Magnesium Deficiency (Deficiency, Magnesium)

A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of magnesium in the diet, characterized by anorexia, nausea, vomiting, lethargy, and weakness. Symptoms are paresthesias, muscle cramps, irritability, decreased attention span, and mental confusion, possibly requiring months to appear. Deficiency of body magnesium can exist even when serum values are normal. In addition, magnesium deficiency may be organ-selective, since certain tissues become deficient before others. (Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 12th ed, p1936)

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Networked: 1109 relevant articles (21 outcomes, 108 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Hypertension (High Blood Pressure)
2.	Myocardial Infarction
3.	Cardiac Arrhythmias (Arrythmia)
4.	Asthma (Bronchial Asthma)
5.	Neoplasms (Cancer)

Experts

1.	Bac, Pierre: 10 articles (08/2021 - 11/2002)
2.	Mazur, Andrzej: 9 articles (12/2011 - 01/2002)
3.	Castiglioni, Sara: 7 articles (06/2021 - 01/2013)
4.	Chen, Li-Song: 7 articles (01/2021 - 01/2016)
5.	Yang, Lin-Tong: 7 articles (01/2021 - 01/2016)
6.	Ye, Xin: 7 articles (01/2021 - 01/2016)
7.	Altura, Bella T: 7 articles (01/2014 - 04/2002)
8.	Altura, Burton M: 7 articles (01/2014 - 04/2002)
9.	Rayssiguier, Yves: 7 articles (06/2010 - 01/2002)
10.	Maurois, Pierre: 6 articles (08/2021 - 11/2002)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Magnesium Deficiency:

1.	MagnesiumIBA 01/01/1992 - "The efficacy of oral magnesium supplementation in correcting magnesium deficiency was examined in a group of 40 elderly patients with suspected magnesium deficiency. " 10/15/2023 - "Emerging studies indicate that magnesium deficiency is associated with neurological diseases, and magnesium supplement confers protection under these disease conditions. " 09/01/2022 - "Specifically, magnesium has been shown to enhance learning and memory, and magnesium deficiency is associated with impaired hippocampal-dependent memory formation in animal studies. " 11/01/2020 - "While magnesium deficiency is common and its effects well known on the nervous system, very few studies has been dedicated to the efficiency of magnesium replacement treatments on the central nervous system. " 01/01/2018 - "The present study evaluated cellular responses to magnesium deficiency using model cells of the liver, namely, HepG2 cells as hepatocytes, RAW264.7 cells as Kupffer cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) as vascular endothelial cells; we examined effects of culture with magnesium deficient medium on cell responses in individual types of cells as well as interactive responses among cells. "
2.	AntioxidantsIBA 06/01/2003 - "The effect of magnesium deficiency on antioxidant defence system was studied in RBC of mice suffering from hypomagnesemia. " 03/01/1999 - "We suggest that magnesium deficiency affected the intracellular antioxidant system in cultured endothelial cells." 10/01/1997 - "Depressed antioxidant defense in rat heart in experimental magnesium deficiency. " 06/01/1992 - "We have demonstrated the ability of various antioxidant drugs and nutrients to protect against magnesium deficiency-induced myocardial injury. " 08/01/1991 - "We have previously reported that antioxidant drug intervention protects against magnesium deficiency-induced myocardial lesions. "
3.	CalciumIBA 01/01/1997 - "In the present study, the effects of magnesium deficiency and/or calcium over intake were investigated in rats. " 07/27/2021 - "Calcium and magnesium deficiencies have been given emphasis to play roles in the pathophysiology. " 07/01/2013 - "Magnesium deficiency phenotypes upon multiple knockout of Arabidopsis thaliana MRS2 clade B genes can be ameliorated by concomitantly reduced calcium supply." 03/28/2011 - "These findings extend our understanding about how calcium and magnesium deficiency induces apoptosis." 03/28/2011 - "Cells undergo apoptosis in stressed status such as in intracellular calcium overload or extracellular calcium/magnesium deficiency. "
4.	Free RadicalsIBA 05/01/1995 - "The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of magnesium deficiency on free radical production of skeletal muscle tissue. " 12/01/2002 - "Recent evidence from a rodent model of acute magnesium deficiency suggests that humoral factors may activate cardiac fibroblasts by a free radical-mediated mechanism and contribute to cardiac fibrogenesis. " 12/01/2002 - "The additive action of free radical generation in magnesium deficiency and any form of stress may be one of the reasons for enhanced sensitivity to stress in magnesium deficiency. " 12/01/2002 - "Chronic magnesium deficiency is accompanied by increased free radical generation. " 06/01/2001 - "The results could explain possibly a free radical theory of heart damage in magnesium deficiency. "
5.	CeriumIBA 12/01/2009 - "The main aim of the study was to determine the role of cerium in the amelioration of magnesium-deficiency effects in spinach plants. " 11/01/2009 - "The main aim of the study was to determine the role of cerium in the amelioration of magnesium deficiency effects in CO(2) assimilation of spinach. " 02/01/1996 - "The present study was carried out to ascertain whether magnesium deficiency promotes accumulation of cerium in various organs of rats." 01/01/2018 - "Better nutrition would protect against Magnesium deficiency and prevent the absorption of Cerium in the patients from Alleppey, compared to those from Trivandrum." 09/01/2011 - "Improvement of cerium of photosynthesis functions of maize under magnesium deficiency."
6.	EndotoxinsIBA 01/01/1995 - "Experiment 2: Magnesium deficiency was strongly (p < .02) associated with increased mortality from endotoxin challenge. " 01/01/1995 - "Furthermore, these experimental findings suggest that magnesium deficiency predisposes to worse outcome from endotoxin challenge, and that replacement therapy in the setting of magnesium deficiency may be warranted, especially in critically ill subjects." 04/01/2013 - "Magnesium deficiency predisposes to worse outcomes from endotoxin challenge by promoting the production of cytokines. " 01/31/2003 - "Magnesium deficiency has been shown to increase nitric oxide (NO) levels in plasma and to aggravate endotoxin lethality. " 04/01/2001 - "Enhanced production of IL-1beta and IL-6 following endotoxin challenge in rats with dietary magnesium deficiency."
7.	LipidsIBA 01/21/2021 - "The increase in intracellular lipids might be interpreted as an adaptive response of endothelial cells to magnesium deficiency." 01/21/2021 - "Our results suggest that magnesium deficiency leads to the deposition of lipids by inducing EDF-1 and PPARγ. " 01/21/2021 - "Magnesium Deficiency Induces Lipid Accumulation in Vascular Endothelial Cells via Oxidative Stress-The Potential Contribution of EDF-1 and PPARγ." 01/01/1990 - "These results suggest that magnesium deficiency worsens several parameters of lipid in uremic rats." 03/01/1988 - "Effect of moderate magnesium deficiency on serum lipids, blood pressure and cardiovascular reactivity in normotensive rats."
8.	FructoseIBA 06/01/1991 - "The synergistic interaction of fructose and magnesium deficiency on nephrocalcinosis was significantly greater in female than in male rats. " 12/01/2006 - "Since magnesium deficiency has a pro-inflammatory effect, the expected consequence would be an increased risk of developing insulin resistance when magnesium deficiency is combined with a high-fructose diet. " 09/01/1991 - "Diuresis and hypercitraturia in diabetic and/or obese animals may cause a reduction in nephrocalcinosis induced by the interaction between fructose and magnesium deficiency. " 12/01/2006 - "Accordingly, magnesium deficiency combined with a high-fructose diet induces insulin resistance, hypertension, dyslipidemia, endothelial activation and prothrombic changes in combination with the upregulation of markers of inflammation and oxidative stress." 12/01/1994 - "In contrast, exogenous oestrogen interacted with fructose and magnesium deficiency to increase serum calcium concentration which caused a reduction of circulating parathyroid. "
9.	Calcium OxalateIBA 03/01/1982 - "The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of magnesium deficiency on intratubular calcium oxalate formation in rats from the 1st day of administration of a hyperoxaluric agent. " 03/01/1982 - "Previous studies have shown that magnesium deficiency accelerates renal tubular calcium oxalate monohydrate deposition in rats on chronic hyperoxaluric, lithogenic protocols. " 03/01/1982 - "The results support the supposition that under certain conditions magnesium deficiency is a significant risk factor for intrarenal calcium oxalate deposition and stone formation. " 07/01/1981 - "Calcium oxalate monohydrate deposition was found predominantly within the lumina of proximal tubules, and was markedly accelerated by magnesium deficiency. " 08/01/2002 - "To clarify in vivo, using isolated small intestinal loops perfused with radioactive 14C-oxalate, whether intestinal hyperabsorption or reduced secretion is important in magnesium deficiency (MgD), as this is a potential cause of calcium oxalate urolithiasis. "
10.	Vitamin B 6IBA 08/01/1971 - "[Studies on urolithiasis: biochemical and histological studies of vitamin B 6 and magnesium deficiency]." 12/01/2002 - "In therapy it is known that the combination of vitamin B6 and magnesium is beneficial in the treatment of several forms of primary magnesium deficiency. " 11/01/1982 - "With pregnant Wistar-rats, suffering from alimentary magnesium deficiency, absorption and distributing of Mg28 has been studied, the latter having been applied as aspartate and as chloride, with and without simultaneous substitution of vitamin B6. " 09/01/2009 - "After reaching the magnesium deficiency state, animals were given oral (via tube) magnesium L-asparaginate and magnesium chloride lone and in combination with vitamin B(6), as well as the reference agent Magne B6. " 01/01/2002 - "After thoroughly researching the literature, I hypothesize that magnesium deficiency may be the central precipitating event and common pathway for the subsequent biochemical effects on substance P, kynurenine, NMDA receptors, and vitamin B6 that may result in the symptomatology of Tourette's syndrome and several reported comorbid conditions. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Therapeutics 01/01/2015 - "[Magnesium deficiency and stress: Issues of their relationship, diagnostic tests, and approaches to therapy]." 12/01/2001 - "Magnesium deficiency is seen with some frequency in the outpatient setting and requires oral repletion or maintenance therapy. " 01/01/1992 - "Mg replacement therapy is recommended to prevent some of the serious sequelae of magnesium deficiency." 10/01/1990 - "Guidelines for therapy of magnesium deficiency are given. " 11/01/1989 - "The emergency physician should be aware of clinical situations that predispose to magnesium deficiency and be prepared to institute empiric therapy if indicated. "
2.	Glycemic Control 05/01/2019 - "Magnesium deficiency is associated with increased risk of diabetic retinopathy and poor glycemic control. " 11/01/2023 - "Magnesium deficiency and UDP were associated with a higher chance of inadequate glycemic control in T2DM individuals." 10/27/2021 - "HbA1c was significantly higher in the plasmatic magnesium deficiency group than the normal magnesium status group (10% ± 1.3 vs. 8.3% ± 1.9; p = 0.04), with a significant difference in participants with a poor glycemic control (HbA1c > 7%) (100%, n = 13/13 vs. 53%, n = 47/88; p = 0.001). " 10/01/2020 - "Factors that may contribute to these findings include: 1) improved glycemic control, 2) diuresis and reduced extracellular fluid volume, 3) reduced serum uric acid levels, 3) direct myocardial effects, 4) reduction in proteinuria and preservation of kidney function, and 5) correction of diabetic magnesium deficiency. " 10/27/2021 - "The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of plasmatic magnesium deficiency in a Tunisian population of T2DM and to study the relationship between magnesium status and intake, glycemic control and long-term diabetes-related complications. "
3.	Intravenous Administration 09/01/1999 - "This study investigated the correlation between the degree of magnesium deficiency and the efficacy of intravenous administration of magnesium in patients with variant angina. " 09/01/1999 - "There were no correlations between disease activity, degree of magnesium deficiency or failure of suppression of ST elevation by the intravenous administration of magnesium. " 09/01/1999 - "Fifteen patients with angiographically confirmed variant angina were assessed for magnesium deficiency and whether intravenous administration of magnesium (19.2 mEq/l) suppressed exercise-induced ST segment elevation. " 09/01/1999 - "Intravenous administration of magnesium can suppress exercise-induced coronary spasms in some patients with variant angina, but the degree of magnesium deficiency did not correlate with the suppressions of exercise-induced ST elevation after magnesium administration. "
4.	Oral Administration 09/01/1996 - "Oral administration of single doses of 600 or 1,200 mg ofloxacin/kg body weight and magnesium deficiency were sufficient to induce gross structural cartilage defects. " 11/01/2020 - "In this study, the effects of oral administration of magnesium salts of acetyl-taurinate on the central manifestations of magnesium deficiency is described in rats submitted to low-magnesium diet and in a murine model of Alzheimer's disease. " 01/01/1992 - "The study suggests that the bioavailability of orally given magnesium-lactate-citrate is satisfactory, and that oral administration of magnesium for 6 weeks may restore magnesium depots in patients with magnesium deficiency." 07/01/2011 - "We compared the efficiency of different stereoisomers of organic magnesium salts (Mg DL-, Mg D-, and Mg L-aspartate and Mg L- and Mg DL-glutamate) after oral administration under conditions of furosemide-induced magnesium deficiency. "
5.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy) 01/01/2014 - "[Influence of magnesium deficiency correction on the effectiveness of bronchial asthma pharmacotherapy in children]." 07/01/1985 - "Magnesium deficiency psychosis induced by cancer chemotherapy." 01/01/2020 - "WE is mostly caused by alcoholism in adult populations; however, it is often associated with gastrointestinal surgical procedures, recurrent vomiting, chronic diarrhea, cancer and chemotherapy treatment, systemic diseases, drugs, magnesium deficiency, and malnutrition in children. " 03/05/2022 - "The aim of the study was to discuss the probable mechanisms of correlation of magnesium deficiency with migraine, as well as to present the current clinical proposals for the use of various magnesium preparations in complementary or substitute pharmacotherapy of migraine. " 01/01/2017 - "Oral magnesium-L-threonate that prevents the magnesium deficiency is a novel approach to prevent neuropathic pain induced by chemotherapy."