malignant catarrhal fever related gammaherpesvirus (MCFV-related gammaherpesvirus; 7/119, 5.9%, CI: 2.7-11.9), pestivirus (5/118, 4.2%, CI: 1.6-9.8), Schmallenberg virus (SBV; 70/118, 59.3%, CI: 50.3-67.8), smooth Brucella spp. (1/118; 0.9%, CI: 0-5.1), Neospora caninum (5/118, 4.2%, CI: 1.6-9.8), and Toxoplasma gondii (62/119, 52.1%, CI: 43.2-60.9). " 10/01/1998 - "Serosurvey for antibodies to malignant catarrhal fever-associated viruses in free-living and captive cervids in Germany." 09/01/1990 - "[The detection of antibodies to the agent of malignant catarrhal fever in sheep and goat sera]." 01/01/1989 - "Although virus isolation was not attempted, serologic findings of antibodies to malignant catarrhal fever virus detected by indirect immunofluorescence and virus neutralization supported a diagnosis of malignant catarrhal fever in this deer."
5.	DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)IBA 07/01/2018 - "High copy number of ovine gammaherpesvirus 2 DNA associated with malignant catarrhal fever-like syndrome in a lamb." 07/01/2017 - "Total DNA obtained from the splenic samples was positive for alcelaphine gammaherpesvirus 1 (AlHV-1) as tested by a multiplex PCR for malignant catarrhal fever (MCF) viruses. " 06/01/2013 - "MCFV-WTD DNA was also detected in one of these 12 goats that were malignant catarrhal fever viral antibody positive. " 10/28/2006 - "Seventeen (31 per cent) of 55 cattle with malignant catarrhal fever-like clinical signs had sequences of OvHV-2 DNA in their blood, and nine of the 17 died, all of them during the months of April to November, between November 2002 and March 2004. " 10/01/2006 - "Subsequent DNA sequencing identified this to be a new gammaherpesvirus that was similar to Porcine lymphotropic virus 2, Alcephaline herpesvirus 1 (malignant catarrhal fever virus from wildebeest), and Chlorocebus rhadinovirus 1 from African green monkeys. "
6.	Viral DNAIBA 04/19/2001 - "Furthermore, this study failed to identify a seasonal pattern in levels of viral DNA in nasal secretions or PBL of adult sheep that would provide a basis for the traditionally held belief that clinical cases of malignant catarrhal fever are significantly associated with lambing ewes." 01/01/2020 - "Ibex-associated malignant catarrhal fever (MCF) viral DNA was detected in all cases by polymerase chain reaction and in situ hybridization. " 06/01/2013 - "In the recent investigation of malignant catarrhal fever in a red brocket deer (Mazama americana) from a Texas zoo, the viral DNA from the herpesvirus termed MCFV-WTD, which causes disease in white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus), was detected. " 03/01/1999 - "A single-step, competitive polymerase chain reaction technique was developed to quantitate sheep-associated malignant catarrhal fever (SA-MCF) viral DNA. " 03/01/1999 - "Quantitation of sheep-associated malignant catarrhal fever viral DNA by competitive polymerase chain reaction."
7.	Complement System Proteins (Complement)IBA 03/01/1980 - "A complement fixation test was developed for the study of malignant catarrhal fever (MCF). " 03/01/2003 - "The virus from the naturally infected calves and from the experimentally infected rabbits was identified as malignant catarrhal fever (MCF) virus using both the complement fixation test and the fluorescent antibody test, employing a reference anti-serum against the WC 11 strain of MCF virus. " 09/01/1982 - "The effect of antibody and complement on the expression of herpesvirus of bovine malignant catarrhal fever in cultured rabbit lymphocytes." 01/01/1980 - "Complement fixation text for diagnosis of malignant catarrhal fever." 01/01/1996 - "Detection of sheep-associated malignant catarrhal fever virus antibodies by complement fixation tests."
8.	Interleukin-2 (IL2)IBA 01/01/2015 - "The goal of this study was to investigate whether administration of interleukin-2 (IL-2) would improve the outcome of cows with malignant catarrhal fever (MCF). " 01/01/2015 - "[Interleukin-2 for the treatment of cows with malignant catarrhal fever]." 07/15/2009 - "Malignant catarrhal fever of cattle is associated with low abundance of IL-2 transcript and a predominantly latent profile of ovine herpesvirus 2 gene expression." 01/01/2001 - "The results demonstrate that the activated phenotype of the LGLs, associated with malignant catarrhal fever virus infection and in the absence of exogenous interleukin-2, involves constitutively activated Lck and Fyn kinases. "
9.	Vitamin D FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/2012 - "The aim of the present study was to determine the vitamin D status in cattle with malignant catarrhal fever (MCF). " 01/01/2012 - "Vitamin D status in cattle with malignant catarrhal fever."
10.	muskIBA 04/01/2013 - "To study the epizootiology of malignant catarrhal fever viruses (MCFV), serum and spleen samples collected in 2004-2011 from a free-ranging musk ox (Ovibos moschatus) population in Dovrefjell, Norway, were examined. " 04/01/2013 - "Malignant catarrhal fever virus identified in free-ranging musk ox (Ovibos moschatus) in Norway."

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Intravenous Administration 03/25/1978 - "The intravenous administration of whole blood from a pathologically confirmed field case of bovine malignant catarrhal fever (MCF) resulted in the appearance of the disease in three of five experimental calves 18 to 28 days later. "