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Leg Ulcer

Ulceration of the skin and underlying structures of the lower extremity. About 90% of the cases are due to venous insufficiency (VARICOSE ULCER), 5% to arterial disease, and the remaining 5% to other causes.

Also Known As:

Leg Ulcers; Ulcer, Leg; Ulcers, Leg

Networked: 1207 relevant articles (98 outcomes, 194 trials/studies) for this Disease, Comments

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Skin and Connective Tissue Diseases
- Skin Diseases: 6087
  - Skin Ulcer: 339
    - Leg Ulcer: 1207
      - Varicose Ulcer: 455
      - Foot Ulcer: 391

Related Diseases

1.	Wounds and Injuries (Trauma)
2.	Ulcer
3.	Pain (Aches)
4.	Venous Insufficiency
5.	Pressure Ulcer (Bedsore)

Experts

1.	Nelson, E A: 9 articles (11/2009 - 01/2000)
2.	Dissemond, J: 9 articles (01/2008 - 06/2001)
3.	Vanscheidt, W: 9 articles (05/2007 - 06/2000)
4.	Cullum, N: 7 articles (11/2009 - 01/2000)
5.	Zamboni, Paolo: 6 articles (12/2009 - 09/2004)
6.	Margolis, David J: 6 articles (10/2009 - 02/2002)
7.	Körber, A: 6 articles (01/2008 - 03/2006)
8.	Grabbe, S: 6 articles (01/2008 - 03/2006)
9.	Gemmati, Donato: 5 articles (12/2009 - 09/2004)
10.	Karlsmark, Tonny: 5 articles (11/2009 - 05/2005)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Leg Ulcer:

1.	Pentoxifylline (Trental)FDA LinkGeneric 05/04/2002 - "INTERPRETATION: Our results suggest that pentoxifylline gives additional benefit to compression for venous leg ulcers, and is possibly effective for patients not receiving compression." 05/04/2002 - "Our main aim was to determine whether pentoxifylline, with or without compression, was effective in treatment of venous leg ulcers. " 01/01/2002 - "Pentoxifylline in the absence of compression may be effective for treating venous leg ulcers, although the evidence should be cautiously interpreted. " 07/01/1999 - "We conclude that pentoxifylline is effective in accelerating healing of leg ulcers." 01/01/1995 - "A number of clinical studies have therefore been carried out to examine the clinical efficacy of pentoxifylline in treatment of venous leg ulcers. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
2.	Diosmin (Daflon)IBA 01/01/1997 - "Efficacy of Daflon 500 mg in venous leg ulcer healing: a double-blind, randomized, controlled versus placebo trial in 107 patients." 01/01/1997 - "OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy of a micronized purified flavonoid fraction (Daflon 500 mg = Dios) in venous leg ulcer healing, in addition to compression therapy and standardized local care. " 09/01/2005 - "The objective of this study was to assess the effect of oral treatment with Daflon 500 mg (micronized purified flavonoid fraction [MPFF]) on leg ulcer healing. " 09/01/2005 - "Daflon 500 mg and venous leg ulcer: new results from a meta-analysis." 08/01/2001 - "In venous leg ulcer, Daflon 500 mg's clinical efficacy has been demonstrated in addition to standard treatment or versus standard treatment alone. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
3.	ZincIBA 01/01/2007 - "Oral zinc supplementation may be beneficial in treating zinc-deficient leg ulcer patients, but its therapeutic place in surgical patients needs further clarification. " 01/01/2000 - "REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS: Overall, oral zinc sulphate does not appear to aid healing of leg ulcers, although it might be beneficial in those with venous leg ulcers and low serum zinc. " 01/01/2000 - "SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomised controlled trials comparing oral zinc sulphate with placebo or no treatment in patients with arterial or venous leg ulcers. " 01/01/1990 - "The main purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of topically applied zinc on leg ulcer healing and examine its effect on some mechanisms in wound healing using standardized animal models. " 01/01/1985 - "28 Gambian children and adolescents with acute tropical leg ulcers entered a double blind trial of oral zinc supplements as an adjunct to standard treatment. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
4.	Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor (GM-CSF)IBA 05/01/1999 - "CONCLUSIONS: In this first study, topically applied low-dose rhu GM-CSF was a safe treatment for chronic venous leg ulcers. " 03/01/1997 - "CONCLUSION: GM-CSF seems a very useful drug for the healing of leg ulcers." 01/01/1999 - "Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose- ranging study of granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor in patients with chronic venous leg ulcers." 03/01/1997 - "Double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial of the use of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor in chronic leg ulcers." 11/01/2002 - "AIM: To test the efficacy and safety of recombinant granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (rHuGM-CSF) in the treatment of chronic cutaneous leg ulcers. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
5.	OxygenIBA 11/01/2005 - "The efficacy of hyperbaric oxygen treatment is being evaluated in the management of nonhealing leg ulcers to improve skin graft survival. " 06/01/2003 - "CONCLUSION: hyperbaric oxygen enhanced the healing of ischaemic, non-healing diabetic leg ulcers and may be used as a valuable adjunct to conventional therapy when reconstructive surgery is not possible." 04/01/1994 - "Hyperbaric oxygen reduced size of chronic leg ulcers: a randomized double-blind study." 11/01/1990 - "This difference, which is statistically significant (p less than 0.001), shows that the blood oxygen pressure is lower both in the tissue of the leg ulcer (literary communication) and in the whole body." 02/01/1988 - "Oxygen tension was measured near the edge of the leg ulcer before and after 60 min of intermittent compression at 50 mmHg. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
6.	EMLA FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/1990 - "The analgesic effect of EMLA 5% cream for surgical cleansing of leg ulcers was investigated in an open study and in a double-blind comparison with placebo. " 10/01/2001 - "METHODS: A single 24-h application of 5-10 g (median 6.75) of EMLA was given to 10 patients with painful leg ulcers measuring 50-100 cm2. " 09/01/1999 - "[Use of EMLA Creme in leg ulcers: usefulness and limits]" 05/01/1999 - "EMLA cream for the débridement of venous leg ulcers." 06/01/1993 - "Repeated treatment with EMLA in leg ulcers would appear to be safe, as indicated by the absence of any serious untoward events. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
7.	cadexomer iodineIBA 04/01/1997 - "The clinical and bacteriological efficacy of topical cadexomer iodine on venous leg ulcers colonised with Pseudomonas aeruginosa was evaluated in an open, uncontrolled, multicentre pilot study. " 09/01/1986 - "A study of the effect of cadexomer iodine in the treatment of venous leg ulcers." 06/01/2001 - "Cadexomer-iodine in the treatment of venous leg ulcers: what is the evidence?" 03/08/2001 - "A case study describes the use of Iodoflex in a difficult-to-heal venous leg ulcer." 03/08/2001 - "Application and method of use of Iodoflex and Iodosorb in venous leg ulcers is then detailed along with relevant clinical evidence. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
8.	ParaffinIBA 04/01/2009 - "OBJECTIVE: To compare the effect on the microcirculation in venous leg ulcers (VLUs) of two treatment regimens that promote a moist wound environment versus paraffin gauze. " 05/01/1998 - "CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that cadexomer iodine paste is an efficient, cost-effective and safe alternative to hydrocolloid dressing and paraffin gauze dressing for the treatment of venous leg ulcers." 03/01/1988 - "In-patients with venous leg ulcers showed increased healing rates with a hydrocolloid dressing (Granuflex), as compared with a traditional paraffin gauze dressing (Jelonet), in a randomized sequential crossover trial, although the difference was not statistically significant. " 05/01/1998 - "The effects of cadexomer iodine paste in the treatment of venous leg ulcers compared with hydrocolloid dressing and paraffin gauze dressing. " 06/01/2000 - "We examined archival paraffin blocks of samples of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in chronic venous leg ulcers previously taken from 23 patients and of chronic noncancerous venous leg ulcers from 35 patients for the presence of human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
9.	Anti-Bacterial Agents (Antibiotics)IBA 08/01/1986 - "The results of our study do not support the routine administration of systemic antibiotics in the management of chronic venous leg ulcers." 08/01/1986 - "Forty-seven patients with chronic venous leg ulcers were included in a randomized clinical trial to evaluate the efficacy of systemically administered antibiotics in healing with condition. " 01/01/2010 - "AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: At present, there is no evidence to support the routine use of systemic antibiotics to promote healing in venous leg ulcers. " 01/01/2008 - "AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: At present, there is no existing evidence to support the routine use of systemic antibiotics to promote healing in venous leg ulcers. " 01/01/2006 - "BACKGROUND: The treatment of venous leg ulcers is often inadequate, because of incorrect diagnosis, overuse of systemic antibiotics and inadequate use of compression therapy. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
10.	Alprostadil (Muse)FDA LinkGeneric 08/01/2004 - "CONCLUSIONS: Both intravenous and local subcutaneous alprostadil are useful in the treatment of ischemic leg ulcers, but subcutaneous administration is less expensive and easier to perform." 11/01/1993 - "Leg ulcers became smaller in the lipo-PGE1 groups in both trials (p < 0.01). " 11/01/1993 - "The effect of lipo-PGE1 (10 micrograms/day) was compared with placebo and the normal dose of a free PGE1 preparation (PGE1-CD, 40 micrograms/day) in two studies (double-blind and well-controlled) which enrolled 364 diabetic patients with neuropathy and/or leg ulcers. " 01/01/1987 - "Oral prostaglandin E1 as a therapeutic modality for leg ulcers in Behçet's disease." 03/01/1982 - "The effect on healing of ischaemic leg ulcers was tested in a double blind study in twenty-two patients given prostaglandin E1 intravenously. " Order ALL the reference details at left...

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Transplants (Transplant) 09/01/1999 - "Management of chronic venous leg ulcers using a new autologous skin graft system." 07/01/1996 - "This improvement in the treatment of chronic leg ulcers with cultured autologous keratinocytes probably depends on the large compartment of proliferative cells as well as on a well-developed horny layer which prevents disintegration of the grafts. " 01/01/2008 - "OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to determine whether postoperative VAC helps assist closure of mesh grafts in chronic leg ulcer patients. " 04/01/2007 - "In this pilot investigation, biopsy and swab samples were obtained as part of skin-graft operations performed on a chronic venous leg ulcer in order to study the spatial microbial diversity and to compare standard bacteriological and molecular biological techniques. " 01/01/2007 - "SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of skin grafts in the treatment of venous leg ulcers. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
2.	Debridement 01/01/2002 - "Although stopping HU administration is vitally important, surgical debridement and TT application are effective for treating leg ulcers due to HU." 01/01/2006 - "AIM: To establish a maggot debridement therapy unit and assess efficacy of this method in chronic conservative non-treatable leg ulcers in patient in whom conventional therapy failed. " 07/01/2005 - "Enzymatic versus autolytic debridement of chronic leg ulcers: a prospective randomised trial." 03/01/2005 - "The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of sharp debridement on the progression of recalcitrant chronic venous leg ulcers (CVLU) and to assess the feasibility of performing this procedure in an outpatient setting. " 01/01/2005 - "The aim of the study was to describe the role of hydrocoloid dressings in the process of debridement and treatment of venous leg ulcers." Order ALL the reference details at left...
3.	Bandages (Bandage) 11/01/1999 - "The aim of the study was to compare the efficacy of two types of compression bandage with different degrees of elasticity on healing of venous leg ulcers. " 06/14/2007 - "In particular, discussion focuses on whether the four layer bandage system (4LB) or the short stretch (SSB) system should be considered as the first-line treatment of venous leg ulcers. " 01/01/2009 - "Four layer bandage compared with short stretch bandage for venous leg ulcers: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials with data from individual patients." 10/01/2004 - "Phase I trial to evaluate the safety of H5.020CMV.PDGF-b and limb compression bandage for the treatment of venous leg ulcer: trial A." 07/01/2004 - "VenUS I: a randomised controlled trial of two types of bandage for treating venous leg ulcers." Order ALL the reference details at left...
4.	Hydrocolloid Bandages (Duoderm) 05/01/2001 - "Tolerability and efficacy of hydrocolloid dressings in the treatment of venous leg ulcers under tropical conditions: an open prospective study." 09/01/1992 - "A prospective, randomized trial of Unna's boot versus Duoderm CGF hydroactive dressing plus compression in the management of venous leg ulcers." 03/01/1992 - "A prospective, randomized trial of Unna's boot versus Duoderm CGF hydroactive dressing plus compression in the management of venous leg ulcers." 07/01/2005 - "OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy, tolerance and acceptability of Urgotul and DuoDERM E dressings in the local management of venous or mixed-aetiology leg ulcers. " 03/01/2005 - "Its efficacy and safety were evaluated, in combination with standard care (hydrocolloid dressing and compression therapy), in 194 patients suffering from hard-to-heal (lasting more than 6 weeks and not responding to conventional therapy) venous leg ulcers. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
5.	Autologous Transplantation (Autograft) 09/01/1995 - "The results achieved in the past five years have shown that cultured epithelial autografts are highly effective in treating chronic leg ulcers. " 07/01/2003 - "An autologous epidermal equivalent tissue-engineered from follicular outer root sheath keratinocytes is as effective as split-thickness skin autograft in recalcitrant vascular leg ulcers." 09/01/1995 - "Treatment of leg ulcers with cultured epithelial autografts: clinical study and case reports." 11/01/2008 - "Is there an easier way to autograft skin in chronic leg ulcers? " 09/01/1995 - "We evaluated the effectiveness of cultured epithelial autografts in the treatment of leg ulcers due to various etiologies that had failed other standard therapy. " Order ALL the reference details at left...

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