Keloid

A sharply elevated, irregularly shaped, progressively enlarging scar resulting from formation of excessive amounts of collagen in the dermis during connective tissue repair. It is differentiated from a hypertrophic scar (CICATRIX, HYPERTROPHIC) in that the former does not spread to surrounding tissues.

Also Known As:

Keloids

Networked: 3204 relevant articles (399 outcomes, 699 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Cicatrix (Scar)
2.	Hypertrophic Cicatrix (Hypertrophic Scar)
3.	Keloid
4.	Pain (Aches)
5.	Wounds and Injuries (Trauma)

Experts

1.	Ogawa, Rei: 66 articles (06/2022 - 02/2003)
2.	Bayat, Ardeshir: 47 articles (01/2022 - 02/2003)
3.	Akaishi, Satoshi: 30 articles (06/2022 - 04/2008)
4.	Hyakusoku, Hiko: 24 articles (01/2016 - 02/2003)
5.	Niessen, Frank B: 22 articles (01/2021 - 01/2004)
6.	Berman, Brian: 21 articles (09/2021 - 10/2002)
7.	Lee, Won Jai: 21 articles (01/2021 - 08/2011)
8.	Long, Xiao: 20 articles (10/2022 - 09/2006)
9.	Wang, Xiaojun: 20 articles (10/2022 - 02/2013)
10.	Dohi, Teruyuki: 20 articles (06/2022 - 01/2011)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Keloid:

1.	Triamcinolone Acetonide (Azmacort)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/2016 - "Triamcinolone acetonide is highly effective for the treatment of pediatric keloids. " 07/01/2020 - "Evaluation of the efficacy of triamcinolone acetonide in the treatment of keloids by high-frequency ultrasound." 11/01/2020 - "Comparative evaluation of therapeutic efficacy and safety of intralesional triamcinolone acetonide injection vs intralesional radiofrequency with intralesional triamcinolone acetonide in treatment of keloids." 01/01/2009 - "Kenalog injection in combination with excision is a well-tolerated and effective treatment of earlobe keloids in the pediatric population. " 01/01/2022 - " this study the authors evaluated the objective efficacy of triamcinolone acetonide treatment in keloids management using this imaging system. "
2.	Fluorouracil (Carac)FDA LinkGeneric 12/20/2020 - "Conclusions: TA combined with 5-fluorouracil is more effective than TA alone for treating keloids, with less incidence of adverse reactions and recurrence. " 03/01/2005 - "Our study demonstrates that intralesional 5-FU may be effective in the treatment of keloids, but recurrence is common and further investigation is required." 09/01/2021 - "Both IL BTX-A and IL 5-FU showed positive results in treatment of keloids. " 01/01/2006 - "The efficacy of inhibiting keloid angiogenesis by low concentration of 5-fluorouracil was 96.77%. " 01/01/2004 - "The efficacy of 5-FU is comparable to other singly used modalities as a treatment option for keloids. "
3.	SiliconesIBA 01/01/2018 - "The study was conducted to analyze results following excision of keloid with its tract and topical silicone gel as the postsurgical adjuvant. " 03/01/2004 - "To study the curative effects of keloid by operation combined with postoperative beta radiation and silicone gel sheeting. " 01/01/2022 - "The keloids will be molded in silicone prior to the onset of treatment and prior to excision to assess pre-treatment and post-treatment size. " 04/28/2015 - "It is suggested that, in the space beneath the silicone sheet, the higher humidity and temperature, both generated as a result of prolonged sheeting, especially during hot weather, might have caused the keloid and its neighbouring skin to become soggy. " 08/01/2002 - "In addition topical treatment with extracts of onions, occlusive silicone sheets and pressure improves the clinical appearance of keloids."
4.	Adrenal Cortex Hormones (Corticosteroids)IBA 04/01/2010 - "The study included 10 patients (8 men, 9 white and 1 black) with a keloid on the retroauricular region or earlobe of more than 1 year duration, who had undergone previous treatment (surgery and topical or injected corticosteroids) without a good outcome or with relapse, and who had not received any treatment in the previous 6 months. " 06/01/2015 - "The efficacy and safety of the IL BTA were clearly evident in the current work from the rapid significant amelioration of the subjective complaints and the comparable significant improvement of the objective parameters as well as the volume of the keloids in comparison with the IL corticosteroids." 01/01/2019 - "The efficacy of corticosteroids in the treatment of keloids has been well established. " 01/01/2023 - "Intralesional corticosteroid administration (ICA) is a first-line treatment for keloids. " 01/01/2022 - "Intralesional corticosteroid injection has been considered the first-line treatment for keloids. "
5.	SteroidsIBA 09/01/2008 - "Currently, the most effective and safe regimen for keloid management appears to be the use of corticotherapy-injection of intradermal steroids after a surgical excision." 01/01/2019 - "First-line treatment of formed keloids involves topical or intralesional steroids. " 01/01/2017 - "Intralesional steroid injection remains the first-line treatment for keloids. " 06/01/2015 - "To assess the clinical safety and efficacy of radiofrequency (RF) followed by intralesional (IL) steroid injection in keloids. " 01/01/2023 - "This study aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of punch excision combined with intralesional steroid injection for keloid treatment. "
6.	Triamcinolone (Aristocort)FDA Link 11/01/2016 - "Triamcinolone is effective in shrinking keloids and preventing their recurrence following excision, if delivered successfully. " 08/01/2012 - "To compare the efficacy of 5-flurouracil (5-FU) versus triamcinolone as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of keloids. " 09/01/2019 - "The objective of the study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of triamcinolone-embedded dissolving microneedles in treatment of keloids. " 10/01/2018 - "This study estimates the value of pre-excision triamcinolone injection of earlobe keloid, by comparing recurrence rates in patients who only received postexcision triamcinolone injection to those who had it administered before and after excision.The" 06/01/2022 - "Intralesional triamcinolone was used in the treatment of keloids with varying results. "
7.	Verapamil (Calan)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/2021 - "The aim of this study was to conduct a meta-analysis of the effectiveness and safety of verapamil and TAC in the treatment of HSs and keloids. " 01/01/2021 - "This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety as well as the histological/immunohistochemical effects of intralesional verapamil on keloids. " 01/01/2021 - "Intralesional verapamil in the treatment of keloids: A clinical, histopathological, and immunohistochemical study." 01/01/2019 - "Since there is not sufficient evidence to support the role of intralesional verapamil as an effective alternative modality, it was decided to undertake a randomized study to determine its efficacy as a treatment for keloids. " 01/01/2021 - "Thirty-one patients with 43 keloids were treated with IL verapamil at 3-week intervals until reaching complete flattening of the lesion or for a maximum of 6 sessions. "
8.	Bleomycin (Blenoxane)FDA LinkGeneric 01/30/2019 - "To evaluate the efficacy of bleomycin injected in the injury for keloids treatment. " 01/30/2019 - "We found that bleomycin offers promise in the treatment of keloids. " 10/13/2023 - "Treatment of keloids with intralesional bleomycin and electroporation." 01/30/2019 - "Successful Treatment of Intralesional Bleomycin in Keloids of Vietnamese Population." 01/01/1996 - "[Treatment of keloid with intralesional bleomycin]."
9.	CollagenIBA 02/01/1993 - "The data suggest that the FGFs are effective in down-regulating excess collagen production by keloid fibroblasts and that this inhibitory effect is apparently associated with pretranslational events. " 12/01/2021 - "In this study, cell proliferation, cell migration, collagen production and TGF-β signaling was compared between normal fibroblasts (NFs) and keloid fibroblasts (KFs). " 01/01/2021 - "Functional studies indicate that mesenchymal fibroblasts are crucial for collagen overexpression in keloid. " 01/01/2021 - "In this study, the differences in tissue structure, collagen ultrastructure, matrix components, mechanical properties and collagen assembling molecules between keloids and their extra-lesional skins (ELSs) were explored using histology, transmission electron microscope (TEM), qPCR, Western blot, immunohistochemistry and bioinformatics. " 07/08/2020 - "This study has investigated the role of keloid keratinocytes in regulating collagen production by primary fibroblasts in vitro. "
10.	Type A Botulinum Toxins (Botox)FDA Link 02/01/2010 - "The following is a case presentation in which painful neuropathic symptoms from a keloid were treated successfully with botulinum toxin type A. " 03/01/2017 - "Efficacy of Botulinum Toxin A in Preventing Recurrence Keloids: Double Blinded Randomized Controlled Trial Study: Intraindividual Subject." 12/01/2021 - "Botulinum toxin A (BTX-A) has a great application potential in keloids treatment. " 12/01/2021 - "Botulinum toxin A promotes the transdifferentiation of primary keloid myofibroblasts into adipocyte-like cells." 10/01/2021 - "Botulinum toxin type A (BTXA) can induce apoptosis in keloid fibroblasts. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Therapeutics 01/01/2023 - "The triple therapy protocol is highly effective in primary and secondary auricular keloid as long as patients remain compliant." 01/01/2020 - "Research evaluating the efficacy of multimodal therapy for the treatment of keloids has reported combination regimens are most effective. " 01/01/2020 - "Our study suggests that this combined therapy provides excellent local control of keloids and shows promise for future therapy." 07/01/2002 - "The search for improved experimental models is of critical importance because such models have an important role to play in both the study of keloid formation and in the development of new therapies. " 04/07/2023 - "For ear keloids, combination therapy offers an improved approach with an excellent aesthetic appearance and less risk of recurrence than traditional monotherapy."
2.	Radiotherapy 01/01/2022 - "Adjuvant electron beam radiation therapy after keloid excision has been proven as highly effective in reducing local recurrence. " 05/01/2023 - "Our preliminary results show positive outcomes of complete excision followed by postoperative single fractional 10 Gy radiotherapy for recurrent anterior chest keloids on the same day. " 09/01/2007 - "Postoperative electron radiotherapy is well tolerated and very effective in preventing keloid recurrence. " 01/01/2023 - "Excision with a tongue flap and radiotherapy can be used as the primary treatment for ear keloids considering the good outcome and long-term management." 10/01/2016 - "Immediate postoperative radiotherapy of keloids is safe with good outcome and a low recurrence rate."
3.	Lasers (Laser) 11/01/2023 - "Our data demonstrate that this combined laser therapeutic protocol appears to be effective and well tolerated for the management of earlobe and helix keloids in dark subjects, with no high recurrence rate and avoiding the adverse effects and lengthy recovery time." 01/01/2014 - "Over the past 5 years, we established a treatment protocol combining laser with (32) P-patch contact brachyradiotherapy, which represents a safe and effective option in the treatment of keloids. " 10/01/2001 - "This laser may have clinical promise in the treatment of keloids. " 01/01/2021 - "In this study, laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI) was used to assess perfusion within keloids and surrounding skin, and perfusion of keloids at different stages was compared. " 12/01/2015 - "First, this keloid animal model appears to be adapted for laser study. "
4.	Cryosurgery 01/01/2006 - "The major advantages of the intralesional cryoprobe, including the marked efficacy of a single treatment, may have a major importance in the clinical application of cryosurgery in the treatment of keloids and of other lesions localized deep in the skin." 04/01/2015 - "Intralesional cryosurgery has been shown to bring about significant improvement in keloids. " 08/01/2020 - "Intralesional cryosurgery is effective in the treatment of keloids; however, clinical studies have presented diversified results. " 01/01/2014 - "Our data suggest that intralesional cryosurgery is an effective treatment for keloids." 05/01/2001 - "Surface cryosurgery is effective for smaller keloids, but not for larger ones. "
5.	Cryotherapy (Therapy, Cold) 01/30/2021 - "Intralesional TAC plus intralesional cryotherapy appeared to have the most promising results for non-auricular keloids, and the authors suggest considering this as a first-line treatment. " 07/01/2006 - "To assess the efficacy of cryotherapy in the treatment of keloids. " 07/01/2012 - "Duration and thickness of the keloids were found to be the most important factors in determining treatment outcome with cryotherapy in our study. " 07/01/2012 - " conducted this study to evaluate the effect of cryotherapy in treatment of keloids and to relate the treatment outcome with the clinico-etiological factors. " 09/13/2023 - "Immediate Cryotherapy After Core Excision: A Promising Approach to Reduce Mechanical Tension in Recalcitrant Keloids."