Lacrimal Duct Obstruction

Interference with the secretion of tears by the lacrimal glands. Obstruction of the LACRIMAL SAC or NASOLACRIMAL DUCT causing acute or chronic inflammation of the lacrimal sac (DACRYOCYSTITIS). It is caused also in infants by failure of the nasolacrimal duct to open into the inferior meatus and occurs about the third week of life. In adults occlusion may occur spontaneously or after injury or nasal disease. (Newell, Ophthalmology: Principles and Concepts, 7th ed, p250)

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Networked: 672 relevant articles (81 outcomes, 95 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Lacrimal Apparatus Diseases (Epiphora)
2.	Dacryocystitis (Dacryoadenitis)
3.	Surgical Wound Infection
4.	Pathologic Constriction (Stenosis)
5.	Thyroid Neoplasms (Thyroid Cancer)

Experts

1.	Ali, Mohammad Javed: 23 articles (07/2022 - 05/2012)
2.	Baek, Sehyun: 9 articles (07/2019 - 07/2012)
3.	Selva, Dinesh: 8 articles (02/2020 - 04/2006)
4.	Lee, Hwa: 7 articles (10/2017 - 07/2012)
5.	Bothra, Nandini: 6 articles (05/2022 - 10/2017)
6.	Leibovitch, Igal: 6 articles (01/2020 - 04/2006)
7.	Park, Minsoo: 6 articles (04/2017 - 07/2012)
8.	Chang, Minwook: 5 articles (07/2019 - 12/2013)
9.	Kersten, Robert C: 5 articles (05/2019 - 07/2002)
10.	Esmaeli, Bita: 5 articles (01/2017 - 07/2003)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Lacrimal Duct Obstruction:

1.	SiliconesIBA 07/01/2004 - "Silicone intubation with the Ritleng system is an effective treatment for patients with congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction, especially at young age. " 09/18/1997 - "Aim of the present study was to determine the efficacy of intranasal endoscopic silicone intubation to treat congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction in children who failed conventional lacrimal system probing. " 01/01/2014 - "Efficacy of endoscopic guided anterograde 3 mm balloon dacryoplasty with silicone intubation in treatment of acquired partial nasolacrimal duct obstruction in adults." 01/01/2012 - "To evaluate the long-term efficacy of silicone intubation in adults with presumed functional nasolacrimal duct obstruction. " 03/01/2015 - "To study predictors and implications on outcome of premature silicone tube-loss, a post-operative complication of monocanalicular intubation (MCI) performed for treatment of congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction (CNLDO). "
2.	Mitomycin (Mitomycin-C)FDA LinkGeneric 08/01/2000 - "Intraoperative mitomycin C application is effective in increasing the success rate of DCR surgery in standard nasolacrimal duct obstruction, and no significant complications resulted from its use." 01/01/2022 - "The purpose of the study is to evaluate the safety and efficacy of adjunctive use of mitomycin-C (MMC) using two different concentrations 0.2 mg/ml and 0.4 mg/ml for lacrimal duct probing to treat the nasolacrimal duct obstruction (NLDO) in adults. " 04/01/2015 - "The current study aimed to determine the efficacy of probing with adjunctive mitomycin C (MMC) as a treatment for nasolacrimal duct obstruction (NLDO) in adults and to study the association of probing success with demographic and obstruction characteristics. " 04/01/2013 - "Efficacy of probing with mitomycin-C in adults with primary acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction." 01/01/2020 - "Our study was aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of adjunctive application of mitomycin C after endoscopic-assisted probing for the treatment of congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction in children. "
3.	Anti-Bacterial Agents (Antibiotics)IBA 12/01/2000 - "The authors investigated the efficacy of antibiotic irrigation as the therapeutic option in congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction. " 01/01/2005 - "The aim of the study was to evaluate the species of the microorganisms and their susceptibility to antibiotics in congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction in children. " 04/01/2022 - "To analyze the microbiological spectrum and antibiotic sensitivity patterns in children with congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction (CNLDO). " 04/01/2022 - "A Case-Control Study to Determine the Microbiological Spectrum and Antibiotic Sensitivity Patterns in Congenital Nasolacrimal Duct Obstruction." 01/01/2014 - "Clean cases of primary acquired nasolacrimal duct obstructions (PANDO) without any sac discharge upon marsupialization (22%, 11/50) were not prescribed routine post-operative prophylaxis, whereas the remaining were prescribed oral antibiotics for 5 days. "
4.	Polyurethanes (Polyurethane)IBA 12/01/2005 - "This study included 15 patients who had nasolacrimal polyurethane implantations for the treatment of primary acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction. " 08/01/2002 - "The purpose of this study was to evaluate the long-term efficacy of polyurethane stent placement in adults with nasolacrimal duct obstruction. " 12/01/2005 - "The success rate of nasolacrimal polyurethane stent implantation for the treatment of primary acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction is low. " 06/01/2003 - "To analyze a series of patients with lacrimal duct obstruction treated with polyurethane stents. " 08/01/2002 - "Treatment of nasolacrimal duct obstruction with polyurethane stent placement: long-term results."
5.	Coloring Agents (Dyes)IBA 05/01/2010 - "Efficacy of dye disappearance test and tear meniscus height in diagnosis and postoperative assessment of nasolacrimal duct obstruction." 02/01/1993 - "Secondary dye testing was positive (dye present in the nose) in 12 of 13 lacrimal systems (92%) with functional nasolacrimal duct obstruction, in 7 of 8 (89%) with involutional ectropion, and in 4 of 5 (80%) with facial nerve palsy. " 02/01/1993 - "Secondary dye testing is helpful in differentiating punctal or canalicular stenosis from functional nasolacrimal duct obstruction; however, it cannot help differentiate ectropion or facial nerve palsy from functional nasolacrimal duct obstruction." 06/01/2009 - "Efficacy of probing for children with congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction: a retrospective study using fluorescein dye disappearance test and lacrimal sac echography." 02/01/2010 - "Complete nasolacrimal duct obstruction was demonstrated by studying irrigation of the nasolacrimal system, and by fluorescein dye study. "
6.	Fluorescein (Funduscein)FDA LinkGeneric 02/01/2023 - "Corneal fluorescein staining and meibomian gland distortion of the upper eyelid were negatively correlated with the degree of nasolacrimal duct obstruction (p = 0.01 and p = 0.007, respectively). " 06/01/2013 - "The purpose of this study was to evaluate the results of probing, without fluorescein irrigation, as a primary treatment for epiphora and/or mucous discharge, secondary to congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction (CNLDO) METHODS: The medical records of nine-two children (127 eyes) with CNLDO who underwent a single probing without the use of fluorescein irrigation between January 2006 and December 2011 were reviewed retrospectively. " 06/01/2009 - "Efficacy of probing for children with congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction: a retrospective study using fluorescein dye disappearance test and lacrimal sac echography." 02/01/2010 - "Complete nasolacrimal duct obstruction was demonstrated by studying irrigation of the nasolacrimal system, and by fluorescein dye study. " 05/01/2013 - "Reliability of fluorescein dye disappearance test in assessment of adults with nasolacrimal duct obstruction."
7.	IodineIBA 05/01/2020 - "Secondary Acquired Nasolacrimal Duct Obstruction as a Specific Complication of Treatment With Radioactive Iodine (Morphological Study)." 12/01/2022 - "To identify factors associated with radioactive iodine (RAI)-acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction (NLDO). " 01/01/2017 - "S-1 and radioactive iodine have been reported to cause nasolacrimal duct obstruction. " 03/01/2023 - "SPECT/CT images localized the focal tracer uptake in the nasolacrimal sac/duct likely due to nasolacrimal duct obstruction secondary to prior radioiodine or iodine therapies. " 12/01/2022 - "Factors Associated With Radioactive Iodine Therapy-Acquired Nasolacrimal Duct Obstruction."
8.	SolutionsIBA 11/01/2005 - "This study confirms that external dacryocystorhinostomy is a highly successful long-term solution to nasolacrimal duct obstruction with low morbidity." 11/01/2010 - "Probing and syringing with 3% solution of NaCl and/or 0.2 mg/ml mitomycin-C in nasolacrimal duct obstruction patients." 11/01/2010 - "0.2 mg/ml Mitomycin-C solution of was the most effective medication for office probing and syringing in reducing epiphora symptom in nasolacrimal duct obstruction patients." 11/01/2010 - "Forty-eight of nasolacrimal duct obstruction patients with epiphora symptom were randomly assigned to receive either Normal Saline Solution or 3% solution of Sodium Chloride or 0.2 mg/ml Mitomycin-C solution or combined 3% solution of Sodium Chloride with 0.2 mg/ml Mitomycin-C solution, during office probing and syringing. "
9.	Type A Botulinum Toxins (Botox)FDA Link 10/01/2017 - "Retrospective long-term study to evaluate the efficacy of botulinum neurotoxin A (BoNT/A) therapy for epiphora due to non-surgical nasolacrimal duct obstruction. "
10.	incobotulinumtoxinAFDA Link 10/01/2017 - "Retrospective long-term study to evaluate the efficacy of botulinum neurotoxin A (BoNT/A) therapy for epiphora due to non-surgical nasolacrimal duct obstruction. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Dacryocystorhinostomy 04/01/2014 - "To evaluate the efficacy of a sleeve technique during endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) in primary nasolacrimal duct obstruction (NLDO) patients with a high lacrimal sac. " 10/01/2005 - "Transilluminating intranasal dacryocystorhinostomy is a quick and safe option for the treatment of nasolacrimal duct obstruction. " 12/01/2010 - "The present study confirms that endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy without stenting is effective for the treatment of nasolacrimal duct obstruction. " 01/01/2014 - "Endoscopic endonasal dacryocystorhinostomy is an effective treatment for nasolacrimal duct obstruction. " 01/01/2007 - "External dacryocystorhinostomy appeared to be effective in the management of nasolacrimal duct obstruction."
2.	Stents 05/01/2021 - "To study the performance of a pre-loaded Monoka stent in the management of congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction (CNLDO). " 11/01/2019 - "To study the CT appearance of the nasolacrimal canal (NLC) in cases of congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction (CNLDO) where there is a tactile sensation of a hard contact (HC) stop in the duct preventing stent intubation. " 12/01/2008 - "This study was undertaken to evaluate the effectiveness of the Song stent in patients with nasolacrimal duct obstruction. " 06/01/1985 - "Even though the results of our uncontrolled surgical trial cannot be compared to other treatment methods, the data suggest that even very difficult cases of congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction will respond to a simple turbinate fracture with a hemostat without the necessity of complicated tubes or stents. " 11/01/2023 - "This method had a low recurrence and operative room removal rate, with similar extrusion and complication rates to other bicanalicular stent and intubation methods for the treatment of congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction."
3.	Lasers (Laser) 03/01/1994 - "Endoscopic laser DCR appears to be a safe and effective procedure which should be considered as an alternative to external DCR for the surgical treatment of nasolacrimal duct obstruction." 10/01/2005 - "Advances in endoscopy and lasers have improved surgical management of chronic nasolacrimal duct obstruction. " 02/01/2016 - "Transcanalicular laser assisted DCR is a promising minimally invasive approach for the surgical treatment of acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction, in order to fill the gap between recanalising first step procedures and external DCR." 09/01/2011 - "Laser canaliculoplasty is widely used to treat lacrimal duct obstruction. " 11/01/2010 - "Eight children with nasolacrimal duct obstruction were treated with a multidiode laser. "
4.	Catheters 11/01/2002 - "Balloon catheter dilatation is an effective treatment for congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction. " 03/01/2002 - "Balloon catheter dilation is a safe and generally effective treatment for children with persistent symptoms of nasolacrimal duct obstruction following previous surgery." 05/01/2020 - "To assess the efficacy of commonly available coronary angioplasty balloon catheters as a low-cost alternative to the traditional dacryoplasty catheters in select patients of congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction. " 03/01/2021 - "The aim of this study is to report the outcome of balloon catheter dilation as the primary treatment of congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction in children of all ages. " 05/01/2020 - "A prospective, interventional study was performed between July 2018 and December 2018 in children with congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction, who underwent balloon dacryoplasty using the coronary angioplasty balloon catheters (2.75 × 10 mm, SPALNO, Cardiomac, Haryana, India). "
5.	Therapeutics 01/01/2021 - "Lacrimal probing is the treatment of choice for congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction that does not have a spontaneous resolution; however, there is no consensus about the best time for probing and if it is superior to other therapies. " 10/01/2012 - "This study reports on symptomatic and asymptomatic nasolacrimal duct obstruction (NLDO) as complications of high-dose radioiodine therapy in these patients. " 09/01/2023 - "Dacryocystography-computed tomography (DCG-CT) scans of the nasolacrimal ducts in 64 cases with SALDO due to radioiodine therapy and in 69 cases with primary acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction (PANDO) were studied. " 09/01/2023 - "To investigate the topographic and anatomical features of secondary acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction (SALDO) due to radioiodine therapy. " 04/01/2023 - "Secondary acquired lacrimal duct obstruction (SALDO) is one of the complications of radioiodine therapy. "