Leiomyosarcoma

A sarcoma containing large spindle cells of smooth muscle. Although it rarely occurs in soft tissue, it is common in the viscera. It is the most common soft tissue sarcoma of the gastrointestinal tract and uterus. The median age of patients is 60 years. (From Dorland, 27th ed; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1865)

Also Known As:

Networked: 2619 relevant articles (138 outcomes, 286 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Liposarcoma
2.	Neoplasms (Cancer)
3.	Sarcoma (Soft Tissue Sarcoma)
4.	Neoplasm Metastasis (Metastasis)
5.	Rhabdomyosarcoma

Experts

1.	Hensley, Martee L: 22 articles (01/2021 - 06/2002)
2.	Jones, Robin L: 21 articles (01/2022 - 12/2011)
3.	Blay, Jean-Yves: 20 articles (11/2020 - 08/2006)
4.	Le Cesne, Axel: 19 articles (11/2020 - 11/2005)
5.	van de Rijn, Matt: 18 articles (05/2021 - 10/2003)
6.	Yaegashi, Nobuo: 18 articles (03/2020 - 06/2005)
7.	George, Suzanne: 15 articles (01/2022 - 04/2013)
8.	Maki, Robert G: 14 articles (12/2019 - 06/2007)
9.	Ray-Coquard, Isabelle: 13 articles (01/2022 - 08/2006)
10.	Konishi, Ikuo: 13 articles (06/2021 - 08/2002)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Leiomyosarcoma:

1.	TrabectedinIBA 02/01/2019 - "[An Effective Treatment of Relapsed Leiomyosarcoma with Fourth-Line Trabectedin]." 12/01/2011 - "The aim of this retrospective analysis was to look at the efficacy of trabectedin in the subgroup of uterine leiomyosarcoma. " 01/01/2018 - "A phase II randomised (calibrated design) study on the activity of the single-agent trabectedin in metastatic or locally relapsed uterine leiomyosarcoma." 01/01/2012 - "A phase II evaluation of trabectedin in the treatment of advanced, persistent, or recurrent uterine leiomyosarcoma: a gynecologic oncology group study." 01/01/2023 - "Long-Time Progression-Free Survival with Trabectedin in Chemorefractory Metastatic Leiomyosarcoma of the Retroperitoneum: A Case Report."
2.	Doxorubicin (Adriamycin)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/2022 - "Metastatic leiomyosarcomas have a poor prognosis, and currently doxorubicin alone is used as the standard first-line treatment. " 10/01/2023 - "To evaluate the incidence of pseudoprogression in patients with metastatic or inoperable uterine leiomyosarcoma (LMS) treated with first-line single-agent doxorubicin. " 10/01/2023 - "Pseudoprogression in patients with uterine leiomyosarcoma treated with first-line single-agent doxorubicin." 01/01/2020 - "Upregulated MELK Leads to Doxorubicin Chemoresistance and M2 Macrophage Polarization via the miR-34a/JAK2/STAT3 Pathway in Uterine Leiomyosarcoma." 01/01/2020 - "Targeting TJP1 attenuates cell-cell aggregation and modulates chemosensitivity against doxorubicin in leiomyosarcoma."
3.	GemcitabineFDA Link 07/25/2017 - "We found a significant association between high hENT1 expression levels and favourable outcome in terms of PFS and OS compared to cases with low hENT1 expression in leiomyosarcoma treated with gemcitabine (PFS: 6.8 vs 3.2 months, P=0.004; OS: 14.9 vs 8.5 months, P=0.007). " 06/01/2012 - "We describe one case of a 41-year-old woman with PRES under treatment for leiomyosarcoma because of the probable association with gemcitabine. " 01/01/2008 - "Gemcitabine-induced progressive and sustained tumour response in a patient with multi-drug resistant uterine leiomyosarcoma." 12/01/2003 - "Gemcitabine appears to be an agent with activity, particularly in patients with leiomyosarcomas. " 10/01/2003 - "Unusual response to second-line single-agent gemcitabine in locally advanced primary leiomyosarcoma of the lung: a case report."
4.	eribulinFDA Link 06/01/2023 - "Therapeutic efficacy of a four-year treatment with eribulin in a patient with uterine leiomyosarcoma: A case report." 01/01/2019 - "For our patient, eribulin was effective for her recurrent leiomyosarcoma. " 01/01/2020 - "The patient was then treated with eribulin on the basis of an EORTC Phase II trial showing preliminary activity in uterine leiomyosarcoma. " 01/01/2023 - "We have evaluated efficacy and tolerability of eribulin in LPS and leiomyosarcoma (LMS) patients in the routine clinical setting at our department. " 01/01/2021 - "We identified several molecular changes with potential impact on survival of patients with leiomyosarcoma when treated with eribulin."
5.	Dacarbazine (DIC)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/2023 - "Dacarbazine is an important drug in the therapeutic landscape of leiomyosarcoma (LMS). " 10/01/1997 - "Dacarbazine shows particular activity in uterine leiomyosarcomas. " 02/01/1994 - "We were able to culture and subsequently karyotype a leiomyosarcoma (LMS) of the kidney that showed the following representative karyotype: 84,XY,add(X)(q25),-Y,add(1)(p11),dic(1;20) (p34;q13.3),-5,-6,dup(6)(q24),i(7)(p10),add(8)(p11),-9,-11,add(13)(p11), -15,-15 , add(17)(q24)x2,-18,-19,-21,-22,-22, +mar1(?hsr),+mar2,+2mar. " 06/01/2017 - "Both drugs were investigated in patients with liposarcoma or leiomyosarcoma in randomized phase III trials as compared to dacarbazine. " 04/01/2001 - "Dacarbazine-induced carotid artery and deep venous thrombosis in a patient with leiomyosarcoma: case report."
6.	Docetaxel (Taxotere)FDA Link 11/01/2019 - "In vitro and in vivo, RCBTB1 overexpression in leiomyosarcoma cells specifically sensitized to docetaxel-induced apoptosis. " 03/15/2012 - "Two patients with gynecological malignancies (uterine leiomyosarcoma and ovarian adenocarcinoma) experienced severe hypersensitivity reactions with docetaxel, including flushing, numbness, sharp radiating pain, severe nausea and vomiting, apnea, and unresponsiveness. " 01/01/2011 - "In this article, we also describe an immunohistochemical approach to diagnose leiomyosarcoma and the efficacy of a gemcitabine and docetaxel regimen." 02/01/2016 - "Because of the absence of controlled randomized trials, the benefit of gemcitabine-docetaxel as an adjuvant treatment in high-grade uterine leiomyosarcoma could not be appropriately assessed. " 01/01/2015 - "This study demonstrates gemcitabine and docetaxel to be active in locally advanced/metastatic leiomyosarcoma in the first line setting. "
7.	IfosfamideFDA LinkGeneric 10/15/2020 - "Deleterious effect of ifosfamide in leiomyosarcoma: Convergence of weak signals." 10/15/2020 - "Reply to Deleterious effect of ifosfamide in leiomyosarcoma: Convergence of weak signals." 12/01/1994 - "Additionally, this experience and a review of the literature, suggest that ifosfamide has little activity against gastrointestinal leiomyosarcomas. " 02/01/1992 - "These results indicate that ifosfamide has modest activity in patients with advanced or recurrent leiomyosarcomas of the uterus." 02/01/1992 - "The purpose of this study was to evaluate the activity of ifosfamide (isophosphamide) in patients with advanced or recurrent leiomyosarcoma not previously exposed to chemotherapy. "
8.	Paclitaxel (Taxol)FDA LinkGeneric 04/01/2003 - "The purpose of this phase II trial was to evaluate the efficacy of intravenous paclitaxel in patients with recurrent or advanced leiomyosarcoma of the uterus. " 05/01/2017 - "Efficacy of Paclitaxel in a Patient with Inoperable Pulmonary Vein Leiomyosarcoma." 04/01/2003 - "Evaluation of paclitaxel in previously treated leiomyosarcoma of the uterus: a gynecologic oncology group study." 09/01/1999 - "Phase II trial of paclitaxel in leiomyosarcoma of the uterus: a gynecologic oncology group study." 05/01/2017 - "In this report, we present an 18-year-old male patient with pulmonary vein leiomyosarcoma in whom the use of paclitaxel (PAX) proved to be effective. "
9.	Bevacizumab (Avastin)FDA Link 06/01/2018 - "Here, we sought to review the current evidence on the role and efficacy of bevacizumab in patients affected by uterine leiomyosarcoma. " 06/01/2018 - "On April 2017, Literature was searched in order to identify studies reporting outcomes of patients affected either by early stage or advanced/recurred uterine leiomyosarcoma undergoing treatment with bevacizumab, alone or in combination with other chemotherapeutic regimens. " 06/01/2018 - "Searching the literature data of 69 patients affected by metastatic, unresectable uterine leiomyosarcoma were retrieved; on the contrary, no data regarding the use of bevacizumab in patients with early-stage uterine leiomyosarcoma was published. " 06/01/2018 - "Role of bevacizumab in uterine leiomyosarcoma." 04/01/2007 - "A 26-year-old man diagnosed with metastatic rectal leiomyosarcoma was treated with intravenous bevacizumab 5 mg/kg and received a total of 3 doses at 2 week intervals. "
10.	Proteins (Proteins, Gene)FDA Link 07/08/2020 - "Evaluating the genetic phenotype of BML, especially the expression of leiomyosarcoma-related driver genes protein and MED12 gene status, may be helpful in understanding the pathogenesis of BML and in its differentiation from leiomyosarcoma. " 02/01/2011 - "In 2 previous studies, we showed that colony stimulating factor-1 (CSF1) is secreted by leiomyosarcoma (LMS) and that the increase in macrophages and CSF1 associated proteins are markers for poor prognosis in both gynecologic and nongynecologic LMS in a multicentered study. " 07/01/2008 - "Recent studies reported the overexpression of p16 protein in uterine leiomyosarcoma. " 10/01/2003 - "In the present study, we analyzed the expression of MMP-1 and MMP-2 proteins in patients with uterine leiomyosarcoma. " 06/01/1994 - "In this study we have screened a series of 29 primary leiomyosarcomas for abnormalities of both the p53 gene and the MDM2 gene, which encodes a p53-associated protein. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy) 06/01/2013 - "Well-designed and good-quality RCTs are required to investigate the efficacy of chemotherapy and quality of life in target patients with uterine leiomyosarcoma." 09/01/2012 - "We report here on a rare case of paratesticular leiomyosarcoma treated successfully with orichiectomy and additional systemic chemotherapy." 12/01/2018 - "Leiomyosarcoma is associated with a dismal prognosis, but outcomes for these patients may be improved by the combined surgical resection and chemotherapy." 04/20/2018 - "1 case of pulmonary leiomyosarcoma were found to have local recurrence 15 months after the operation and were relieved after chemotherapy. " 11/01/1998 - "Improvement in the prognosis of leiomyosarcoma may justify perioperative chemotherapy before and after radical surgical excision."
2.	Therapeutics 01/01/2019 - "Of these agents GEM/DOC, TRA and TEM were highly effective in the leiomyosarcoma PDOX model, the other agents, including first-line therapy DOX, were ineffective. " 08/01/2013 - "In the present case, GD therapy seems to have been beneficial for survival, as metastatic renal leiomyosarcoma is considered to have an extremely poor prognosis. " 03/01/1999 - "Aggressive surgical management combined with adjuvant therapy offers the best treatment for patients with leiomyosarcoma of the IVC." 09/01/2020 - "The purpose of this study was to determine the safety and efficacy of liver-directed therapies in patients with unresectable metastatic leiomyosarcoma to the liver. " 01/01/2023 - "Evaluation of the efficacy of systemic therapy for advanced uterine leiomyosarcoma: A systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression analysis."
3.	Radiotherapy 10/01/2023 - "Surgical resection of locally advanced lesions is technically challenging, but complete resection is the mainstay of treatment as leiomyosarcomas respond poorly to chemo-radiotherapy. " 01/15/2012 - "Despite more adverse clinical features, myxofibrosarcoma recurred distantly less often than leiomyosarcoma, whereas the LR rates were comparable between the 2 groups, suggesting that adjuvant radiation therapy is effective in myxofibrosarcoma. " 08/01/2009 - "Multiple local treatments including RFA, radiotherapy, and resection were effective for the local control of metastatic lesions of adrenal leiomyosarcoma." 08/01/1995 - "[Leiomyosarcoma of the prostate: a case report of remission for 9 years by radiotherapy]." 05/01/1975 - "Leiomyosarcomas could not be eradicated easily by surgery, recurred frequently, did not respond well to radiotherapy, and carried a poor prognosis."
4.	Adjuvant Chemotherapy 02/05/2022 - "To evaluate the prognostic factors and efficacy of adjuvant chemotherapy, data of localized and locally curative cases were extracted (total 572: 33 leiomyosarcoma of bone and 539 leiomyosarcoma of soft tissue). " 08/01/2021 - "To evaluate the efficacy of adjuvant chemotherapy (ACTx) in completely resected uterine leiomyosarcoma (ULMS) in terms of survival outcomes. " 11/01/2016 - "We sought to review the current evidence in order to test the efficacy of adjuvant chemotherapy in improving disease-free survival in patients affected by early stage uterine leiomyosarcoma. " 11/01/2016 - "Efficacy of adjuvant chemotherapy in early stage uterine leiomyosarcoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis." 07/14/2020 - "Although the use of adjuvant chemotherapy (AC) appears to be increasing over the past few years, several clinical trials and previous meta-analyses failed to determine whether AC could improve clinical outcomes in uterine leiomyosarcoma (uLMS). "
5.	Immunotherapy 01/01/2019 - "We evaluated the efficacy of this immunotherapy in both NOD-SCID mice and uterine leiomyosarcoma patients. " 10/13/2023 - "Baseline M1-macrophage and B-cell activity may identify patients with leiomyosarcoma with favorable outcomes on immunotherapy and should be further evaluated." 01/01/2022 - "We constructed m5C scores and found that high m5C scores were closely associated with leiomyosarcoma and other subtypes, and were associated with poorer prognosis, lower PD-L1 expression, and poorer immunotherapy outcomes. " 04/02/2021 - "Beyond the first line, there are several options;, including chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and recently efforts of introducing immunotherapy to the therapeutic armamentarium of clinicians treating uterine leiomyosarcomas. " 01/01/2019 - "These data suggest the possibility that treatment with targeted immunotherapy may be appropriate in a selected population of patients with leiomyosarcoma and, potentially, in related tumors bearing ALK rearrangements."